COMPENDIUM OF THE FLORA

OF THE

^ Xortyern an* JWtitrle SsMtn.

ONTAINING GENERIC AND SPECIFIC DESCRIPTIONS OF ALL TH>

PLANTS, EXCLUSIVE OF THE CRYPTOGAMIA, HITHERTO FOUND

IN THE UNITED STATES, NORTH OF THE FOTOMA<".

BY JOHN TORREY, M.D.

'ROFESSOR OF CHEMISTRY IN THE WEST-POINT MILITARY ACAD

F.MY, PRESIDENT OF THE LYCEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY

OF NEW-YORK, MEMBER OF THE rHYSIOGRAFHICA 1

^OFIETT OF LUND, SWEDEN, OF THE WBB>

NERIAN SOCIETY Of EDINBURGH, SiC.

NEW- YORK:

STACY B. COLUNS, 65 FULTON-STREE1

I. A .T. Harper, Pi

18S6.

el

SOUTHERN DISTRICT OF NEW- YORK, «t.

bK IT REMEMBERED, that on the 16th day of September, in
the fifty-first year of the Independence of the United States of Amer-
ica, Stacy H. Collins, of the said District, hath deposited in this
office the title of a hook, the right whereof he claims, as Proprietor,
in the words following, to wit :

"A Compendium of the Flora of the Northern and Middle States.
Containing Generic and Specific Descriptions of all the Plants, exclu-
sive of the Cryptogamia, hitherto found in the United States, north of
the Potomac. By John Torrey, M.D. Professor of Chemistry in the
West-Point Military Academy, President of the Lyceum of Natural
History of New- York, Member of the Phj siographical Society of Lund,
SVeden, of the vVerncrian Society of Edinburgh, &c."

In conformity to the Act of the Congress of the United Stales, entitled
i' An Act for the encouragement of Learning, by securing tiie copies
of Maps, Charts, and Books, to the authors r.nd proprietors of such
copies, during the times therein mentioned." And also to an Act,
entitled, "An Act, supplementary to an Act, entitled an Act for
the encouragement of Learning, by securing the copies of Maps,
t'h&rts, and Books, to the authors and proprietors of such copies,
during the times therein mentioned, and extending the benefits thereof
10 the arts of designing, engraving, and etching historical and other
prints.*'

JAMES DILL,
Ghrh of the Southern District of Ntto-Yotk.

TO

WILLIAM COOPER. ESQ.

OF NEW- YORK.

THIS VOLUME

JS DEDICATED, AS A TESTIMONY

OF RESPECT FOR HIS

ATTAINMENTS AS A NATURALIST,

AND AS
AN EXPRESSION OF

HIGH ESTEEM FOR HIS VIRTUES,

BY HIS FRIEND,

THE AUTHOR.

J o 3

ADVERTISEMENT.

This little Work, which was announced about
two years since, in the Preface to the Author's Flora
of the Northern and Middle States, is at length of-
fered to the Public. His appointment to the Chair
of Chemistry, in the Military Academy of West-
Point, shortly after the first volume of that work
was published, unavoidably interrupted his botanic
cal pursuits ; but he has now resumed them with
unabated zeal. He trusts that with his present
means of research and accumulated materials, the
remainder of the work will at least equal that
which has already been published, and received
with so much indulgence by our botanists. Con-
siderable progress has been made in preparing it
for the press, and it will be completed with all the
speed that is consistent with its faithful execution.

This Compendium, which is after the model ol
Smith's Compendium Florce Britannicce, it is hoped
will be found useful to students of Botany in the
Northern and Mfddle States, and also to those who
have made greater progress in the science, as its
small size will enable them to use it without incon-
venience in their herborizations. It contains sy-
noptical descriptions of all the plants described in

t, ADVERTISEMENT.

the author's larger work, together with the habitat,,
or place of growth of each plant, its time of
flowering, duration, and such other of the more
important properties as are not contained in the
specific character. An Index of the principal
synonyms with the names to which they corres-
pond in this work, will be found at the end of the
volume.

West-Point, Sept. 1st, 1826.

NOTICE

T.UE Abbreviations will probably be understood by most of those
who will use this work. For the benefit of younger students, how-
ever, those which might not be readily known are here explained.

alt. alternate.

in.

inch.

sol.

solitary.

nilth. anther.

lob.

lobe.

wh.

white.

$er. berry.

man

. numerous.

©.

annual.

cal. calyx.

leg.

legume.

i-

bie'nnial.

cor. corolla.

P d.

petal.

v.

perennial.

f\. flower.

perf.

peduncle.

v

shrub or tree

fr. fruit.

$m.

small.

§.

naturalized.

ft. foot.

tub.

tubular.

+.

doubtful.

T '. rrerri.

teg.

segment.

I. MONANDRIA.
I. MOINTOGYNIA.

1. SALICORNIA. Cal. turbinate, entire, somewhai

ventricose, succulent. Cor. 0. Stam. 1-2. Style bi-
fid. Seed 1, covered by the inflated calyx.

2. HIPPURIS. Cal. entire, very small. Cor. 0. Style

received into a groove of the anther. Stig. simple.
Seed 1.

II. DIGYNIA.

3. CALLITRICHE. Cal. inferior 2-leaved. Pet. 0.

Cap. 2-celled, 4-seeded, compressed.

4. BLITUM. Cal. 3-cleft. Cor. 0. Seed 1, covered by

the calyx, which becomes a berry.

I. MONOGYNIA.

I. SALICORNIA. Atriplices. Glasswort.
S. herbacea : annual ; stem erect or branched ; joints

compressed, notched at the summits ; spikes pedun-
culate ; calyx truncate.
HAB. Salt-marshes. Aug. — Sept. 0. 6 — 10 in. high,

fleshy, leafless ; style very short.
S. ambigua : perennial, procumbent, branching;

joints crescent-shaped, small ; spikes opposite and

alternate ; calyx truncate.
HAB. Salt-marshes. Jul.-Aug. $ or lj- Procumbent

and assurgent; anth. purplish-yellow.

2. HIPPURIS. Haloragece. Mare's tail.

H. vulgaris : leaves verticillate in eights, linear-lan-
ceolate, acute.

HAB. Ponds and lakes. Aug. If.. Erect, simple, l- ty
ft. ; flowers axillary, sessile, minute.

14 M0NANDR1A.— DIGYNIA.

II. DIGYNIA.

.3. CALLITRICHE. Haloragece. Water-Chickweed.

1. C. verna /3. intermedia: upper leaves spathulate-

obovate, inferior ones lined, obtuse, and emarginate ;
flowers polygamous; margin of the capsule obtuse.
HAB. Floating in shallow waters. Apr. — Aug. 0. Up-
permost leaves stellate, S-nerved ; flowers axillary;
superior ones stamenif, middle ones perfect, lowest
ones pistilif.

2. C. autumnalis: leaves all linear, 1 -nerved, truncate,

or emarginate ; capsule with an acute margin ; flow-
ers all perfect.
HAB. Floating. Aug. — Sept. ©. Somewhat branched:
superior leaves a little broader, and 3-nerved.
2. C. terrestris : procumbent, diffuse ; leaves oblong,
uniform, rather obtuse ; capsule grooved on the
margin.
HAB. On wet ground. Jun. — Aug. 0. Creeping,
small ; leaves crowded ; flowers polygamous ; capsule
very short, and broad.

4. BLITUM. Atriplices.
1. B. capitatum: procumbent; leaves triangular-ha-
tate ; heads alternate, in a terminal, leafless spike.
HAB. Fields and waste places. ©. Jun. Stem branched,
1 ft. ; heads round, sessile ; flowers crowded, incon-
spicuous ; calyx red when ripe.
£. B. virgatum : leaves triangular-hastate ; heads scat-
tered, lateral.
HAB. In similar situations as No. 1.0. June. Heads
all lateral ; calyx red when ripe.
3. B. maritimum : calyx membranaceous ; clusters axil-
lary, spiked, naked ; leaves lanceolate, attenuate at
each extremity, incisely toothed.
HAB. Salt marshes. Aug. 0. Erect, much branched .
1 — 2 ft. ; leaves succulent ; teeth few ; calyx not be-
coming red ; seed lenticular, vertical.

y l/- j^iv^tT^^ * I

w

DIANDRIA.— MONOGYNIA. 15

II. DIANDRIA.

1. MONOGYNIA.

* Flowers complete, inferior ; 1 pttalled.

t Fruit a drupe or nut.

,. LIGUSTRUM. Cal. 4-toothed. Cor. 4-cleft. Berry
2-celled ; cells 2-seeded.

6. CHIONANTHUS. Cal. 4-parted. Cor. deeply 4-

parted ; segments long and linear. Drupe 1 -seeded.
Nut striate.

7. ORNUS. Cal. 4-parted. Cor. 4-parted; petals long

and ligulate. Fil. 4. JVwMvinged. Fruit a capsule.
::. VERONICA. Cal. 4-parted. Cor. rotate, 4-lobed,

unequal ; the lower segment narrower. Caps. 2-

celled, obcordate ; seeds few.
■ >. LEPTANDRA . Cal. 5-parted ; segments acuminate.

Cor. tubular-campanulate ; border 4-lobed, a little

ringent ; the lower segment narrower. Stam. and

at length the pist. much exserted. Caps, ovate.

acuminate, opening at the summit.

10. GRATIOLA. Cal. 5-parted, often with 2 bracts at

the base. Cor. irregular, resupinate, 2-lipped ; the
upper lip 2-lobed ; the lower equally 3-cleft. Stig.
2-lipped. Caps. 2-celled, 2-valved.

11. L1XDERNIA. Cal. 5-parted. Cor. resupinate,

tubular, 2-lipped ; upper lip short, reflexed, emar-
ginate ; the lower lip trifid and unequal. Fil. 4 ;
the two longer forked arid sterile. Caps. 2-celled.
2-valved ; dissepiment parallel with the valves.
■ IIEMIANTHUS. Cal. tubular, cleft on the under
side : border 4-toothed ; upper lip of the cor. obso-
lete ; lower3-parted; intermediate segmentligulate,
much longer, closely incurved. Stam. 2 ; fil. bifid ;

lateral fork antheriferous. Caps. 1 -celled, 2-valved.

many-seeded.

ATALPA. Cal. 2-parted. Cor. campanulate :

tube ventricose ; border 4-lobed, unequal. Stam.

2 fertile ; 2 — 3 sterile. Stig. bilamellate. Caps.

long and cylindric, 2-valved ; dissepiment opposite

to the valves,
i I. JUSTICIA. Cal. 5-parted, often with 2 bracts attfce

m DIANDRIA.— MONOGYNIA.

base. Cor. irregular, bilabiate ; upper lip emargi
nate ; the lower 3-cleft. Anth. 1—2 on each fila-
ment. Caps, attenuated, 2-celled, 2-valved ; dis-
sepiment growing from the centre of each valve.
15. UTRICULARIA. Cal. 2-leaved, equal. Cor. per-
sonate or ringent ; upper lip erect ; lower lip spur-
red at the base ; palate subcordate. Fil. incurved .
bearing the anthers within the apex. Slig. 2-lipped,
Caps. 1 -celled.

t t t Seeds 4 j naked. Labiate.

(6. LYCOPUS. Cal. tubular, 5-cleft, or 5-toothed.
Cor. tubular, 4-cleft, nearly equal ; upper division
broader and emarginate. Stam. distant. Seeds 4,
retuse.

17. CUNILA. Cal. cylindrical or tubular, 5-toothed.

10-striate. Cor. ringent ; upper lip short, flat.
Fertile stam. and style much exserted ; sterile stam
very short.

18. HEDEOMA. Cal. 2-lipped, gibbous at the base :

upper lip 3-toothed ; teeth lanceolate ; lower lip of
2 subulate teeth. Cor. ringent. Stam. 2 fertile,
as long as the corolla ; 2 sterile, short.
1.9. MONARDA. Cal. 5-toothed, tubular. Cor. rin-
gent ; upper lip linear, involving the filaments :
lower lip reflexed, 3-lobed.

20. SALVIA. Cal. subcampanulate, bilabiate ; upper

lip 2 — 3-toothed ; lower lip bifid. Cor. ringent.
Fil. transversely affixed to a foot-stalk.

21. COLLINSONIA. Cal. bilabiate; upper lip 3-

toothed. Cor. unequal, somewhat campanula^,
unequally 5-lobed ; lower lobe divided into many
capillary segments. Seeds 4 ; three of them gene-
rally abortive.

* * Flowers superior.

22. CIRCiEA. Cal. 2-leaved, superior. Cor. 2-petal

led. Caps. 2-celled, not opening ; cells 2-seeded.

* * * Flowers incomplete.

23. LEMNA. Cal. 1 -leaved, entire. Cor. 0. Fruit

an utricle. Seed 1, lying horizontally, and affixed
by its lower side..

DIANDRIA.— MONOGYNIA. 17

24.CRYPTA. Cal. 2-leaved, inferior. Cor. 2—3-
petalled, closed. Style almost wanting. Stig. ob-
tuse. Caps. 2 — 3-celled, 2 — 3-valved ; cells 4 — 5-
seeded.

MONOGYNIA.

5. LIGUSTRUM. Prim, or Privet. Jasmine*.

L. vulgare ; leaves elliptical — lanceolate, smooth ,

racemes compound, crowded.
J-IAB. Hedges and open woods. May. Tj. 6 ft. high;

leaves opposite; flowers white, panicled ; berries

black.

♦J. CHIONANTHUS. Fringe-tree. Jasmine*.

C. virginica: leaves terminal ; peduncles 3-flowered ;

leaves acute.

a., montana: leaves oval-lanceolate, coriaceous,
smooth ; panicles dense ; drupe oval.

j3. maritima: leaves obovate-lanceolate, membra-
naceous, pubescent ; panicles very loose ; drupe
elliptical.
HAB. a. On mountains ; /3. on the sea-coast. May —

June. T? . 6 — 10 — 20 feet high ; leav. oppos. ; flowers

i?i panicles.

7. ORNUS. Flowering-ash. Jasmine*.

0, americana : leaves broad-ovate, serrate ; the ter-
minal one obcordate.

JIAB. Shady woods. T?. Fl. as in Chionantiius :
seeds small, winged.

3. VERONICA. Speedwell. Rhinanthacea.
V. officinalis : spikes lateral, peduncled ; leaves obo-

vate, or roundish, serrate, hairy ; stem procum

bent.
HAB. Dry woods and meadows. June — July. 1/. Stem

diffuse; spikes erect, subradical ;fl. blue.
V. serpyllifolia : raceme elongated, many-flowered ;

leaves ovate, crenate, smooth ; capsule as long u«

the style ; stem ascending,
n*

DIANDRIA.— MONOGYNIA.

HAB. Meadows. May. V-. Stem procumbent at base
fl. pale blue.

3. V. Beccabunga; racemes opposite ; leaves elliptical,

obtuse, on short petioles, subserrate, glabrous :
stem procumbent, rooting at the base.
HAB. In water ; rare. June. V-. lft. high, terete; ra-
cemes axillary, many-flow. ; corol. blue ; caps, inflat.

4. V. Anagallis: racemes opposite ; leaves lanceolate.

serrate ; stem erect.
HAB. In water. June— Aug. 2J. Uft. high, subquad-
rang.; peduncl. subpubescent ;fl. pale blue.

5. V. scutellata : racemes lateral and alternate ; (rarely

opposite) pedicels divaricate ; leaves linear, some-
what toothed ; stem nearly erect.
HAB. In water. May— June. V-. Root creeping ; stem
weak, somewhat branched; ft. pale blue, or flesh-col.

ft. V. arvensis : flowers solitary, subsessile ; inferior
leaves petiolate, cordate, ovate, serrate ; stent
leaves crenate ; floral ones lanceolate, sessile,
longer than the pedicels ; segments of the calyx
unequal ; capsule obcordate, compressed.
HAB. Dry hills and fields. Apr.— Aug. 0. Stemassur-
aent, 2 — 6 in. high ;fl. pale blue ; caps, compres.

7. V. agrestis : flowers solitary, pedicellate, leaves peti-
olate, cordate-ovate, serrate, segments of the calyx
equal, ovate, hairy ; stem procumbent, pubescent
HAB. Sandy fields. May. Q. Branched, diffuse ;fl. blue.
veined ; capsule didymous, subventricose.

3. V. peregrina : flowers solitary, sessile ; leaves oblong*,
serrate, rather obtuse; stem erect.
HAB. Wet, clayey soils. May — July. 0. Smooth: stem
branched at the base; rad. leaves subpetiolate ; fl,
small, white ; caps, obcordate.

9, V. hederifolia : flowers solitary ; leaves as long as the.

petioles, roundish-cordate, 5-lobed ; the upper ones
3-lobed ; segments of the calyx cordate, ciliate.
acute ; stem procumbent.
HAB. Shady rocks. April. 0. Stems diffuse, pubescent;
leaves somewhat fleshy ; caps, ventricose, with two
seeds in each cell.

10. V. reniformis : stem procumbent, hispid ; leaves ses-

DIANDRIA.— M0N0GYN1A. *9

sile, reniform, entire, hairy, villous ; flowers axil-
lary, solitary, subsessile.
HAB. Sandy soils. Summer. 0. Stems few, terete, vil-
lous ;fl. white or pale blue.

9. LEPTANDRA. Mtirrhineee.

L. virginica : leaves verticillate, in fours or fives, lan-
ceolate, serrate, petiolate.

HAB. Woods and fertile valleys. July — Aug. If. Stew
3 — 4 ft. high ;fl. white, in a long terminal spike.

10. GRATIOLA. Hedge-hyssop. Scrophularuc.

J..G. aurea : smooth ; leaves linear-oblong ; half embra-
cing the stem, obscurely toothed ; leaves of the calyx
equal ; sterile filaments minute.
HAB. Wet, sandy places, and in woods. Aug. — Sept.
If. Root creeping ; stem 8 — 12 in. ;fl. yellow.

3. G. virginica : stem pubescent, assurgent, terete; leaves
smooth, lanceolate, sparingly dentate-serrate, alter-
nate and connate at the base ; leaves of the calyx-
equal ; sterile filaments wanting.
HAB. Wet meadows. July — Aug. If. 6—8 in., branch-
ed at the base ; leaves smooth ; cor. white ; tube yellow.

\.G t megalocarpa : leaves lanceolate, serrate, pubes-
cent ; peduncles opposite, longer than the leaves ;
segments of the calyx linear, as long as the globose
capsule.
HAB. Ditches and pools. July — Aug. If. Cor. pale yel-
low ; caps, large.

11. L1NDERNIA. Scrophulariw.
l.L. dilatata: leaves dilated at the base, amplexicaul,
remotely toothed ; peduncles longer than the leaves.
HAB. Overflowed places. July — Sept. ©. 67cm assur-
gent ; pedunc. altern. andoppos., spreading; cor. pah
purple.
I, L. attenuata: leaves lanceolate and obovate, narrowed
at the base ; peduncles shorter than the leaves
erect.
11AB. Overflowed places. July — Sept. Q. Stem erect o,
procumb. ; leaves serrate or dentate ; cor. pale purple.
'• 1- monticola : stem slender, dichotomous ; radical

20 DlANDRIA.— MONOGYNIA.

leaves spathulate ; cauline ones linear, small and
remote ; peduncles very long, at length reflexed.
II A B. On mountains. If. Leaves denticulate; jfl. pale
blue.

12. HEMIANTHUS. Lijsimachitc.

H. micranthemoides.

J/AB. Overflowed banks of rivers. Aug. — Sept ©. Stem

creeping; leaves oppos ., crowded ;fl. axill. ; cor. bilab.

tube gibbous ; starn. inserted on the lower lip ; style

declined, bi/id.

13. CAT ALP A. Catalpa. Bignonice.

C. cordifolia : leaves simple, cordate, entire ; flowers in
panicles.
HAB. Fields and about houses. July. A large tree .
leaves in threes ;Jl. in large term, panic. ; caps, line-
ar, slender ; seeds caudate.

14. JUSTICIA. Acanthacece.

F. pedunculosa : spikes axillary; peduncles elongated,
alternate ; flowers crowded ; leaves lanceolate.
HAB. In flowing water. July — Aug. If. 2 ft. high:
leaves long; jl. capitate, on long axillary peduncles,
pale purp.; anth. 2, altern.

15. UTRICULARIA. Bladder-wort. Lentibularice.

\.V. injlata : floating; scape many flowered; radical
leaves verticillate, inflated, pinnatirid at their extre-
mities ; lower lip of the corolla 3-lobed ; spur
deeply emarginate.
HAB. Ponds. Aug. If. Rad. leaves spongy; scape
5 — $>-fl. ; cor. large, yellow.

2. U. virigaris : floating; stems submerged, dichotomous :

leaves many-parted, vesiculose ; scape 5 — 9-flow-
ered ; upper lip of the corolla entire, broad-ovate ;
spur conical, incurved.
SIAB. In ponds of deep water. Aug. If. Stems 1 — 3ft. ;
leaves dichot. ; Jl. large, yellow ; lower lip entire:
spur entire.

3. U. minor : spur carinate ; upper lip emarginate .;

palate equal : throat open ; leaves 3-parted, dichoto
mous.

DIANDRIA.— MONOGYNIA. 21

HAB. Swamps and ditches. Aug. 7f. Stems decumbent;

lower lip of the corol. obovate.
4. U. setacea : scape filiform rooting, 2 — 3-flowered ;

upper lip of the corolla ovate ; lower distinctly 3-

lobed ; spur sub-conical, shorter than the lower lip.
HAB. Overflowed swamps. June. If. Scap. 4—6 pi.,

rooting in the mud; flowers mostly two, very small ;

spur rather obtuse,
o. U. gibba: floating; scape generally 2-flowered ; spur

shorter than the lower lip of the corolla, obtuse,

gibbous in the middle.
HAB. In ponds. July. If. Roots dichot., with few

utric. ; scape 2 — 3 in. ; lips of the corol. roundish.
Q, U. cornuta : scape rooting, erect, rigid ; flowers 2 — 3.

subsessile ; inferior lip of the corolla very wide, 3-

lobed ; spur very acute, porrected.
HAB. On wet calcareous rocks. Aug. — Sept. If. Scape

1 ft., rooting in the mud, bracteolate ; fl. approx.

large ; palate very prominent.
7. U. striata : floating ; scape 2 — 3-flowered ; upper lip

of the corolla ovate-round, sub-emarginate, waved

on the margin ; lower lip 3-lobed, reflexed at the

sides ; spur straight, obtuse, shorter than the lower

lip.
HAB. In swamps. June. If.. Stems with few submerged

branches; cor. yellow, much expanded, striate with

red.

. purpurea : scapes axillary, generally 1 -flowered :

involucrum 0; lower lip of the corolla 3-lobed:

lateral lobes cucullate on the under side ; spur com-
pressed, half as long as the corolla.
HAB. Ponds on mountains. Aug. If. Stems very long ;

scapes often by pairs ; corolla purple !

1G. LYCOPUS. Water Horehound. Labiates.

I. L. europeus /3. august if alius : smooth; stem acutely
quadrangular ; leaves narrow-lanceolate, with large
acute teeth ; lower ones somewhat pinnatifid ; seg-
ments of the calyx acuminate, terminating in short
spines,
HAB. Wet meadows and ditches. Aug. ©. Root crop
ing ; stem 1 — 2/*., much branched ; leav. puncticul. ;
fl. verticill. crowded, white.

: L. virifinicus : leaves broad-lanceolate, serrate.

22 DIANDRIA.— MONOGYNIA.

row and entire at the base ; calyx shorter than the
seed, spineless.
HAB. Shady, wet places. Aug. If. Stem 1 — 1^ ft. ;
nearly simple, with obtuse angles ; leaves coarsely ser-
rate, purplish beneath.
3. L. uniflorus : plant small ; root tuberous ; stem sim-
ple ; leaves oval, obtuse, obsoletely toothed ; axils
1 -flowered.

II AB. Aug. If.. Root tuberous ; stolans leafy ; stem

2 — 3 in. ; leaves petiolate.

17. CUNILA. Labial.

C. mariana : leaves ovate, sessile, serrate ; corymbs

axillary and terminal ; dichotomous.
IIAB. On hills. Aug. — Sept. V. Leav. oppos.. punctate ;

cor. pink : stam. exserted.

18. HEDEOMA. Wild Pennyroyal. Labiate.

II. pulegioides : leaves oblong, remotely serrate:
peduncles axillary, numerous.

HAB. Dry hills and woods. July — Aug. {•). Plant aro-
matic ; fl. subverticillate t pale blue.

19 MONARDA.

* Calyx nearly eqi^al.

1. M. didyma : leaves ovate, acuminate, subcordate.
somewhat hairy ; flowers in simple or proliferous
heads ; exterior bracts large, coloured, lanceolate.
HAB. River banks. July — Aug. 11. Stem quadrang.
somewhat pubescent ; flowers large, scarlet.
jS. angustifolia : leaves ovate-lanceolate, acuminate,
and with the stem, pubescent.
IIAB. Boggy woods. July. If. Stem more slender; heads
rarely proliferous ; leaves of en attenuate at the base.
?. M. oblongata : pubescent; heads simple; exterior
bracts ovate ; calyx short, with the throat bearded,
teeth divaricate ; stem obtuse-angled, hairy above ;
leaves oblong-lanceolate, rounded at the base.
HAB. Rocky situations. July. If. Stem 2 — 3 ft. much
branched ; flowers flesh-colour ; bracts coloured.
3. M. clinopodia : smooth; heads small, simple, termi-
nal ; exterior bracts broad-ovate, acute, entire,
almost smooth ; calyx short, ciliate ; corolla pubes-

DIANDRIA.— MONOGYNIA. &

cent, slender ; leaves ovate-oblong, acuminate,

serrate, a little hairy ; stem obtuse-angled, smooth.
HAB. Dry gravelly soil. July— *5ept. If. Fl. yellow, with

purple specks.
M. Jistulosa : nearly smooth ; heads simple or proli-
ferous, leafy; exterior bracts oblong, acute, glabrous ;

calyx long, bearded ; corolla hirsute ; leaves ovate,

acuminate, serrate ; petioles long, ciliate ; stem

smooth, obtuse-angled.
II AB. Among rocks, on river banks. Aug. If . Stem 2 ft. ,

branched ; flowers small, in dense heads, purplish,

sometimes proliferous.
M. punctata : somewhat smooth ; flowers verticillate ;

bracts lanceolate, coloured, longer than the whorl ;

leaves lanceolate-oblong, remotely serrate ; stem

obtuse -angled, white, downy.
HAB. In sandy fields. Sept. If. • $ • Stem branched, 2 — 3

ft. ; leaves punctate ; fl. yellow, dotted with brown.

* * Calyx bilabiate.

M. hirsuta : whole plant very hairy ; flowers small,
verticillate ; bracts attenuated into awns ; upper
teeth of the calyx very short, the others setiform ;
leaves ovate, on long petioles, serrate.

HAB. On mountains. August. If' Much branched, and
almost woolly ; fl. pale blue, spotted with purple :
upper lip very short.

20. SALVIA.

. S . urticifolia : viscous and villous; leaves ovate-
oblong, toothed, narrowed into a petiole at the base ;
calyx 3-cleft ; the upper division 3-toothed.
HAB. On mountains. June. If. Leaves punctate beneath :
spikes naked; whorls remote ; fl. blue.
. S. lyrata : radical ieaves lyrate-sinuate ; stem nearly
leafless, retrorsely hairy ; upper lip of the corolla
very short.
HAB. Fields and borders of woods. June. If. Stem a
foot high, very hairy ; whorls about 6-fl. ; cor. blur.
i. S. Claytoni : leaves cordate-ovate, sinuate, toothed.
rugose ; teeth of the upper lip of the calyx conni
vent.
HAB. June— Oct. £ and y.. FL violet.

24 DIANDRIA.— MONOGYNIA.

21. COLLINSONIA. Horse-weed. Labiatce.
C. canadensis : leaves broad-cordate, ovate, glabrous ;

teeth of the calyx short, subulate ; panicle terminal.

compound.
HAB. Among rocks, in rich soil. Aug. V-. Smooth:

leaves on long or short footstalks ; fl. dull yellow.

22. CIRCiEA. Enchanter's nightshade. Onagroz.
1. C. lutetiana (Z. canadensis: stem erect ; leaves ovate,
remotely toothed, opaque, nearly smooth.
HAB. Shady woods. July— Aug. It. Stem 1—2 feet
high, simple ; fl. in racemes, pedicellate, reddish-
white ; fruit hispid.
I. C.alpina: stem branched, very smooth, often pro-
cumbent ; leaves broad-cordate, membranaceous,
acutely toothed, shining.
HAB. On barks of trees and wet mossy rocks. Aug. %.
Very s?nooth, 6 — 8 in high ; leaves very broad, sub-
diaphanous ; fruit pubescent.

23. LEMNA. Duck's-meat. Naiades.

1. L. trisulca: fronds thin, elliptical-lanceolate, caudate

at one extremity, at the other serrate, ; roots solitary.
HAB. Pure stagnant waters. 0. Fronds laterally proli-
ferous, and appearing cruciate ; root a solitary fibre,
caiyptrate at the extremity.

2. L. minor : fronds nearly ovate, compressed ; roots

solitary.
HAB. Stagnant waters. ©. Fronds a line or a line and a
half long, succulent, aggregated.

3. L. gibba : fronds obovate, nearly plane above, hemis-

pherical beneath ; roots solitary.

HAB. Stagnant waters. 0. Fronds as large as the prece-
ding, gibbous, pellucid and reticulated beneath.
I. L. polyrrhiza : fronds obovate-roundish, compressed ;
roots numerous, fasciculate.

HAB. On stagnant waters, often with No. 2. ©. 3 — 4
lines long, rarely proliferous.

24. CRYPTA. Portulaceaz.

C. minima.

HAB. Borders of ponds, and banks of rivers. ? Aug,
minute, Prostrate and creeping, with the branches
assurgent; leaves oppos. cuneate ; fl. minute, axill.

TRIANDRIA.— MONOGYNIA.

TRIANDRIA.

MONOGYNIA.

* Flowers superior.
t Complete.

16. FEDIA. Cal. 1-leaved, 3 — 6-toothed. Cor. mono
petalous, equally 5-cleft. Caps, crowned with the
persistent calyx, 3-celled, only one of the cell?
usually fertile.

1 1 Incomplete.

26. IRIS. Cor. 6-parted ; 3 of the segments reflexed, the
others erect or connivent. Style short, or 0. Stig. 3,
petaloid, covering the stamens. Caps. 3-celled, many
seeded.

21. LACHNANTHES. Cal. superior, petaloid, externally
hirsute, deeply 6-parted, nearly equal. Style de-
clining; stig. minutely 3-lobed. Caps, globose
3-celled ; cells 3 — 6-seeded.

* * Flowers inferior.
| Complete.

28. COMMELINA. Cal. 3 leaved. Cor. 3-petalled.,S'ta//<

6 ; 3 — 4 sterile, and furnished with cruciform glands.
Caps. 3-celled, 3-valved, one of the valves often
abortive.

29. XYRIS. Fl. in a roundish or oblong head. Cal. glum

aceous, cartilaginous, 3-valved. Cor. 3-petalled.
equal. Stig. 3-cleft. Caps. 1 -celled, 3-valved.

t | Incomplete.

30. SCHOLLERA. Spath 1 -flowered, Anth. of 2 forms. Cor,

tube very long ; limb deeply 6-parted. Caps. 1 -celled

11. HETERANTHERA. Cal. a spath. Cor. tube long

and slender; border 6-parted, equah Jfart. of 2 forms.

26 TRIANDRIA.— MONOGYNIA.

Caps. 3-celled, many-seeded, opening at the angles '
dissep. contrary.

32. SISYRINCHIUM. Spath. 2-leaved. Cor. 6-petalled,

flat, equal. Stam. cohering below. Stig. 3-cleft. Caps.
3-celled.

* * * Flowers glumaceous.

33. KYLLINGIA. Fl. distinct, disposed in a roundish,

sessile, subimbricated spike. Cal. 2-valved, 1 -flower-
ed. Cor. 2-valved, longer than the calyx.

34. SCIRPUS. Glum. 1-valved, 1 -flowered, imbricated
on all sides. Cor. 0.

35. SCHCENUS. Glum, fascicled into a spike, paleace-

ous ; the inferior ones empty. Cor. 0. Style decidu-
ous. Seed 1, (mostly naked at the base.)

36. RHYNCHOSPORA. Glum, fascicled into a spike;

the inferior ones empty. Cor. 0. Seed 1, crowned
with the persistent style ; base surrounded with
bristles.

37. MARISCUS. Fl. distinct, in a somewhat imbricated

spike. Cal. 2-valved, unequal, 3-flowered. Cor.
1-valved. Style 3-cleft. Seed triquetrous.

38. DULICHIUM. Spikes somewhat racemose, axillary j

spikelets linear-lanceolate^ rather compressed. Glum.
distichous, sheathing. Cor. 0. Style very long, bifid ;
base persistent. Seed with bristles at the base.

39. CYPERUS. Spikelets compressed, distinct. Glum.

imbricated in two rows. Cor. 0. Style deciduous.
Seed 1. naked.

40. ERIOPHORUM. Glum. 1-valved, imbricated on all

sides into a spike. Cor. 0. Seed surrounded with long
dense wool.

11. FUIRENA. Glum, awned, imbricated on all sides into

a spike. Cor. 3-valved, petaloid ; valves cordate,
awned, unguiculate.

12. CENCHRUS. Involuc. laciniate, echinate, including

about 2 spikelets. Cal. 2-valved, 2-flowered ; the
inferior fl. sterile, the other perfect. Cor. awnless.
Style 2-cleft.

13. SPARTINA. Fl. in unilateral spikes, imbricated in

2 rows. Cal. 2-valved, compressed, unequal. Cor.
2-valved, awnless, unequal. Nect. collateral.

TRIANDRIA.— DIGYNIA. 27

44. ORYZOPSIS. Cal. 1-flowerecl, 2-valved ; valves
membranaceous, nearly equal, loose, obovate.
awnless. Cor. 2-valved, coriaceous, cylindrical-ovate,
hairy at the base ; the inferior valve awned at tip.
JVect. linear, elongated.

DIGYNIA.

A. Flowers all perfect.

| Spikelets 1-Jlowered.

* Cal. 0.

15. LEERSIA. Cal. 0. Cor. 2-valved, closed ; valves
compressed, boat-shaped. JVect. obovate, entire,
collateral.

* * Cal. 2-valved.
a. Cor. without abortive rudiments at the base.
1, Glumes and corolla of dissimilar texture ; the inferior
valve involving the superior.

«. Cor. unarmed.

16. PASPALUM. Ft. in unilateral spikes. Cal, 2-valved,

membranaceous, equal, nearly orbicular. Cor. carti-
laginous, of the size and form of the calyx. Stig.
plumose, coloured. JVect. collateral.

17. MILIUM. Cal. 2-valved, herbaceous. Cor. 2-valved.

coviaceous, oblong, concave, shorter than the calyx,
awnless. Seed 2-hornecl. JVect. collateral.

/3. Cor. armed or bristled at the tip.

48. PIPTATHERU >. Cal. membranaceous, longet than

the corolla. Cor. cartilaginous, elliptical ; inferior
valve awned at the tip. Nect. ovate, entire. Seed
coated.

19. STIPA. Cal. 2-valved, membranaceous. Cor. 2-
valved, shorter than the calyx, coriaceous, involute,
subcylindric ; awn terminal, contorted near the base.
Seed coated.

">0. AR1STIDA. Cal. 2-valved, membranaceous, une-
qual. Cor. 2-valved, pedicellate, subcylindric ; in-

IB TRIANDRIA.— DIGYNIA.

ferior valve coriaceous, involute, 3-awned at the
tip ; superior valve very minute, or obsolete. JVect.
collateral.

.. Glumes and corolla of nearly similar texture, often ca-
rinate.

cc. Panicle more or less spreading.

51.MUHLENBERGIA. Cal. very minute, 2-valved,
truncate, unequal. Cor. 2-valved, hairy at the base ;
inferior valve terminating in a slender bristle.

52. TRICHODIUM. Cal. 2-valved ; valves nearly

equal, serrulate on the keel. Cor. 1-valved, smaller
than the calyx. Stig. nearly sessile.

53. AGROSTIS. Cal. 2-valved, 1 -flowered, com-

pressed, herbaceous. Cor. 2-valved, membra-
naceous, generally larger than the calyx, often hairy
at the base. JVect. collateral. Seed coated.

54. CINNA. Cal. 2-valved, compressed, nearly equal.

Cor. linear, compressed, shortly stipitate, naked at
the base ; inferior valve enclosing the superior, with
a short awn near the summit.

55. POLYPOGON. Cal. 2-valved, 1 -flowered ; valves

nearly equal, terminating in a bristle. Cor. 2-val-
ved, shorter than the calyx ; the inferior valve ter-
minating in a bristle.

56. TRICHOCHLOA. Cal. 2-valved, 1-flowered ;

glumes very minute. Cor. much larger than the
calyx, 2-valved, naked at the base ; inferior valve
convolute at the base, terminating in a long awn
not articulated.

57. ARUNDO. Cal. 2-valved, unequal, membranaceous.

surrounded with hair at the base ; inferior valve
mucronate or slightly awned ; superior valve some-
times with a pencil-form rudiment at the base.
/3. Panicle more or less contracted into a spike.

■3'8. PSAMMA. Cal 2-valved, awnless. Cor. shorter than
the calyx, surrounded with hairs at the base. JVect.
linear-lanceolate, longer than the seed. Style 3-
parted ; stig. 3.

39. CRYPSIS. Cal. valved, membranaceous, carinate.
Cor. longer than the calyx, which it resembles in
texture and form. Stam. 2—3. JVect. 0.

TRIANDRIA.— DIGYNIA. 2d

60. ALOPECURUS. Cal. 2-valved, equal ; glum, gene-
rally connate at the base. Cur. 1-valved, utriculate,
cleft on one side, awned below the middle. Styles
often connate.

Sl.PHLEUM. Cal. 2-valved, much longer than the
corolla ; glumes equal, boat shaped, rostrate or
mucronate. Cur. 2-valved, included in the calyx,
awnless, truncate.

C. Cor. with 1 or 2 abortive rudiments of Jlorets at th'
base.

1. Glumes and corolla of dissimilar texture.

62. CYNODON. Spike* digitate and fascicled. Fl. uni-

lateral, in a simple series. Cal. 2-leaved ; glum.
nearly equal, spreading, acute. Cor. 2- valved ; sup.
valve very narrow, surrounded by the inferior one.
Rudiment minute, pedicellate. Nect. collateral.

63. GYMNOPOGON. Cal. 2-valved, carinate, nearlv

equal, longer than the flower ; valves of the cor.
nearly equal ; the inferior with a straight bristle
a little below the tip. Rudiment aristiform,

2. Glumes and corolla of nearly similar texture.

ol. PHALARIS. Cal. 1 -flowered, . 2-valved, nearly
equal, membranaceous, gibbous on the back, cari-
nate. Cor. 2-valved, coriaceous, hairy at the base,
shorter than the calyx. Rudiments opposite, ses-
sile, resembling valves. Nect. collateral.
.. ANTHOXANTHUM. Cal. 2-valved, 1-flowered.
Cor. 2-valved, with 2 abortive, 1-valved rudiments
at the base ; one of them awned frdm near the
base, the other from near the tip. Stain. 2.
66. BRACHYELYTRUM. Cal. very minute ; inferior
glume scarcely perceptible. Cor. with the inferior
valve terminated by a long bristle ; superior valvr
with a clavate rudiment at the base.
+ t Spikelets many-florvcrcd,
* Florets all perfect.
a. Flowers panicled.

m TRIANDR1A.— DIGYNIA.

1. Corolla unarmed.

37. PHRAGMITES. Cal. 6— 7-flowered. Florets on
villose pedicels, except the lowest, which is sessile
and naked at the base ; inferior valve elongated,
acuminate and involute ; superior valve somewhat
conduplicate.

G8, GLYCERIA. Spikelets terete, elongated. Cal.
many -flowered, shorter than the florets ; inferior
valve of the corolla herbaceo-membranaceous ; su-
perior valve somewhat conduplicate. Nect. collate-
ral, connate. Stig. decompound.

69. UNIOLA. Spikelets compressed, ancipital, many-

flowered. Cal. 2-valved, shorter than the florets.
Cor. 2-valved, awnless ; inferior valve boat-shaped ;
superior valve smaller, concave on the back. Nect.
collateral, emarginate.

70. BRIZA. Spikelets cordate-ovate, many-flowered.

Cal. paleaceous, shorter than the distichous florets.
Cor. ventricose ; inferior valve cordate ; superior
nearly orbicular, very short.

7 1 . POA. Spikelets oblong or linear, compressed, many

flowered. Cal. shorter than the florets. Cor.
herbaceous, awnless, often arachnoid at the base ;
inferior valve scarious on the margin.

2. Corolla more or less setigerous or mucronate.
a. Seed free.

72. KCELERIA. Cal. 2— -4-flowered, shorter than the

florets. Inferior valve of the corolla mucronate, or
with a 'short bristle a little below the tip.

73. URALEPIS. Cal. 2 — 3-flowered, much shorter than

the florets, which are stipitate and distinct. Cor.
2-valved ; valves very unequal, distinctly villose on
the margin ; the inferior tricuspidate ; the central
cusp produced into a short bristle ; superior valve
concave on the back, and incurved. Seed gibbous.,
coated.

74. TR1CUSPIS. S/n'fce/efs terete, tumid, many-flowered.

Calyx 2-valved, carinate, shorter than the florets.
Inferior valve of the Cor. tricuspidate by the pro-
jecting carina and margins ; base and sides villous ;
superior valve emarginate. Nect. obtuse, entire,

TRIANDRIA.— DIGYNIA, 31

/3. Seed adnate.

15. FESTUCA. Spikelets often more or less terete, at
length compressed, many-flowered. Cal. unequal,
carinate, shorter than the florets. Cor. somewhat
terete ; superior valve acute, mucronate, or with a
short bristle at the tip ; superior valve bidentate.

76. CERATOCHLOA. Spikelets lanceolate, subancipi-

tal, many-flowered. Cal. shorter than the imbri-
cated florets. Inferior valve of the corolla com-
pressed, mucronate below the tip ; superior valve
somewhat conduplicate. Style 2 — 3-parted.

77. DIARRHENA. Cal. 2-valved, very unequal, 2—5-

flowered, rigid ; glumes acuminate, mucronate.
Cor. cartilaginous ; inferior valve entire, broader ;
superior valve much shorter, emarginate. Seed
coated, as long as the superior valve of the corolla.
Ned. ovate, ciliate.

78. DACTYLIS. Spikelets aggregated in an unilateral

head, many-flowered. Cal. shorter than the florets :
one of the glumes larger, carinate and pointed.
Inferior valve of the cor. carinate, emarginate, mu-
cronate ; superior valve somewhat conduplicate.

). Corolla more or less bifid, armed between the divisions,
a Utile below the tip.

TO. DANTHONIA. Cal. 2— 5-flowered, longer than the
florets ; glumes cuspidate. Cor. bearded at the
base ; inferior valve 2-toothed, with a twisted awn
between the teeth ; superior valve obtuse, entire.

: J ,0. TRISETUM. Cal. 3 — 5-flowered, membranaceous
as long as the florets. Inferior valve of the corolla
with 2 bristle-form teeth at the tip, awned below the
division of the teeth.

'. I. BROMUS. Spikelets oblong, distichous, manyi
flowered. Cal. shorter than the florets. Inferior
valve of the corolla bind, with a bristle between the
teeth a little below the tip ; superior valve subcon-
iluplicate, ciliate.

4. Inferior valve of the corolla awned on the back.
IRRHENATHERUJf. Cal. membranaceous

flowered, rather shorter than the florets. Inferior

H TRIANDRIA.— DIGYNIA.

floret antheriferous : inferior valve 2-cleft, awned
below the middle. Superior floret perfect ; inferior
valve cleft, unarmed, or with a short awn a little
below the tip.

83. AVENA. Cal. membranaceous, many-flowered,

generally longer than the florets. Cor. mostly
bearded at the base : inferior valve bilaciniate, with
a twisted awn on the back. Seed coated.

84. AIRA. Cal. 2 — 3-flowered, longer than the florets.

Inferior valve of the Cor. eroded or many-toothed,
awned on the back below the middle.

b. Flowers spiked.

1. Calyx l-valved.

35. LOLIUM. Spikelets sessile on a rachis, many-flow-
ered. Calyx of 1 glume. Inferior valve of the
cor. herbaceo-membranaceous, mucronate, or with
a short bristle at the tip.

2. Calyx 2-valved.

SG. ELEUSINE. Spikes digitate, unilateral. Cal. mem-
branaceous^ — 6-flowered ; glumes obtuse,unequal.
Cor. membranaceous, unequal, unarmed ; inferior
valve carinate, the superior concave on the back.
Seed triangular, transversely rugose.

87. TRITICUM. Spikelets sessile on the teeth of the
rachis, 3 — 4-ftowered ; the 2 inferior florets oppo-
site, fertile ; the upper ones often abortive. Glum.
broad, boat-shaped, mucronate or armed. Inferior
valve of the cor. terminating in a bristle ; superior
valve subconcluplicate.

38. AGROPYRON. Spikelets sessile on the teeth of

the rachis, 3 — 9-flowered. Glum, lanceolate,
carinate. Inferior valve of the cor. mucronate, or
terminating in a subulate bristle.

39. SECALE. Spikelets sessile on the teeth of the

rachis, 2 — 3-flowered ; the terminal floret abortive.
Cal. 2-valved ; glumes subulate, opposite, shorter
than the florets. Inferior valve of the Cor. terminat-
ing in a long bristle.
30. ELYMUS. Spikelets 2 or more at each joint of the
rachis^ — 9-flowered. Cr/ttm.(involacruHa) geminate.

TRIANDRIA.— DIGYNIA. 33

subulate. Inferior valve of the Cor. entire, mucro*
nate, of with a short bristle at the tip.

* * Terminal florets abortive, or mere rudiments.

91. MELICA. Cal. 2 — 4-flowered,loose,membranaceous,

Florets as long as the glumes ; one or more of the
superior ones abortive and incomplete. Cor. un-
armed, coriaceo-membranaceous. Nect. connate,
Seed free.

92. ATHEROPOGON. Spikes in an unilateral raceme.

Cal. 2-valved, membranaceous, 2-flowered ; inferior
glume setiform. Perfect floret 2-valved ; inferior
valve 3-toothed, or 3-bristled ; superior valve bifid.
Abortive floret pedicellate, 2-valved, 3-bristled.

B. Flowers polygamous.
| Panicled.

93. PANICUM. Cal. 2-valved, 2-flowered ; the infe-

rior glume often very small. Florets dissimilar;
the lower one abortive or antheriferous, 1 — 2-valved ;
the inferior valve resembling in texture the glumes ;
superior membranaceous. Perfect floret with car-
tilaginous valves, unarmed.

34. HIEROCHLOA. Cal. 2-valved, 3-flowered ; glumes
scarious. Lateral florets antheriferous, triandrous.
Central floret perfect, diandrous, (rarely triandrous.)

15. HOLCUS. Cal. 2-flowered ; glumes membrana-
ceous, somewhat boat-shaped, mucronate. Florets
polygamous ; the inferior perfect, sessile, unarmed ;
superior antheriferous or neuter, pedicellate, awned
on the back near the middle.

1 1 Spiked.
* With an involucrum.
96. SETAR1A. Spikelets with an involucrum of 2 or
more bristles at the base Cal. 2-flowered ; glumes
unequal, herbaceous. Inferior floret abortive, 1 — 2-
valved, herbaceous. Superior floret perfect, with
cartilaginous glumes.

* * Without an involucrum.
DIGITARIA. Spikes linear, unilateral, generally

34 TRIANDRIA.— MONGOYNIA.

digitate or fasciculate. Spikelets by pairs, on shorJ
bifid pedicels. Cal. 1 — 2-valved, 2-flowered ; infe-
rior glume often inconspicuous. Inferior floret
abortive, 1-valved, herbaceous. Superior floret
perfect ; valves coriaceous.

98. ANDROPOGON. Spikelets by pairs, polygamous;
the inferior one abortive, (antheriferous or neuter,)
on a bearded pedicel ; glum, and cor. frequently
very minute or wanting. Superior spikelet sessile,
1 flowered, perfect; glumes subcoriaceous ; cor.
2-valved, shorter than the calyx, membranaceous ;
the inferior valve generally awned.

09. HORDEUM. Spikelets 3 at each joint of the
rachis, 1 -flowered, all perfect, or the lateral ones
abortive. Glum, lateral, subulate. — Perfect fl. :
Cor. 2-valved ; inferior valve terminating in a bris-
tle. Seed coated.

TRIGYNIA.

100. HOLOSTEUM. Cal. 5-leaved, coloured within.

Pet 5, 2-parted. Caps. I -celled, bursting at the
summit.

101. MOLLUGO. Cal. 5-leaved, coloured within,

Cor. 0. Capsule 3-celled, 3-valved.

102. LECHEA. Cal 3-leaved. Pet. 3. Style ; stig.

plumose. Caps, 3-celled, 3-valved, with as many
interior valves opposite the others ; cells 1-seeded.

103. PROSERPINACA. Cal. superior, 3-parted, per-

sistent. Cor. 0. Nut bony, triquetrous, 3-celled.

TRIANDRIA.

MOMOGYNIA.

25. FEDIA. Valerianae.

F. radiata : leaves spathulate-oblong, nearly entire ;

fruit pubescent, somewhat 4-sided, naked at the top.
HAB. In fields. May. ©. Stem dichotomous, mostly

erect ; fl. blue, infastigiate corymbs.

TRIANDRIA.— MONOGYNIA. 3*

26. IRIS. Flag. Flower-de-lace. Iridece.

i. I. versicolor: flowers beardless; stem terete, more
or less flexuous ; germen somewhat triangular ;
leaves ensiform.

et. sulcata : stem slightly compressed ; interior petals
longer than the stigmas ; germen with the angles
distinctly sulcate ; the sides concave ; capsule
oblong, ventricose ; angles indistinctly furrowed.

/3. communis : stem erect, distinctly flexuous ; leaves
narrow-ensiform ; interior petals a little shorter
than the stigmas ; angles of the germen not grooved
when young ; sides deeply concave ; capsule cylin-
drical-oblong.

HAB. In water. May — June. If.. Root large, creeping ;
2 — 3 ft. high ; ft. blue, variegated with yell.
9. I. virginica ; flowers beardless ; stem solid, terete ;
leaves very long and narrow ; capsule elongated,
prismatic, acute at each end.

HAB. Swamps. June. %.Stem 3— 5ft. high, slender;
leav. half an in. broad ; angles of the germ, deeply
grooved.
>. I. lacustris: flowers without a bearded crest; leaves
ensiform, much longer than the 1 -flowered scape ;
petals nearly equal, attenuated on the tube ; capsule
turbinate, 3-sided, margined ; roots tuberous.
HAB. Gravelly shores of 1. ikes. June. Leaves 3-5 in.
long; scape very short, compressed ; pet. emarginate.

27. LACHNANTHES. Hcemodoracece.

\a. tinctoria.

HAB. Sandy swamps, in pine barrens. July. %. Root

red, fibrous ; stem 2-ft. high simple, woolly above ; ft.

corymbose, woolly, yellow within.

28. COMMELINA. Day-flower. Commelinece.
V. C. angustifolia : assurgent, slender, rather smooth;
petals unequal, (one very minute ;) leaves linear-
lanceolate ; bracts peduncled, short-cordate.
li VB. Borders of swamps. June. V-. Leaves sheathing,
riliate at the throat ; bracts subfalcate ; ft. blue :
fertile stam. 2.
' '. virginica : petals nearly equal ; stem erect, a little

36 TRIANDRIA.— MONOGYNIA.

pubescent ; leaves long-lanceolate, subpetiolate ;
throat bearded.
HAB. Shady woods. July. If.. Stem 2 ft. high ; leave?
sometimes ovate-lanceolate ; fertile stam. 3.

29. XYRIS. Yellow-eyed grass. Juncea.
1. X. caroliniana : leaves linear, grass-like; scape
ancipitous ; head ovate, rather acute ; scales round.
HAB. Swamps, and wet sandy places. July — Aug. 2/.
Scape erect simple, 1 ft. high ; fi. yell, in a small
scaly head.
3. X. brevifolia : leaves subulate-ensiform, short ; head
nearly globose ; interior valves of the calyx shorter
than the exterior, slightly notched.
HAB. Wet places. V-. Scape 12 — 18 in. high, com-
pressed above ; leaves twisted.

30. SC HOLLER A. Narcissi.

S. graminea.

HAB. In flowing water. July — Aug. 2{. Floating;

stem slender, dichotomous ; leaves gramineous ; fi .

small, yellow, solitary; stam. 4, one of them abortive.

3 1 . HETERANTHERA. JVarcissi.
H. reniformis : leaves orbicular-reniform ; spath

oblong, acuminate, 2 — 3-flowered.
HAB. Overflowed banks of rivers. July — Aug. V-.

Stem portly floating ; leaves petiolate ; fi. white,

evanescent.

32. SISYRINCHIUM. Blue-eyed grass. Index.
i. S.anceps: scape ancipitous, winged, simple, nearly
leafless ; spath about 4-flowered, unequal, shorter
than the flowers ; petals mucronate.
HAB. In wet meadows. May — June. %. Stem slender:
leaves grass-like ; fl. small, blue ; caps, globose.
*. S. mucronatum : scape simple, winged ; scape colour-
ed ; one of the valves extended into a long marces-
cent point.
HAB. In sandy fields. June — July. Ccspitose: spath
unequal, coloured ; fi. blue.

TRIANDRIA.— MONOGYNIA. 31

33. KYLLINGIA. Cyperoidece.

K. monocephala : stem filiform, 3-angled ; head
globose, sessile ; involucrum 3-leaved, very long.

HAB. — If. Root creeping; clum 3-12 in, high;
head solitary.

34. SCIRPUS. Club-rush. Cyperoidece.

* Seed surrounded with bristles at the base.

t Style articulated to the seed; base dilated and persistent
Seed often lenticular. [Spike solitary.)

%. S. tenuis: culm very slender, quadrangular; spike

elliptical, acute at each end ; glumes Ovate, obtuse ;

stamens 3 ; style 3-cleft ; seed rugose.

HAB, Wet places. July — Aug. U • Culmnaked, 8 — 12

in. high ; head brown; bristles 2-3, sometimes wanting.

2. S. glaucus : culm many-angled, glaucous ; spike ovate.

acute ; glumes ovate, obtuse, or emarginate ; stamens
3 ; style 2-cleft.
HAB. Borders of salt marshes. July. U . Culm slender,
lft. high; spike brownish ; bristles 4.

3. S. palustris : culm terete, inflated ; spike oblong-

lanceolate ; glumes somewhat obtuse ; seed roundish,
punctate and rugose ; bristles scabrous.
HAB. Wet places. June. If. Cespitose ; culm 1-2
ft. high, sheathed at the base, leafless; seed crowned
with a conical tubercle.
■♦ S. capitatus : stem terete, or somewhat compressed :
spike ovate, obtuse ; seed oval, compressed, smooth.
HAB. Wet places. July — Aug. If. Cespitose ; culm
attenuated below the spike ; spike often globose ; bris-
tles 6.
>. S. acicularis : culm setaceous, quadrangular ; spike
ovate, acute, 3 — 6-flowered ; glumes somewhat ob-
tuse ; stamens 3 ; style bifid ; seed obovate.
HAB. Border of ponds. June — July. If. Culm
almost hair-like ; inf. glume empty , large ; seed stri-
ate; bristles 4.
f}. S. pusillus : culm compressed and a little angular;
spike ovate, compressed ; seed obovate ; stamen*
Btyle 2— 3-cleft.

D

33 TRIANDRIA.— MONOGYNIA,

HAB. In salt marshes. July — Aug. If. An inch high,
growing in patches, like moss.

7. S. intermedins: culms cespitose, quadrangular, sul-

cate ; spike ovate-oblong, acute ; glumes rather
acute ; stamens 3 ; style 2-cleft ; seed broad-obo-
vate, compressed ; tubercle distinct.
HAB. Muddy banks of rivers. Sept. If . Ascending,
3 — 4 i n , high ; bristles 6 ; tubercle very minute.

8. £. planifolius : culm triquetrous ; radical leaves flat;

nearly equalling the culm ; spike terminal, oblong,
compressed, shorter than the cuspidate bracts at the
base.
HAB. Begs and wet woods. May — June. If. Cespi-
tose ; leaves carinate ; spike 6-Jl. yellowish ; inf.
glumes very large, hracte.iform.

9. S. subterminalis : culm floating, sulcate, inflated, leafy

below ; spike solitary, somewhat terminal, lanceo-
late ; style 2-cleft ; seed triquetrous.
HAB. Ponds and rivulets. Aug. If. Whole plant,
except the spike, under water ; culm, when dry, much
roughened by the contracting medulla ; leaves chan-
nelled.

10. S. cespitosus, /3. callosus : culm cespitose, terete ;

spike ovate, few-flowered ; glumes thickened and
cartilaginous at the tips ; the inferior ones bractei-
form, as long as the spike ; sheaths with rudiments
of leaves.
HAB. On high mountains. July. If . A span high ;
culm with imbricated sheaths at the base ; spikes yel-
lowish ; bristles 6.

t t Style filiform , not bearded, deciduous.

11. S. americanus: culm nearly naked, triquetrous;
sides concave ; spikes lateral, (1 — 5,) ovate, con-
glomerate, sessile ; glumes round-ovate, mucro-
nate ; seed triquetrous, acuminate.
HAB. In salt marshes, and on the banks of rivers,
July— Aug. U . Culm 3-5 feet high, sometimes leafy
at base.
12. S. debilis: culms cespitose, deeply striate ; spikes
about 3, lateral, ovate, sessile ; glumes ovate,
obtuse, mucronate.

TRIANDRIA.— MONOGYNIA. 39

IIAB. Borders of ponds. Aug. — Sept. 2J. A foot
high; leaves few, subulate; spikes turgid; seed
obovate ; bristles 4 — 5.

13. S. lacustris: culm terete, attenuated above, naked ;

panicle subterminal ; spikes peduncled, ovate.
HAB. Ponds and river marshes. June. If.. Culm
4 — 8 ft. high , sheathed at the base ; spike subpani-
tied ; glum, ovate, subpubescent ; seed obovate.

14. S. acutus: culm terete, (not attenuated,) spotted ;

peduncles numerous, sublateral ; spikes oblong ;

glumes pubescent, mucronate.
HAB. Ponds and wet swamps. June — July. If.

Culm 4 ft. high, with oblong brown spots ; panicle

proliferous ; glum, dilated, carinate.
\h. S. atrovirens: culm triangular, leafy ; cyme termi-
nal, compound, proliferous ; involucrum 3-leaved ;

spikes conglomerate, ovate, acute ; glumes ovate.

mucronate, pubescent.
HAB. Wet meadows. June— July. If. Culm obtusely

triang. 2 ft. high ; involuc. long ; .spikes dark green,

in heads of 10 — 12.

16. S. brunneus: culm leafy, obtusely triangular ; cyme

decompound ; involucrum 3 — 4-leaved ; spike
round-ovate, clustered in about sixes ; glumes
ovate, obtuse.
HAB. In water. Aug.— Sept. If. Culm 2— 3ft.
high ; leaves long ; spike brow?i ; seed longer thai,
the bristles.

17. S. tnacrostachyos : culm triquetrous, leafy ; corymb

clustered ; involucrum about 3-leaved, very long ;.
spikes oblong ; glumes ovate. 3-cleft ; the middle
segment sububite and reflexed ; style 3-cleft.
HAB. In salt marshes and ditches. July — Aug. If.
Culm 3 — Aft. high ; spikes 6 — 10, very large.

Style filiform, deciduous. Bristles much longer than
the seed.

10. S. Eriophorum : culm obtusely triangular, le;m
pimicle decompound, proliferous, nodding ; spikes
all pedunculate ; bristles surrounding the seed
exserted.
HAB. Swamps. Aug. If. Culm 4—5 ft. high ; in-

40 TRIANDRIA.— MONOGYNIA,

voluc. leafy, very long; panic, much divided ; spike*
small, ovate, woolly when ripe.
19. S. lineatus: culm triquetrous, leafy ; panicle termi-
nal and lateral, decompound, at length nodding ;
involucrum 1 — 2-leaved ; spikes ovate ; glumes
lanceolate, somewhat carinate ; bristles longer
than the seed.
HAB. Swamps. Aug. If.. Culm 2— 3 ft. high; leaves
subdistichous ; pan. at first erect; bristles inter*
woven.

* * Seed naked at the base.

f Style simple at the base, not articulated to the seed,
deciduous.
•0. S. subsquarrosus : culm triquetrous, nearly naked,
incurved ; spikes 3, nearly terminal, ovate ; glumes
somewhat squarrose at the tip ; involucrum 2-
leaved, very long, unequal.
HAB. Banks of rivers. Aug.©? Cespitose, about
2 in. high, almost setaceous; spikes turgid, crowded ,-
glum, ovate, carinate.

21 . S. capillaris : culm nearly naked, triquetrous, ca-

pillary ; spikes ovate ; 2-3 of them pedunculate,
with an intermediate sessile one.
HAB. Sandy fields. Aug. © ? A span high, cespi-
tose ; leaves setaceous, short, serrulate ; spikes
brownish, subumbellate.

22. S. autumnalis: culm compressed, ancipitous ; umbel

compound ; involucrum 2-leaved ; spikes lanceo-
late, acute, somewhat 4-sided.
HAB. Boggy grounds. July — Oct. If. Culm 8-12
in. high ; leaves long ; umbel loose ; glumes ovate f
mucronate, carinate.

\ j Style bulbous and compressed at the base, ciliate on the
margin.

23. S. ferrugineus: culm compressed, scabrous above ;

involucrum unequally ciliate ; spikes lanceolate,
acute, nearly terete ; glumes pubescent.
HAB. In wet or dry situations. Aug. Culm 2 in.
— 2 ft. high ; leaves channelled, long ; umbel mostly
simple, with elongated rays; spikes brown.

TRrANDRIA.— MONOGYNIA. 4 1

M. S. spadiceus: culm compressed, nearly naked ; um-
bel terminal ; involucrum rigid, 2-leaved, one of
the leaves longer than the umbel ; leaves subterete :
spikes ovate-oblong, terete.
IIAEL Salt marshes. Aug. If.. Cespitose, tenacious :
2 ft. high ; culm compressed above; spikes sub-
eylind.y brown.

35. SCHOENUS, Bog-rush-. Cyperoidew.

S. mariscoides : culm terete, or a little sulcate,
leafy ; leaves channelled, semiterete ;- umbel
terminal ; fascicles of spikes 8 on each peduncle .
seed naked, rounded at the base.

I1AB. Bogs. July. V-. Culm 2 ft. high; fascic.
about 12-spiked ; spikelets lanceolate ; glum, ovate.

3G. RHYNCHOSPORA. Cyperoidew.

1. R. alba : spikes in corymbose fascicles ; culm trian-
gular above ; leaves setaceous ; seed somewhai
lenticular ; bristles about 10.
11AB. Bogs and swamps July — Sept. If. Fasc.
axill. and terminal, bracteatc ; glum, white ; seed sub-
stipitate.

I. li.fusca: culm triquetrous ; leaves linear, carinate ,
fascicles of spikes alternate, pedunculate ,\ spikes
ovate ; glumes ovate, brown ;. seed ovate, with an-
acute black tubercle.
H.AB. Bogs. If. Culm 2 ft. high; glum, mucronate
seed brown, rugose.

>. R. glomerata : spikes in corymbose fascicles, very-
distant, by pairs ; culm obtusely triangular ; leaves
flat ; seed obovate-cuneiform, very smooth, as long
as the tubercle.
1IAB. Swamps and bogs. July — Sept. Culm leafy,
leav. carinate; spik. lat. and-tp.rm. : glum, brown,.

f. R. capillacca • spikes 3. — 5, nearly terminal ; culm
triquetrous, somewhat leafy ; leaves setaceous ;
seed stipitate, a little rugose.
HYB.. Sandy swamps. July. If. Jl span high,
glum, brown ; bristles 6, longer than the seed.

i. R. sparsa: culm triquetrous, leafy ; corymbs axillary
and terminal, compound, loose 1 peduncles capillary ,

ft 2

\i TRIANDRIA.— MONOGYN! A,

seed obovate, rugose, much longer than the tu-
bercle. •

HAB. Bogs. July 1/. Panicles spreading ; the upper
one larger ; glum, brown ; seed white.
u. R. cymosa: culm triquetrous, leafy ; cymes terminal
and axillary ; the terminal one much larger ; seed
round-ovate, compressed, transversely rugose ; tu-
bercle conical.

HAB. Swamps. July. If. A foot or 18 in. high;
involucr. long, 2 — 3-leaved ; tubercle white ; bristles
short.
7. R. laxa: culm triquetrous ; corymbs leafy, decom*
pound,loose ; spikes subulate ; seed obovate, pointed
with the long persistent style.

HAB. River swamps. July. If. Culm 3-6 ft. high;
corymbs very large.

37. MARISCUS. Cyperoidece*.
, M. r etrofr actus : umbel simple; rays long ; spikes
obovate, retro rsely imbricate ; spikelets subulate,
at length bent backward ; involucrum 3-leaved.

HAB. Wet meadows. Aug. — Sept. If . Culm nearly
naked, pubescent; umb. 6 — 8 rayed.
\ M. ovularis : umbel simple ; rays short ; spikes
globose ; flowers spreading.

HAB. Boggy grounds. July — Aug. If. Root bul-
bous ; culm 6-18 in. high; spikes 3-5-1 ; middh
one sessile.

j3. tenellus: culm acutely triangular, slender ; invo-
lucrum 3 — 5-leaved ; 3 of the leaves many times
longer than the umbel.

HAB. Sea-coast. Aug. A foot high; heads of 10-
1 2 spikelets. .

38: . DULICHIUM. Cyperoideaz.

O.spathaceum: culm terete; leaves spreading in

3 directions ; spikelets spreading.
HAB. Wet places. Aug. — Sept. U. Culm very leafy,

terete below ; ochrece cylind. ; racemes axillary.

39. CYPERUS. Cyprus-grass. Cyperoideaz.
\. C. infieccus: umbel 2 — 3-rayed, or conglomerate and
simple ; involucrum 3-leaved, very long ; spikeletsv

" ¥ RIANDRIA.— MONOGYNIA. 43

collected into ovate heads, oblong, 8-flowered ;[
glumes squarrose at the tip.

HAB. Banks of rivers. Aug. — Sept. £ ? 2 — 3 in.
high ; odorous ; heads many-Jl. ; glum, striate, yellow-
ish.
8, C. flavescens : spikes linear-lanceolate, in fascicles oi
3 — 4; glumes obtuse ; style 2-cleft ; seed lenticular ;
involucrum 3-leaved, longer than the spikes.

HAB. Boggy grounds. Aug. — Sept. y . A span
high ; spikelets 14-20-Jl., yellowish.
3. C. Kuttallii: culm acutely triangular ; umbel radiate,
or nearly sessile, loose ; rays short ; involucrum
4-leaved ; 2 of the leaves very long ; spikelets
linear-lanceolate, compressed, acute ; stamens 2 :
style 2-cleft ; seed oblong, obtuse, compressed.

HAB. Borders of salt-marshes. Aug. — Sept. U .

Cespitose, 5-12 in. high ; spik. very acute; glum.

green and brown ; seed smooth.

\. C. diandrus : culm slender, obtusely triangulav, ;

umbel sessile, or 1 — 2-rayed ; involucrum 3-leaved ;

2 of the leaves much longer than the umbel ;
spikelets lanceolate-oblong, much compressed,
many-flowered (14-16 ;) glumes margined, rather
acute, keeled; stamens 2; style 2-cleft; seed oval*
compressed.

HAB. Salt marshes. Sept. U.. Culm weak, not ces-

pitose ; glum, much compressed, with a brown mar-

gin.

>. C. dentalus: umbel compound, (6-10 rayed;) invor

lucrum 3-leaved, longer than the umbel ; spikelets

3 on each ray, alternate, ovate, compressed, 8-
flowered ; glumes acute, nervose, spreading at the
points ; seed triquetrous.

1JAB. Banks of rivers and sandy swamps. Sept. U .
Root tub. ; spik. appearing dentate, brownish ; some-
times viviparous.
•i. C. erythrorhizos : umbel decompound; involucrum
3-6-leaved, very long; spikes alternate, linear,
horizontal, about 12-flowered, nearly terete ; style
3-cleft ; seed triquetrous.
HAB. Wet places. Aug. — Sept. y. . Root fib. red.
partial umb. naked ; spik. at length terete.
itrigom : spikelets linear, compressed, acute',

14 TRIANDRIA.— MONOGYXIA.

alternate ; glumes lanceolate, nervose ; umbel sim

pie, or compound ; involucrum about 6-leaved.

pubescent on the margin ; root globose.
HAB. Wet grounds. Aug.— Sept. % . 1 — 2 ft. high:

umb. ochreate; spik. 10-12 fi. yellowish.
3. C. tenuis: spikes lanceolate, acute, 10-1 7-flowered ;

umbel simple ; involucrum 3-4-leaved, longer than

the rays ; root tuberous.
HAB. Culm a span high, slender; spik. yellow ; glum.

nervose.
9. C. phymatodes : umbel simple or decompound ; invo

lucrum 3-9-leaved ; 3 of the leaves very long .

peduncles compressed ; spikelets distichous, linear,

the lower one branched, about 15-flowered; sidet

rather convex ; glumes oblong, obtuse ; radicles

tuberous at the extremity.
HAB. Wet sand} r places. Aug. U . Root creeping ;

leav. mostly rad. spreading, carinate ; umb. ochreate.
)0. C. compressus : spikes digitate, somewhat by fours ;

lanceolate ; glumes mucronate, broad, membrana-
ceous.
HAB. Low meadows. U • Culm 3-8 in. high,ob-

(us. triang. ; spik. subsessile, 1 6-27 fi.
iJ. 0. virens : culm acutely triangular ; umbels decom

pound ; spikelets ovate-lanceolate, in compact

heads ; involucrum very long.
HAB. Wet meadows and woods. %. 1 — 2 ft. high :

spik. 16-fi., laterally compressed ; glum, acute.
12. C. mariscoides : umbel simple, or with 1 — 2 rays i

spikelets collected into globose heads, linear,. 7 —

8-flowered ; glumes loose, obtuse.
HAB. In dry situations.. July — Sept. If. Root

tub. ; culm 8 — 1 2 in. long ; head sometimes solitary ,

spik. atfirst terete.
3 C. odoraius : spikelets corymbed, subulate, remote,

distichous ; glumes somewhat distant ; smaller

umbels spreading widely, about the length of then

involucels.
HAB. Banks of rivers. -f-«
1 1, C. flavicomis: culm triquetrous ; umbel compound

spikes linear-lanceolate, 7-flowered ; glumes o v :

tuse ; involucrum very long, reflexed.

TRIANDRIA.— MONOGYNIA. 43

HAB. Boggy woods. If.. Involucr. 5-leav.; spike-
lets distichous, compressed, yellowish; seed black.

40. ERIOPHORUM. Cotton-grass. Cyperoideae.
* Spike solitary*

1. E. alpinum: culm triquetrous, somewhat scabrous,

naked ; leaves very short, subulate, ; spike oblong ;
woolly hairs crisped, few.
HAB. High mountains and bogs. July. If. Culm
8; — 10 in. high, sheathed; glum, oblong-lanc. : hairs
white, very long.

2. E. vaginatum: culm terete below, obtusely triangu-

lar above, smooth and rigid ; sheaths inflated ; spike
oblong-ovate ; glumes scarious ; wool straight,
dense.
HAB. Sphagnous swamps. July. If. Cespitose, a
foot high ; leaves numerous ; glum, livid ; wool
white.

* * Spikes numerous.

3. E. polystachyon : leaves flat, triquetrous at the ex-

tremity ; culm nearly terete ; spikes on scabrous

peduncles, nodding.
HAB. Swamps. July. If. Culm 1 — 2ft. high, leafy :

leav. very long; spik. 9 — 12, subterm. ; wool white

or reddish.
\, E. virginieum: culm nearly terete below, obtusely

triangular above ; leaves flat, very long ; spike?

clustered, erect, nearly sessile,; involucrum 2 — 3-

leaved.
HAB. Swamps. July. Culm 2 — 4 ft. high; spik.

ovate, somewhat umbelled ; wool reddish.
/3. gracile: culm very slender ; leaves almost filiform.
HAB. Cedar swamps. Aug.
'». E. angustifolium : culm somewhat triangular ; leaves

channelled and triquetrous ; peduncles very smooth.
HAB. Wet meadows. If-. A foot or more high ,

leav. very narrow ; spik. 3 — 5 ; wool white.

41. FUIRENA. Cyperoidece.

P. squarrosa : spikes clustered, (5 — 6) ovate ; culm
smooth ; leaves ciliate ; sheaths hairy ; valves ol
ihe corolla cordate-ovate.

fg TRIANDRIA.— x¥ONOGYNIA.

HAB. Bog-meadows. Aug. If. A foot and ahalj

high, angul. ; leav. pubesc. ; spik. lateral and term. ;

brist. 3—4.
Q. pumila : culm pubescent above ; leaves smooth ;

throat of the sheaths hairy ; spikes 1 — 3, terminal.
HAB. Wet sandy places. Aug. Culm 3 — 6 in. high ;

spikes mostly 3 ; pet. ovate-lanceol. ; brist. 3 — 4.

42. CENCHRUS. Burr-grass. Graminece.

C. echinatus : spike with the flowers approximated ;
involucrum subglobose, villose; culm compressed.

HAB. Sandy arid soils. Aug. 0. Erect, or pro-
cumb., 1 — 2 ft. long; involucrum spiny , cartilagi-
nous.

(3. tribuloides : spikes and margin of the sheaths white,
pubescent.

HAB. Sea-coast and near salt-water. Aug. 0. A
foot high ; leav. eonduplicate ; rachis and involucr.
very white.

43. SPARTINA. Marsh-grass. Graminece.

I. S. cynosuroides : spikes numerous, (10 — 40,) pedun-
culate, panicled, spreading; leaves broad, flat, at
length convolute ; calyx with a short awn on one
of the glumes ; style 2-cleft at the summit.
HAB. Salt marshes. Aug. ^. 4— 9 ft. high; leaves
2 — 4 ft. long ; fl. closely imbricate ; style bifid.

i. S. juncea : leaves distichous, convolute, spreading ;
spikes few, 1 — 3, pedunculate ; peduncles smooth ;
corolla rather obtuse ; styles 2.
HAB. Sea coast, and gait marshes. July — Aug. il .
Root creeping ; culm 18 in high, slender, rigid; cal.
very unequal ; anth. purple.

\. S. glabra: leaves concave, erect ; spikes alternate,
sessile, erect, appressed ; corolla nearly smooth on
the keel ; style cleft about half way down.
HAB. Borders of salt-marshes. Aug. — Sept. U
Very smooth, 3—5 ft. high ; spikes 8 — 14; anth.
yellow.

44. ORYZOPSIS. Graminece.
0. asperifolia : culm nearly naked ; leaves erect

TRIANDRIA.— DIGYNIA. 47

rigid, pungent at the point ; flowers in a racemose
panicle.
IIAB. Mountain meadows. Apr. — May. U . Culm
18 in. high; rad. leaves long ; culm leaves few, very
short; pan. very simple; cor. white, hairy ; seed
large, white.

DIGYNIA.

45. LEERSIA. Rice-grass.

L. virginica : panicle simple ; the lower branches

diffuse ; flowers appressed, monandrous, sparingly

ciliate on the keel.
HAB. Wet woods and swamps. Aug. lj. . Culm 2 — 4

ft.high,genicul.; sheaths scabr. ; flowers clasping

the pedicels, punctate.
L. oryzoides : panicle diffuse, sheathed at the base ;

flowers triandrous, spreading ; keel of the glumes

conspicuously ciliate.
HAB. Ditches and swamps. Aug. — Sept. U . Culm

3 — 5 ft. high ; leav. and sheaths very scabr. ; fl.

whitish,

46. PASPALUM.

P. cilidtifolium : culm decumbent ; leaves hairy anol
ciliate; sheath hairy; spikes 1 — 2, rather loose,
indistinctly 3- rowed.
IIAB. Sandy fields. Sept. 4. Afoot and a half
long, simple; term. spik. on a long pedunc. ; jl.
plano-convex , on bifid pedicels ; rack. flex.
P. setacevm : culm erect ; leaves and sheaths villose .

spike generally solitary ; flowers in 2 rows.
HAB. Sandy fields. Sept. U. Culm \— '2 ft. high
simple ; rachis convex on the back.
. P. lave: erect, very smooth ; leaves short; spike*-
numerous, (3—6,) alternate ; flowers 2-rowed,
-inuoth.
HAB. Banks of rivers. Sept.— Oct. u. • 2 ft. high ,
lea*t$ broad-linear ; spik. a Utile spreading; pedi-
fj \-jl. subovate, large.
. r itoloniferum : Bpikes in elongated racemes, -onv

*8 TRIANDRIA.— DIGYN1A.

what verticillate,spreading ; flowers serrulate ciliate,
transversely rugose ; leaves short, subcordate j
culm procumbent at base.
HAB. Cedar swamps. July— Aug. U . Stoloniferous ;
spik. 3—50^. ; fi. alternate.

47. MILIUM. Millet-grass.

4. M. effusum: panicle diffuse, compound; branches
horizontal ; glumes ovate, very obtuse ; corolla
awnless, smooth and shining ; leaves broad-linear.
HAB. Woods. July. U . 5—8/*. high, smooth;
panic, alternate, loose.

3. M. amphicarpon : leaves linear-lanceolate, hairy,
ciliate ; panicle simple, contracted, bearing perfect
flowers ; fertile flowers in solitary, elongated, radi-
cal scapes at length subterraneous.
HAB. Sandy swamps. Aug. — Sept. % . Cespitose r
1 — 2 ft. high, assurgent ; panic, appress., rad.fi. at
length ventricose ; glum, acuminate.

3. M. pungens : culm erect ; leaves lanceolate, very
short, pungent, at length involute ; panicle con-
tracted ; branches generally by pairs, 2-flowered j
flowers awnless, ovate ; corolla hairy.
HAB. Rocky hills. May. % . 12— 18 in. high, ri-
gid ; culm leaves very short; panic, few -fi. ; style
2-parted ; nect. lanceolate.

48. PIPTATHERUM.

P. nigrum: panicle simple ; flowers racemose, ovate-
lanceolate ; corolla black, hairy ; awn as long again
as the valves.

HAB. Mountains and rocky places. Aug. 1J. . Culm
2 — 3 ft. high, leafy; panic, few-fl.fiexuous ; nect.
ovate-lanceolate.

49. STIPA. Feather-grass.

S. avenucea : leaves setaceous ; panicle spreading.

somewhat secund ; branches mostly by pairs, a

little divided ; calyx as long as the seed ; awn

naked.
HAB. Sandy woods. June. ii . 2-ft. high ; leaves

mostly rad. narrow ; cor. stipit. brownish : awn 2 — -

3 in. long.

TRIANDRIA.— DIGYNIA. 1 9

50. ARISTIDA,

A. dichotoma : cespitose ; culm dichotomous ; flowers
racemose-spiked ; lateral awns very short ; the in-
termediate one contorted.

HAB. Fields and dry hills. Sept. 0. 8— 12 in
high, slender; cor. l-vahed ; lat. awns straight.

A. striata : culm and leaves straight, erect ; leaves pu-
bescent ; raceme long, somewhat spiked, crowded :
awns twice as long as the corolla, spreading.

HAB. Sandy soils, y. . Cespitose,2 — oft. high ; /car.
long, convolute at the extrem. ; cor, hairy at base.

A. purpuracens : culm filiform, erect, simple ; leaves
very narrow, flat ; flowers in a long spiked panicle ;
awns nearly equal, twice the length of the corolla,
divaricate.

HAB. Sandy fields and woods. Sept. — Oct. U . 2 ft.
high; leav. filiform at the ext. ; panic. many-fi.>
purple.

51. MUHLENBERGIA.

M. diffusa: culm diffuse, (decumbent;) leaves linear-
lanceolate ; panicle branched, appressed ; awns as
long as the corolla.

HAB. Dry hills and fields. Aug. — Sept. U . Culm
genie, slender; pan. lat. and term.; cal. scarcely
apparent.

52. TRICHODIUM.

T. laxijlorum : culm erect; leaves setaceous, ami
with the sheaths somewhat scabrous ; panicle dif-
fuse, capillary, with Irichotomous branches ; calyx
unequal.
HAB. Dry swnmps and fields. May — June. 11. Jifool
and a half high, filif. ; pun. at length pyramidal,
purplish.
T, scobrum: culm geniculate at the base, assurgent.
branched ; leaves linear-lanceolate, flat, striate, sca-
brou : sheaths mostly smooth ; panicle verticillate
and divaricate ; calyx unequal ; corolla ovate, acute.
'■-iH'i ved.

Dry wgods. Aug.— Sept. )J . 12—18 in.
E

50 TR1ANDRIA.— DIGYNIA.

leaves broad, pale green; panic, concealed at (he
base.

3. T. elatum: culm erect, firm ; leaves narrow-linear,

flat, scabrous ; sheaths smooth ; panicle verticillate
a little spreading ; glumes nearly equal.
HAB. Sanrly swamps. Aug. % . Cespitose,3ft.high,
firm; panic, purp. ; cor. shorter than the calyx.

4. T. montanum: culm cespitose, erect ; leaves invo-

lute, filiform, and as well as the sheaths, scabrous ;
panicle capillary, loose, a little spreading ; glume?
equal.
HAB. Mountains. July. %. 8—12 in. high, filiform .
panic, elongated, semiverticill., flex, hispid; glum,
nerveless ; cor. longer than the calyx.

53. AGROST1S. Bent-grass.

1. A. stricta : panicle elongated, straight ; calyx equal :
corolla smaller than the calyx ; valves unequal, with
an awn at the base of the inferior valve, longer thai.
the flower.
HAB. Fields. June. Culm erect, with black nodes;
awn twice as long as the flower.

'2. A. vulgaris ; branches of the panicle smooth ish, at
length divaricate ; inferior valve of the corolla 3-
nerved ; stipule very short and truncate.
HAB. Meadows and pastures. June — Aug. U . Root
creeping; culm 12 — 18 in. high; pan. capill. ; fl.
purp.

3. A. alba: branches of the panicle hispid, spreading,

loose ; inferior valve of the corolla 5-nerved ; sti-
pule oblong.
HAB. Fields and pastures. June — Aug. If.. Root
creeping ; culm assurgent, often sobolif ; panic, ca-
pillary.

4. A. lateriflora : culm erect, branched above, sobo-

liferous at the base ; panicles lateral and terminal,
contracted, dense ; calyx acuminate ; corolla short-
er than the calyx, equal, pubescent at the base,
awnless.
HAB. Swamps and wet meadows. Aug. — Sept. U .
Root creeping ; culm 2 ft. high, with swelling nvdcs
panicles spike form.

TRIANDRIA.— DIGYNIA. 51

0. jiUformis : panicles very slender ; corolla nearly

equalling the calyx.
HAB. Swamps and wet places. Sept.
>. A. sobolifera ; culm erect, branched ; panicle con-
tracted, filiform, simple ; branches npprossed , co-
rolla longer than the equal calyx, hairy at the base ;
valves equal, awnless, mucronute at the tip.
HAB. Rocky hills and woods. Aug. — Sept. 4. . Culm
sobolif, sometimes deai'ib., 2 ft. high; nodes not
swelling.
•i. A. tenuijlora: culm nearly simple, pubescent about
the joints; branches (if any) appressed ; stipules
obsolete ; panicle contracted, filiform : corolla
longer than the calyx ; inferior valve with an awn
twice as long as the flower.
HAB. Rocky woods. July — Aug. y. . RoA creeping ;
culm 3 ft. high ; sheaths mostly pubescent.
',. A. sylvatica : culm erect, much branched, diffuse,
smooth ; stipules lacerate ; panicle filiform ; corolla
longer than the calyx ; awns three times as long as
the flower.
HAB. Rocky situations. Aug. 4- Root creeping;
culm 2 — 3ft. high ; sheaths open and smooth.
'. A. compresso : whole plant very smooth ; culm erect,
compressed, simple ; panicle oblong, subcontracted j
with capillary branches ; calyx equal, shorter than
the corolla, acute ; corolla rather obtuse, smooth at
the b
HAB. Sandy swamps. Sept. U . Root creeping ; culm
sobolif. ; leav. linear, long, compress. ; sheaths cari-
nate ; pan. pur p.
'. A. terotina: culm filiform, ranch compressed ; leaves
very narrow erect; panicle attenuate;

\ unequal, hall is the awnless corolla.

HAB. Sandy Bwamps. Sept. If. 12 — 18 in high;
leav. almost ft I if ; part, glem
JO. A. juncea: leaves straight and erect, convolutelji
taceous; panicle oblong pyramidal, vert icilla
flowers awnless ; calyx half the length of the co-
rolla.
HAB. Barren sandy places. Ort.y.. Culm 1 — 2 ft
high t terete ; Jl. purp. : cal. unequal; nect. oho-
ate.

» TRIANDRIA.— DIGYNIA.

11. A. virginica: culms numerous, procumbent at the

base, assurgent ; leaves subdistichous, involute,
rigid ; panicles lateral and terminal, spike-form ;
the lateral ones concealed ; calyx equal, about as
long as the corolla.
HAB. Sandy soils. Sept.— Oct. © ? A foot high ;
leav . hairy at base ; sheaths swelled ; stip.O; anth.
purp.

12. A. longifolia: panicle contracted, spiked, generally

concealed ; corolla much longer than the calyx,
subequal, smooth and spotless, without awns .;
leaves very long, filiform and recurved at the apex.
HAB. Sandy hills and fields. Sept.— Oct. If. Culm
2 — 4 ft. high; simple, terete; leaves 2 ft. long;
pan. sometimes exserted ; fl. compress.

13. A. clandestina: panicle spiked, partly concealed:

corolla unequal, much longer than the calyx, hairy
and spotted, slightly awned ; leaves very long.
HAB. Dry hills. Sept. H . Culm 2 ft. high, terete ;
pan. often sooty ; glum, carinate.

54. CINNA.

C. arundinacea : panicle large, capillary, loose ;

leaves broad-linear ; culm smooth.
HAB. Swamps and wet woods. Aug. — Sept. H

Culm 2—bft. high ; leav. pale green ; fl. green.

55. POLYPOGON.

P. racemosus : panicle dense, conglomerate, inter-
rupted ; bristles of the calyx scabrous ; corolla un-
armed, hairy at the base ; culm branched.

HAB. Bog-meadows. Aug.— Sept. If.. Culm 3— 4
ft. high, compress.; branch, appress. ; leav. flat :
pan. 2 in. long.

56. TRICHOCHLOA.

T. capillaris : leaves convolute, filiform, smooth;

panicle diffuse, capillary, very slender ; pedicels

longer than the awns ; awns 3—4 times the length

of the flower.
HAB. Sandy pine woods. Sept.— Oct. If. Cespi*

lose, 2 ft. high, slender; pan. long, purple, very

lender.

TRIANDRIA.— DIGYNIA. 53

57. ARUNDO.

A. canadensis: panicle oblong, loose ; glumes sca-
brous, pubescent, as long as the corolla ; corolla
awned on the back ; hairs at the base equalling the
valves ; culm and leaves smooth.

HAB. Bog-meadows. Aug. If. Cnlm3—4ft.high,
mostly simple ; inf. sheaths pubesc. ; pan. purple.

A. coarctata: panicle somewhat spiked, conglomerate ;
calyx a little longer than the corolla, carinate ; co-
rolla longer than the pappus, awned a little below
the tip.

HAB. Bog-meadows. July — Aug. If.. Culm 3 — 5 ft.
high; pun. straight and erect, never spreading.

A. brevipilis: panicle diffuse, capillary; calyx un-
equal, shorter than the corolla, bearded at the base ;
corolla equal, awnless, hairy ; pappus very short.

HAB. Sandy swamps. Sept. If. Culm 3—4 ft. high,
terete ; pan. pyram. loose ; cal. hairy at base.

58. PSAMMA.

P. armaria : panicle spiked ; calyx acute ; corolla
three times as long as the pappus ; leaves involute.

HAB. Sea-coast. Aug. y.. Roots long, creeping;
culm 2 — 3 ft. high, rigid; pan. cylind. white ; fi.
compress.

59. CRYPSTS.

C. virginica : spike oblong-cylindrical, thick and
lobed ; culm procumbent and geniculate ; leaves at
length involute, rigid, pungent.

HAB. Sandy fields. Aug. — Oct. Culm branched,
spreading ; leav.flat, divaric. ; spik. lat. and term.

GO. ALOPECURUS. Fox-tail grass.

A. pratensis: culm erect, smooth ; spike cylindrical,
obtuse, lobed ; calyx ciliate, somewhat villose, con-
nate below the middle ; corolla as long as the
calyx.

HAB. Fie!. Is. June— July. If. Culm 2— 4 ft. high ;
leav.jlat; spik. 1 .! in. long; awn twice as long as
the flower ; sty I. connate.

niculutus : culm ascending, geniculate ; spik*

TRIANDRIA.— DIGYNIA.

cylindrical ; glumes a little connate at the base ;

hairy on the back and margin ; corolla truncate ;

styles free
HAB. Wet meadows. June, il . Root creeping;

culm IB in. high, rooting below ; awn as long again

as the corolla.
.3. aristulatus : awn scarcely exserted.
HAB. Wet meadows. June.

61. PHLEUxM. Cat's-tail grass.
P. pratense: spike cylindric, calyx mucronate-awned ;

keel ciliate ; awn shorter than the calyx ; culm

erect.
HAB. Fields and pastures. June — Aug. l|. . Culm

2 — 3 ft. high; leav. glauc, smooth ; anth. purp.

62. CYNODON. Bermuda-grass.

C. dactylon: culm creeping ; spikes digitate, (4 — 5,)
spreading ; keel of the calyx scabrous ; leaves hairy
on the margin and towards the base ; sheaths hairy.

HAB. Sandy soils. Aug. U . Root long, creeping ,
culm stolonif. ; leav. subdistich. ; spik. slender.

63. GYMNOPOGON.

G. racemosum.

HAB. Sandy fields. Aug. «. . Culm 1— 2 ft. high

assur gent, leafy ; leav. ovate-Ian., spreading, distich. :

pan. large, pyram. ; Jl. oppress., sess.

64. PHALARIS. Canary-grass.

P. americana : panicle oblong, spiked ; glumes boat-
shaped, serrulate ; corolla unequal ; rudiments hairy.

HAB. Bog-meadows. July. lj. . Culm 2 — 5 ft. high,
terete ; leaves broad-linear ; pan. a little spreading
when old.

P. canariensis : panicle subspiked, ovate ; calyx boat-
shaped, entire at the apex ; rudiments smooth.

HAB. Pastures. July.©. 18 m. high; sheaths in-
flated.

. ANTHOXANTHUM. Sweet-scented vernal-grass.

A. odoratum: spike ovate- oblong ; flowers pubes-
cent, subpeduncled, shorter than their awn=.

TRIANDRIA.— DIGYNIA. 55

HAB. Meadows, dry woods, &c. May — Aug. ty .
Afoot high; leav. pubesc. ; pan. spiked ; seed black.

66. BRACHYELYTRUM.

B. aristatum.

HAB. Rocky hills. June — July, 1/. Root creeping ,

culm erect> simp., 2 — 3 ft. high ; pan. racemose ; awn>

twice as long as the fl.

61. PHRAGMITES. Reed-grass.

P. communis: calyx about 5-flowered ; florets longer

than the calyx.
HAB. Borders of ponds, and swamps. Aug. If.. Culm

6 — 12 ft. high, thick; leav. 1 — 2 in. broad; pan.

large nodding ; fl. silky.

68. GLYCERIA.

G. Jluitans : panicles secund, slightly branched ;

spikelets linear, terete, appressed, 8 — 12-flowered ;

florets very obtuse, 7-nerved ; leaves long, flat.
HAB. In water. June — July. 2£. Root creeping,

cidm 3 — 5 ft. high, compress., assurg. ; pan. long,

racemose.
G. acutiflora : panicle simple, elongated, appressed ;

spikelets linear, terete, 4 — 12-flowered ; florets

attenuate, acute, indistinctly nerved ; leaves short,

erect.
HAB. Wet meadows. June. Culm 2 — 4 ft. high,

subcompress. ; stip. elongat. ; pan. long, concealed at

the base.

69. UNIOLA. Spike-grass.

U. latifolia: leaves broad and flat; panicle loose,
nodding ; spikelets all on long peduncles ; florets
somewhat ialcate, monandrous ; the lowest one
abortive.

HAB. Mountains and rocky woods. Au<r. 1/. Culm
Aft. high ; pan. very large ; spik. an inch long, flat,
ovate.

I . gracilis : panicle elongated, racemose, appressed
spikelets 3-flowered ; florets spreading, straight,
monandrous; the lowest one abortive.

1 1 A 13 . Sandy swamps. Aug. 1^. Culm 3 — 1 ft. high,

S6 TRIANDRIA.— DIGYNIA.

very slender; panic, with solitary branches; spik.
broad-cuneate ; anth. and stig. dark purple.
3, U. spicata: panicle spiked, straight ; leaves involute,
distichous, spreading ; spikelets 5 — 9-flowered ;
florets triandrous.
HAB. Salt-marshes, and on the sea-coast. Aug.—
Sept. If. Root long, creeping ; culm 12 — 18 in.
high ; spik. ovate, yellowish-green ; nect. obovate.
minute.

70. BRIZA. Quaking-grass.
B. media : panicle erect ; spikelets at length cordate,

about 7-flowered ; calyx smaller than the florets.
HAB. Meadows. May. If. Culm 1 Sin. high; stip.

obtuse ; panic, capill. ; spik. tumid, purplish ; cor.

nerveless.

71. POA. Meadow-grass.

1. P. annua: panicle subsecund, divaricate ; spikelets

ovate-oblong, 5-flowered ; florets free ; culm ob-
lique, compressed ; root fibrous.
HAB. Fields, pastures, &c. April— Aug. 0. Ces-
pitose, 6 — 8 in. long ; panic, rather crowded, at
length spreading ; cur. pubescent, b-nerved.

2. P. fasciculata : panicle expanding ; branches straight.

fasciculate, crowded ; spikelets oblong, 3-flowered ;
florets free ; calyx minute, unequal ; culm oblique,
terete ; root fasciculate.
HAB. Salt-marshes. Aug. If. Culm 1— 2 ft. high,
firm; panic, at first oppressed; spik. subracemose ;
cor. smooth.

.:. P. dentata : panicle loose, somewhat spreading :
branches capillary, virgate ; spikelets lanceolate, 5-
flowered ; calyx' free ; florets unequal ; inferior
glume obtuse, 3-nerved ; inferior valve of the co-
rolla 5-nervcd, 5-toothed at the apex when old.
HAB. Shady swamps. June— July. If. Root creep-
ing ; culm 3 ft. high; leav. and spik. pale green.;
pan. at first nodding.

4. P. aquatica j&. americana : panicle erect, semi-verti-
cillate, diffuse ; branches flexuous, smooth ; spike-
lets linear, 6 — 8-flowered ; florets ovate, obtuse,
free ; leaves broad-linear, and as well as the sheaths,
smooth.

TRIANDRIA.— DIGYNIA. 57

HAB. Wet meadows. Aug. %. Culm 4 — 5, thick,

leafy ; pan. very large, at first nodding ; spik. purp.

5. P. maritima : panicle branched, somewhat crowded ;

spikelets about 5-flowered, terete ; florets rather

obtuse, indistinctly 5-flowered ; root creeping.

HAB. Salt-marshes. June. If. A foot high ; leav.
involut. ; pan. erect, somewhat flexuous ; spik. linear,
purplish ; fi. woolly at base.
G. P. brevifolia : panicle loose ; branches in pairs, hori-
zontal ; calyx 3 — 4-flowered ; corolla pubescent ;
leaves very short; stipules, acuminate.

HAB. Mountains and woods. April. % . Culm 2 ft.
high, erect, and obliq. ; inf. leav. very short ; spike-
lets loose ; fl. distant.
7 P. pungens : culm compressed ; leaves very short,
cuspidate ; panicle somewhat simple, spreading ;
spikelets ovate, 3-4-flowered ; florets webbed,
rather obtuse, obscurely 5-toothed.

HAB. Rocky situations. April. 2£. Culm 18 in. high,
subancipit. ; culm leaves about 2, erect ; pan. semi-
verticil., capill.
3. P. pratensis : panicle diffuse ; upper leaves much
shorter than the smooth sheaths ; florets acute, 5-
nerved, webbed at the base ; stipule short, truncate ;
root creeping.

HAB. Meadows and pastures. May — July. y.. Pan,
pyramid. ; spik. ovate ; glum, unequal.

9, P. trivialis : panicle equal, diffuse, spikelets oblong-

ovate, about 3-flowered ; florets webbed at tht
base, 5-nerved ; culm sheaths roughish ; stipule ob-
long ; root creeping.
HAB. Moist meadows. June — Aug. If.. Culm 2-3 ft.
high, stolonif. ; pan. pyramidal; stipule elongated.

10. P. compressa: panicle contracted, somewhat secund ,

spikelets oblong, 3-6-flowered ; florets webbed ;

glumes nearly equal ; culm oblique, compressed ;

root creeping.
HAB. Fields and dry hills. June — July. If.. Culm a

foot high, assurgent ; leav. glauc. ; panicle sub-spiked.
3. sylvestris : panicle loose, spreading ; spikelets 8-3*

flowered ; culm slender, nearly erect.
IIAB. In dry woods. July.

58 TRIANDRIA.— DIGYNIA.

11. P. serotina: panicle elongated, diffuse, at length

somewhat secund ; spikelets ovate-lanceolate, 2-
3-flowered ; florets a little webbed at the base,
yellow at the tip, obscurely 5-nerved ; root
creeping.
HAB. In wet meadows. June. If.. Culm 2-4 feet
high; pan. ap press, when young > cal. often 2 fl. ;
anth. yellow.

12. P. nemorafis: panicle attenuated, weak; branches

flexuous ; spikelets ovate, about 3-flowered ;
florets loose, slightly webbed, acute, obsoletely
nerved ; stipule almost wanting.
HAB. Rocky woods. July. If. Pale green; pan.
capillary ; florets at length distant.

13. P. nervata : panicle equal, diffuse ; branches weak,

and at length pendulous; spikelets 5-flowered;
florets free, conspicuously 7-nerved, obtuse.
HAB. In wet meadows and in ditches. June. ij. .
Culm 3-4 ft. high; pan. large, many-fl. ; spik.
ovate ;fl. deciduous ; slam, mostly 2.

J4. P. elongata: panicle elongated, racemose ; branches
solitary, appressed ; spikelets ovate, obtuse, tumid,
3-flowered ; florets free; stipule almost wanting.
HAB. Wet meadows. June — July. U. . Culm 3 feel
high, dark green ; pan. nodding ;fl. 5-nerved.

15. P. obtusa : panicle ovate* contracted ; spikelets
ovate, tumid, 5-7-flowered ; florets free ; glumes
scarious ; corolla ovate, smooth, obtuse ; inferior-
valve indistinctly 7-nerved ; leaves as long as the
culm, and with the sheaths smooth.
HAB. Swamps. Aug. — Sept. l* . Culm. 3-4 ft. high.
firm ; leav. long, dark green ; pan. dense, many-fl. :
spik. large.

10. P. canadensis : panicle large, eftuse ; spikelets semi-
verticillate, flexuous, at length pendulous ; spike*
lets ovate, tumid, 5-8-flowered ; florets free ; infe-
rior valve somewhat acute, 7-nerved ; superior
valve very obtuse ; stamens 2.
HAB. Swamps. July — Aug. y. . Culm 3-4//. high. ;
leav. long ; pan. at first pyramidal, at length much
spreading and pendulous.

17. P. capillaris : panicle very large, loose, expanding.

TR1ANDRIA.— DIGYNIA. 59

capillary ; spikelets 3-flowered, ovate, acute ; flo-
rets free ; culm branched at the base ; leaves hairy,
HAB. Sandy fields, and dry hills. Aug. 0. Culm 12-
18 in. high, branch, at base; stip. bearded; pan.
pyramidal, branched, not hairy at the base.

18. P. hirsuta: culm erect, compressed, simple ; sheaths

hairy ; panicle very large, capillary ; branches

expanding, at length reflexed, bearded in the axils ;

spikelets oblong, about 5-flowered ; corolla ciliate

on the margin.
HAB. Sandy fields. July — Aug. U . Culm firm,

straight; leav. longer than the culm ;Jl. purplish.
3. spectabilis : spikelets linear, 10-15-tlowered.
HAB. Sandy fields on the sea-shore. Taller than the

preceding , spik. purp. -*- in. long.

19. P. pectinacea : culm cespitose, oblique ; leaves hairy

at the base ; panicle capillary, expanding, pyrami-
dal, hairy in the axils ; spikelets linear, 5 — 9-
flowered ; florets free, acute ; superior valve of
the corolla persistent.
1IAB. Sandy places — wet or dry. July — Aug. 0.
Culm 8-12 in. high, genie, or decumb. at the base ;
pan. large ; fl. purplish.
10. P. reptans : dioecious ; culm branched, creeping ,
panicle fascicled ; spikelets linear-lanceolate, 12-
20-flowered ; florets acuminate.
HAB. Swamps and river banks. July — Aug. 0.
Culm a span long, slender; leav. subulate ; pan. 1-
2 in. long ; glum, very acute.
'). Eragrostis : panicle equal, spreading; the lower
branches hairy in the axils ; spikelets linear-
lanceolate, 9-15-flcwered ; florets obtuse ; root
fibrous.
HAB. Sandy fields, July — Aug. 0. Culm ]V> in.
high, genie, at base ; spik. large ; lead-colour ; jl.
often verrucosc on the keel.

72. KCELERIA.

'■ . pennsyhanica : leaves flat, and with the sheaths
loftl) pubescent ; panicle oblong, slender, rathe;
loose; calyx 2-flowered; glumes nearly equal;
the inferior oblong, obtuse and slightly mucronutc. ;
superior ralve of the con >qs.

GO TRI ANDRIA.— DIGYNIA.

HAB. woods. May— June U . Culm erect. 2 ft,
high, simple ;fl. shining,
i. K. truncata : leaves flat, smooth ; panicle oblong,
racemose ; calyx 2-flowered, with a third abortive
floret, unequal ; inferior glume a little scabrous,
obtuse ; corolla glabrous.
HAB. Dry woods. June If. Culm 2ft. high, slen*
der ; cal. very unequal ; inf. glum, obliquely trun-
cate.
p. jnajor : panicle large, a little spreading ; leaves
broad-linear, very long.

73. URALEPIS.

U. aristulata : lateral panicles concealed in the sheaths
of the leaves ; terminal ones partly exsert ; calyx
3-flowered ; bristle of the corolla as long as the
lateral cusps.
HAB. Sandy sea-shore, and in fields. Aug. 0.
Cespitose, procumb. at base; leaves subulate, pun-
gent, hairy ;fl. axill. and term., purple.

74. TRICUSPIS.

T. seslerioides : panicle expanding and flexuous :
spikelets all pedunculate, about 6-flowered, lanceo-
late ; inferior valve of the corolla ovate, 5-toothed.

HAB. Sandy fields. Aug. y. . Culm 4-5 ft. high,
erect, smooth ; pan. very large, purp. ; glum, une-
qual, ovate, mucronate.

75. FESTUCA. Fescue-grass.

J. F. Myurus : panicle slender, crowded, equal ; spike-
lets about 4-flowered ; florets subulate, awned.
hairy, monandrous.
HAB. Sandy soils. June © Culm 6-8 in. high,
genie, at base ; leav. subulate ; awn twice as long as
thejl.

I. F. tenella : panicle spiked, very simple, secund ;
spikelets mostly 9-flowered ; bristles shorter than
the subulate florets ; culm iilifiorm, angular above ;
leaves setaceous.
HAB. Sandy soils and on hills. June. 0. Culms
numerous, 8-14 in. high, straight: sheaths pubes-
cent ; cal. decid.

TRIANDRIA.— DIGYNIA. 6 1

'-'», F. duriuscula : panicle secund, oblong, contracted ;
spikelets 5 — 6-flowered, nearly terete ; florets ter-
minated by short bristles ; root fibrous.
HAB. Fields and pastures. June. y.. Culm 12—18
in. high; leav. narrow; stam. 3.

4. F. rubra: panicle secund, erect, spreading; spike-

lets somewhat terete ; florets longer than the bris-
tle at their tips ; leaves, pubescent above ; root
creeping.
HAB. Dry soils. June. If.. Culm afoot and a half
high, erect, pubesc. ; leav. setaceous, very long;
glum, red after flowering .

5. P. elatior : panicle spreading, much branched, loose ;

spikelets ovate-lanceolate, 4 — 5-flowered ; florets
slightly armed ; leaves flat ; root creeping.
HAB. Wet meadows. June. If. Culm 3 — 4 ft. high,
terete, smooth; stip. very short ; pan. large, nodding
when old.

.:. F. pratensis : panicle spreading, branched ; spikelets
linear, many-flowered, acute ; leaves linear ; root
fibrous.
I1AB. Meadows and fields. June — July. %. Culm
1 — 2 ft. high, erect, smooth ; pan. subsecund, nearly
simple; spic. 7 — 8-jfl. ;fl. not mucronate.

T. F. nutans: panicle diffuse, at length nodding;
branches long, geminate, naked below ; spikelets
ovate, 3 — 5-flowered ; florets somewhat obtuse,
unarmed, nerveless.
HAB. Woods and shaded rocky places. June. If.
Culm oft. high, dark green ; stip. very short; pan.
few-Jl., scab. ; cor. coriaceous.

■ . P. fascicularis : culm procumbent, geniculate ; pani-
cle subsecund ; branches straight, spike-like ; spike-
lets appressed, 8 — 10-flowered; florets armed;
leaves very long.

\\'>. Meadows and sandy soils, near the sea. Aug. 0.
Culm much branch, from the base; leaves attcn. ; pan.
erect, spreading.

i. F. clandestina: panicle partly concealed in the
sheaths ; branches solitary, simple ; 9 10-

fiowered ; florets awned.
JIAB. New- York. ( ipan high: leav. Un. :

rs-.and jicdi 'erm.byathortl

r

62 TRIANDRiA.— DIGYNIA.

76. CERATOCHLOA.

C. nnioloides : panicle nodding, spreading ; spikelets
oblong-lanceolate, compressed, 6 — 8-flowered ; flo-
rets acuminate, unarmed ; sheaths bearded at the
throat ; the lower ones hairy ; root fibrous.

HAB. Rich bottom lands. July — Aug. © and U.
Culm 12 — 18 in. high; leav. pubesc; pan. small:
branch, geminate, pubesc.

11. DIARRHENA.

D. americana.

HAB. Banks of rivers. U . Culm erect, nearly naked,
slender; leav. rad. ; broad; pan. racemose; spik.
about 2-fl. ;fl. diverging ; cor. smooth ; stam. 2 — 3.

78. DACTYLIS. Orchard-grass.

O. glomerata : panicle secund, glomerate ; leave*

carinate.
HAB. Fields, meadows, &c. May — June. U. Culm

2 — 3ft. high ; panic, contract, glum, strongly ciliate.

79. DANTHONIA.

D. spicata : panicle simple, appressed ; spikelel*
7 — 9, about 7-flowered ; inferior valve of the co-
rolla hairy ; leaves subulate ; lower sheaths hairy
at the throat.

TIAB. Dry woods and sandy fields. June — July. U .
Culm cespitose, 18 in. — 2 ft. high ; leav. hairy above ;
pan. spiked.

80. TRISETUM.

I. T. palustre: panicle contracted, nodding, somewhat
verticillate ; calyx 2 — 3-flowered ; florets smooth,
acuminate ; the inferior one swnless ; inferior valve
of the superior floret bicuspidate, awned below the
tip.
HAB. Wet meadows. June — July. U . Culm 1 — 2
ft. high, erect ; leav. flat, smooth ; pan. few fl., pah
green.

1. T. purpurascens : panicle very simple, somewhat
racemose, few-flowered ; calyx 3-flowered ; glumes

\.

TRIANDRIA.— DIGYNIA. 63

very unequal, entire ; culm and leaves smooth :
stipule very short, truncate.
HAB. Mountain meadows. June. H . Culm 2 ft. high.
leafy ; pan. sub-racemose ; spik. terete ; cal. purple.

81. BROMUS. Brome-grass.

B. secalinus : panicle spreading, a little branched ;
spikelets oblong-ovate, compressed ; florets about
10, distinct, rather remote, longer than the flex-
uous bristles, leaves somewhat hairy.

HAB. Cultivated grounds. June. 0. Culm 2 — 3
ft. high ; nodes swelled and pub esc. ; leav. dark green :
pan. ovate, flat when old.

B. mollis : panicle erect, contracted ; spikelets ob-
long-ovate, somewhat compressed, pubescent ; bris-
tle straight, as long as the corolla; leaves very
softly pubescent.

HAB. Fields and pastures. June. $ . Culm 2 ft.
high, mostly pubesc. ; leav. pale green ; spik. 5 — 10-fl.

B. purgans: panicle nodding; spikelets lanceolate.
terete ; florets hairy ; bristle straight ; leaver-
smooth ; sheaths hairy.

HAB. Wet meadows and banks of rivers. Aug. U .
Culm 4 ft. high, smooth; sheaths rctrorsehj hairy;
spik. 6—8-/.

B. ciliatus: panicle nodding ; spikelets oblong, terete,
8 — 10-flowered ; glumes acute, (not mucronate,)
ciliate ; corolla hairy ; margin villosely ciliatc :
bristle short.

HAB. Banks of rivers. June. y. . Culm 3 ft. high,
pubesc. at the joints ; leav. pale green, hairy both
sides ; pan. zvith 2 bracts at base.

B. pubesccns : panicle at length nodding; spikelet-
lanceolate, terete ; florets pubescent ; leaves and
lower sheaths pubescent.

HAB. Woods. June. U. Culm 4 ft. high, hairy
below ; leaves smooth beneath.

82. ARRHENATHERUM.

A. avenaceum: panicle equal, nodding ; nun as long
again as the flower ; culm geniculate, smooth ; root
nodose.

"' u 'une. \\ . Root creeping; culm

TRIANDRIA.— DIGYNIA.

high ; pan. loose ; fi. brownish, hairy at base ; awn
contorted.
2. A. pennsylvanicum : panicle attenuated ; awn twict
as long as the florets ; seed villous.
HAB. Fields and open woods. July. U. Culm smooth
branches of the pan. short ; awn genie.

83. AVENA. Oat-grass.
A. prcecox : panicle in a dense raceme ; florets i\s

long as the calyx ; awn exserted ; leaves setaceous.
HAB. Sandy fields. June. 0. Cespitose, 3 — 4 in.

high ; sheaths angular ; pan. oblong ; spik. 2-fi. .

cal. longer than the fi.

84. AIR A. Hair-grass.

1. A. Jlexuosa : panicle spreading, trichotomous .

branches flexuous ; calyx a little shorter than the
florets, and about the length of the awn ; leaves
setaceous ; culm nearly naked.
HAB. Rocky hills. June. U. Culm 1J— 2 ft. high ;
leav. mostly rad. ; pan. capill. ; cor. hairy at base.

2. A. cespitosa: panicle diffuse ; florets about the length

of the calyx ; awn short, straight ; leaves flat.
HAB. Swamps. June. U . Culm cespit., 18 in.
high ; leav. very narrow ; pan. capill. ; cal. blueish,

3. A. arisiulata: panicle capillary, spreading; branches

verticillate and flexuous ; calyx 2-flowered, shorter
than the florets ; superior floret pedicellate ; infe-
rior valve of the corolla truncate, laciniate, with an
awn a little below the middle scarcely exserted.
I. A. pumila : panicle small, fasthiiate, few-flowered •.
pedicels short ; florets awnless, obtuse, twice the
length of the calyx ; valves with membranaceous
margins ; leaves flat, smooth ; culm erect, scarcely
longer than the leaves.
HAB. In barren clayey soil. June. ty. An inch
high, growing in tufts.

85. LOLIUM. Darnel.

h L. perenne: florets much longer than the calyx, un-
armed, linear-oblong, compressed ; root perennial.
HAB. Meadows and road-sides. M,ay— June, U

TRIANDRIA— DIGYNIA. Ov

Root creeping ; culm 18 in. high, erect ; leaves smooth j

spike 6 in. long ; rach.Jlex.
L. temulentum : florets shorter than the calyx, as long

as the bristle at their extremity ; root annual ; culm

scabrous above.
HAB. Meadows. July. Root Jib. ; culm 2 ft. high :

spikelcts much compress., 5 — 1-fl.

86. ELEUSINE.
E. iiidica : spikes straight, erect, in pairs or quarter-

nate ; rachis linear ; spikelets lanceolate, about b-

flowered ; culm compressed, declined.
HAB. Cultivated grounds, and road-sides. July —

Novem. 0. Culm 8 — 12 in. high ; leav. distichous ;

$pik. gen. in pairs ; rach. compress.

87. TRITICUM. Wheat.
T. (tstivum: spike parallel, compressed ; glumes 4-

flowered, ventricose ; bristles generally much longer

than the florets.
IIAB. In neglected fields. June. 0. Culm 3 — 4 ft.

high ; rach. articulat. ; brist. 2 — 3 in. long.

88. AGROPYRON.

A. repens : spikelets oblong, 5-flowered ; glumes sub-
ulate, many-nerved ; florets acuminate ; leaves flat ;
root creeping.

IIAB. Fields and cultivated grounds. July. U. Root
artic, white, very long ; culm 2 ft. high ; ft. some-
times with a short bristle,

A . caninum: spikelets about 5-flowered, compressed ;
glumes 3-nerved, and, as well as the florets, armed
with a bristle at the tip ; root fibrous.

IIAB. Delaware, li . Culm 9. — 3 ft. high ; spik. some-
times 6 -ft. : bristle longer than the flowers.

80. SECALE. Rye.
S. cereale : glumes and bristles scabrous-ciliate ; co-
rolla smooth.
UAB. Neglected fields. June. or $. Culm 3—4
high : alum, ciliate, subulate ; bristle long
F2

GG iRIANDRIA.— DIGYNi

90. ELYMUS. Lyme-grass.

1 . E. virginicus : spike erect, coarctate ; spikelets in

pairs, 2— 3-flowered; florets smooth ; glumes lan-
ceolate, nerved.
HAB. Banks of rivers. July — Aug. U. Culm 3 — 4
ft. high; leav. bright-green ; spik. stiffly erect.

2. E. canadensis : spike nodding at the extremity, patu

lous ; spikelets 3 — 5-flowered ; florets hairy ;

glumes linear-lanceolate.
HAB. Banks of rivers. Aug. U . Root creeping

culm 3 — 4 ft. high ; leav. dark-green; spik. gen,

pendulous at the extrem.
/3. glaucifolius : leaves glaucous.
HAB. Rocky shores. Aug.
:. E. villosus: spike a little nodding at the extremity.

patulous ; , rachis and florets hispid-pilose ; spikelets

geminate, 2 — 3-flowered ; glumes linear, pilose-cili-

ate, 2-nerved, shorter than the florets.
HAB. Dry hills. July. U . Culm 2—3 ft. high ;

leaves long, 4 — 5 lin. broad ; spike at first erect.
V. E. hystrix: spike erect ; spikelets diverging ; caly\

0.
HAB. Rocky hills. July. U. Culm 3 ft. high; leav.

often glauc; rack. flex. ; spik. 3 at each joint ; cal

sometimes 1 — 2-leaved, or a rudiment.

91. MELICA. Melic-grass.

M. speciosa: smooth; panicle loose, erect, few-flow
ered ; branches simple ; florets obtuse.

HAB. Mountains. June. U . Cidm 3—4 ft. high
leav. flat, pub es. beneath; pan. subsecund,

92, ATHEROPOGON.

A. apludoides : spikes racemose, distant, pendulous
perfect floret with the inferior valve tricuspidate
lateral bristles of the abortive floret half the length
of the terminal one.

HAB. Rocky hills. Aug. U. Culm 18 in. high, assur
gent ; leav. at length involute ; spik. 20 — 40, oblong
sess. f a?ith. red.

93. PANICUM. Panic-grass.
I P. Cms galli i racemes alternate and in pairs,, com

TRIANDRIA.— DIGYNIA. 67

pound ; rachis 5-angled ; glumes terminating in his-
pid bristles ; sheaths glabrous.
HAB. Along ditches, and in cultivated grounds. Aug-
— Sept. ©• Culm 2 — 4 ft. high ; leav. broad and
flat ; pan. dense ; bristles sometimes wanting.

2. P. hispidum : panicle compound r nodding;, racemes

alternate ; glumes terminating in hispid bristles
sheaths hispid.
HAB. Salt-marshes. Sept.— Oct. Q. Culm 3—4 ft.
high, thick ; fl. always with bristles.

3, P. clandestinum : culm with short axillary branches ;

leaves broad-lanceolate, cordate at the base ; sheathe
hispid, enclosing the short panicles ; abortive floret
neuter, 2-valved ; superior valve obtuse.

HAB. Shady moist places. July — Aug. H . Culm
2 — 3 ft. high, erect and rigid ; leaves 1 in. broad ;
pan. term, and lat.
I. P. pedunculatum : culm dichotomous ; leaves broad-
lanceolate, slightly hairy above, attenuate ; sheaths
hispid and papillose ; panicle long-pedunculate, com
pound, smooth ; spikelets ovate, smooth ; abortive
tloret 2-valved ; superior valve half the length oi
the inferior.

HAB. Moist places in woods. July, U . Culm 3 — 4
ft. high, much branched above ; leav. very acute ; pan .
terminal.
'). P. latifolium : culm mostly simple, bearded at tin
joints ; leaves oblong-lanceolate, smooth, or with
the sheaths, somewhat pubescent ; panicle terminal,
a little exsert, simple, pubescent ; spikelets oblong-
ovate ; abortive floret antheriferous, 2-valved ; su-
perior valve subherbaceous, nearly as long as tin
inferior, acute.

HAB. Woods and shady thickets. June — July. If.
Culm 1 ft. high / leav. 1 in. broad; pan. about \b-fl
downy,
y. P. scoparium: whole plant softly villous ; leaves lan-
ceolate ; panicle erect, compound, setaceous, much
branched ; spikelets turgid, ovate, pubescent.

HAB. New-Jersey. H. Culm 2 ft. high, mostly sim
pie ; leav. somewhat waved ; fl. largest of our species.
7. P. nervosum : culm simple ; nodes smooth ; leave*
broad-lanceolate, smooth, a little ciliate on the mar-

68 TRIANDRIA.— DIGYNIA.

gin ; panicle much branched, smooth, many-flow-
ered ; spikelets oblong ; abortive floret antherifer-
ous, with the superior valve subherbaceous, shorter
than the inferior.
IIAB. Boggy meadows. July. U. Culm 3 — 4ft. high,
smooth; leav. sub coriaceous ; pan. pedunc. or sessile ;
fi. large.
8. P. macrocarpon : culm erect, simple ; leaves linear-
lanceolate, erect, a little hairy beneath ; joints na-
ked ; sheaths hispid ; panicle rather compound.,
smooth ; spikelets ovate-globose ; abortive floret
neuter.
11 AB. Banks of rivers. July. U . Culm 3 ft. high ;
pan.few-fi.,flexuous ;fi. strongly nerved, subglobose;
inf. glume very broad.
>. P. pubescens : erect, much branched, leafy, softly-
pubescent; leaves lanceolate, ciliate; panicle small,
few-flowered, free ; spikelets subglobose-obovate,
pubescent.
IIAB. Woods and fields. June. U- Culm 18 in. high :
nodes hairy; sheaths retrorsely ciliate; pan. with
horizon, branches.
10. P. involution : culm cespitose, simple, or a little
branched at the base ; leaves erect, somewhat rigid,
very narrow, at length involute : panicle simple,
few-flowered ; florets acuminate ; superior valve of
the neuter floret very small.
HAB. Massachusetts. U. Culm 1 ft. high ; leav. a
little hairy; pan. 10—20-/. ; fi. large.
H. P. depauperatum : culm cespitose, hairy at the
joints ; leaves linear-lanceolate, smooth or hairy ;
sheaths pubescent ; panicle few-flowered ; branches
in pairs, one of them 2-£owered, the other 1 -flow-
ered.
IIAB. Barren sandy soils. May — June. U . Culm 1
ft. high ; lower leav. short ; pan. term. ; branches
tortuous.
i2. P. dichotomum: culm much branched and dichoto-
mous above ; branches fasciculate ; leaves very
numerous, lanceolate, smooth, panicle simple, ca-
pillary, lax ; abortive floret neuter ; superior valve
minute, bifid.

TRIANDRIA.— DIGYNIA. 69

HAB. Dry woods. July — Sept. U. Culm erect ,B— 18

in. high ; joints hairy ; leav. spreading ; fl. minute.

si. curvatum : culm very tall, rather rigid ; branches

few and a little curved.
3. fasciculatum : culm low, erect or decumbent ;
branches and leaves densely fasciculate ; panicle*
very small, concealed among the leaves.
y. gracile : culm tall, slender ; leaves membrana-
ceous.
HAB. ». In moist meadows. /3. In sandy fields, y.
In swamps.
13. P. nitidum : culm slender, simple, erect, smooth ;
sheaths bearded at the throat ; leaves very few,
broad-linear; panicle capillary, rather crowded, com-
pound, remote, smooth ; spikelets minute, obtuse,
ovate, slightly pubescent ; inferior glume very small.
HAB. Meadows and woods. June— July. U . Culm
18 in. — 2 ft. high, mostly simple ; nodes annulate ;
leav. a little shilling.
st. ciliatum : culm hairy ; leaves linear-lanceolate,
(the lowest ones broader,) sparingly hirsute, ciliate
on the margin ; panicle with the branches and flow-
ers pubescent.

|3. ramulosum: culm more branched; panicle con-
tracted; branches smooth,
y. gracile : culm very slender, smooth ; leaves very
narrow, and with the sheaths smooth ; panicle
nearly simple, few-flowered, smooth ; superior
valve of the abortive floret minute, entire. ?
fc pilosum : culm simple, very hairy ; lower leaver
approximate, and broad, lanceolate ; upper one?
linear, rather rigid, somewhat hairy on the upper
surface, ciliate at the base ; sheaths villose and mi-
nutely papillose ; panicle sub-contracted ; branches
virgate, and with the flowers, pubescent.
l, glabrum : smooth on every part, except the base
of the leaves, nearly simple ; lower leaves short,
approximate, sub-cartilaginous ; panicle branched,
almost verticillate ; spikelets large ; superior valve
of the abortive floret entire.
f. barbatum : culm simple, smooth ; nodes hairy ;
leaves linear-lanceolate ; sheaths smooth, except
on the margin ; flowers minutely pubescent.

70 TRIANDRIA.— DIGYNIA.

HAB. ct. In pine-barrens. &. Sandy swamps, y. la
woods. <$\ Dry woods, e. Meadows. £ WoocU
and meadows.

14. P. agrostuides : culm compressed, smooth, erect:

leaves very long ; panicles lateral and terminal,
pyramidal, spreading ; branches racemiferous ;
spikelets appressed ; abortive floret neuter, with
the valves nearly equal.
HAB. Wet meadows. July— Sept. U . Culm 2—3
ft. high ; leaves numerous at the root ; pan. dark
purp.

15. P. virgatum: whole plant very smooth; panicle

diffuse, very large ; flowers acuminate ; valves of
the abortive floret nearly equal.
HAB. Margins of salt marshes. July — Aug. U .
Culm 3 — 4 ft. high ; leav. long^flat; pan. virgate ;
spik. large.

16. P. anceps : culm compressed ; sheaths ancipitous,

pilose ; panicle with nearly simple branches :
spikelets sub-racemose, much acuminate ; abortive
floret neuter, with the superior valve bifid.
HAB. Infields. July— Aug. U. Culm 3 ft. high :
leav. very long ; pan. pyram. ; spik. appress.

J 7. P. rectum : panicle solitary, shorter than the termi-
nal leaf; branches simple, flexuous ; spikelets al-
ternate, peduncled, obovate, turgid ; giumes stri-
ate, acute ; leaves linear, straight, tapering to a
sharp point, striate and scabrous above, hairy be-
neath ; sheaths with very long hairs.
HAB. Banks of rivers, July. U .

18. P. verrvcosum : culm slender, decumbent and genic-
ulate, branched below, and with the leaves smooth ;
panicle much spreading, few-flowered ; flowers
verrucose ; abortive floret 1-valved.
HAB. Swamps. Aug. U. Culm 18 in. high; nodes
smooth; leav. bright green; pan. lot. and term.;
fl. verrucose.

Id. P. proliferum : culm assurgent, geniculate at base.

very smooth ; panicles terminal and axillary ;

smooth; spikelets racemose; abortive floret 1-

valved.

HAB. Wet meadows. Sept. U . Whole plant very

TRIANDRIA.— DIGYNIA. 71

very smooth ; culm 2 — 4 ft. long, succul, ; leav.
broad ; pan. large ; anth. orange.

20. P. capillare : culm nearly simple ; sheaths very

hairy ; panicle large, capillary, expanding, loose ;

spikelets on long peduncles, acuminate, smooth ;

abortive floret 1-valved.
HAB. Cultivated grounds. Aug. — Sept. H . Culm

erect, 1 — 2 ft. high; sheaths hispid; branch, of

the pan. reflex, when old.
/3. sylvaticum : culm branched at the base, very

slender ; leaves linear.
HAB. In dry woods. Aug.

21. P. longifolium: whole plant very smooth; culm

compressed, erect, simple, slender ; leaves very
long and narrow ; panicle simple, elongated, race-
mose ; spikelets acuminate ; abortive floret neuter,
2-valved.
1 1 AB. Pine barrens. Sept.— Oct. 1| . Culm 2 ft.
high ; pan. small, few-fl. ; inf. glume acuminate.

94. HIEROCHLOA.

1 . II. borealis : panicle subsecund, a little spreading ;
peduncles smooth ; florets unarmed ; inferior valve
of the corolla ciliate on the margin ; root creeping,
I.IAB. Bog-meadows. May. U . Sweet-scented ;
culm IS in. high; leav. smooth and shining; pan,
few-fl. ; spik. brown and purple.

1. U. alpina : panicle ovate, contracted ; spikelets com-
pressed, longer than the branches ; glumes lance-
olate, almost nerveless : lateral florets triandrous ;
one of them with an awn about as long as the
valves : sides almost smooth ; margin ciliate.
HAB. High mountains. June. U . Culm 8 in. high,
smooth, firm , fl. not tumid, larger than in the pre-
reding.

95. HOLCUS. Soft grass.

II. lanatus : panicle equal; florets shorter than the
calyx, the superior with a recurved awn ; root
fibrous.

HAB. Wet meadows. Aug. U . Whole plant hoary-
pubescr.nl ' ; culm 18 in. high • pan. oblong, contract, j
fl. whitiihi

72 TRIANDRIA.— DIGYNIA.

96. SETARIA.
I, S. viridis: spike cylindrical ; involucrum of 4 — 10
fasciculate bristles, scabrous upward; spikelets
geminate ; perfect floret smooth ; sheaths pubescent.

HAB. Cultivated grounds. July — Aug. H. Culm \\
ft. high, simp. ; leav. smooth ; invoL longer than
theft,
I. S. glauca: spike cylindrical: involucrum of many fas-
cicled bristles, scabrous upward ; perfect floret
transversely rugose.

HAB. Fields and cultivated grounds. July — Aug. 0.
Culm 2 ft. high ; invoL yellow when old.

/3. purpurascens : sheaths hairy ; glumes and bristles
of the involucrum purple.
). S. verticillata : spike subverticillate ; bristles of the
involucrum 2, retrorsely scabrous ; spikelets soli-
tary ; corolla of the perfect floret nearly smooth.

HAB. Sandy cultivated grounds. July. 0. Culm
18 in, high, smooth; spike 2 in. long ; rach. hispid ;
invol. purplish.
}. S. italica : spike compound, interrupted at the base,
nodding ; spikelets conglomerate ; involucrum many
times longer than the flowers ; rachis tomentose.

HAB. Borders of ditches. July — Aug. 0. Culm 4 ft.
high, sub-compress.; pan, 6 — 8 in. long; invol.
1 — 2 in. long.

97. D1GITARIA. Crab-grass.

1. D. sanguinalis : spikes numerous, fasciculate, a little
spreading ; leaves and sheaths somewhat hairy :
spikelets oblong ; florets pubescent on the margin.
HAB. Cultivated grounds and waste places. Aug. U .
Culm decumb. and assurg. ; spik. 4 — 6 ; rach. flex. ;
spikelets by pairs.
I. 1). glabra: spikes digitate, sub-alternate, (3 — 4,)
spreading ; leaves and sheaths smooth ; spikelets
ovate, crowded ; calyx equal to the abortive floret,
both hairy.
HAB. Sandy fields. Aug. — Sept. 0. Culm mostly
decumbent ; spik. much spreading, 2 in. long.
.';. D. serotina : decumbent; leaves and sheaths verv

TRIANDRIA.— DIGYNIA. 73

pubescent ; spikes numerous, setaceous ; spikelels

all pedicellate ; inferior glume very minute.
HAB. Fields. U« ft° ut creeping; culm 12 — 18 in.

long.
D. filiformis : culm erect, filiform ; leaves somewhat

glabrous ; spikes 2 — 4, filiform, erect ; spikelets in

threes, all pedicellate ; calyx 1-valved, as long as

the abortive floret, pubescent.
HAB. Gravelly soils and sandy woods. Aug. 0. Culm

simp., 12 — 18 in. high; leav. short ; spik. mostly 2.

98. ANDROPOGON. Beard-grass.

A. scoparium : spikes simple, lateral and terminal,
pedunculate, in pairs ; rachis hairy ; abortive floret
neuter ; valves awned.

HAB. Barren soils. Aug. U . Culm 3 ft. high; lower
sheaths hairy ; spik. slend.,flexuous.

A. virginicwn • culm compressed ; superior leaves
and sheaths smooth ; spikes short, 2 — 3 from each
sheath, partly concealed at the base ; rachis sub-
terete ; abortive flower a mere pedicel without
valves ; perfect flower monandrous.

HAB. Dry swamps. Sept. y.. Culm 3 ft. high ; inf.
leav. hairy ; rachis pilose.

A. macrourum : spikes fasciculate, in dense, lateral.
and terminal fastigiate panicles ; flowers monan-
drous; awn straight; abortive floret without valves.

HAB. Swamps. Sept. — Oct. If.. Culm much branched
above ; spikes vaginate, partly concealed.

A. furcatum : spikes digitate, generally by fours;
abortive flowers etaminiferous, awnless, resembling
the perfect one, the awn of which is subcontorted

HAB. Rocky banks. Aug. — Sept. 1*. . Culm 4 ft.
high ; rati. !<dv. very long; cul. brownish.

,\. nutans : panicle oblong, branched, nodding; spike-
Lets by pairs; calyx hairy, rufescent; awn con-
torted.

HAB. Fields and hills. Sept.— Oct. 11. CWro3— G
ft. high; pan. large; abort, ft. a rudiment without
vahes.

HORDE! M. Bailey.

M. y "latum: lateral flowers abortive, n eute J I

(J

74 TRIANDRIA.— TRIGYNIA.

of the calyx and corolla three times as long as the
flowers.
IIAB. Marshes. $. Culm 2 ft. high, slend. sim .
bristles of theft, capillary.

TRIGYNIA.

100. HOLOSTEUM. Caryophyllece.

II. succulentum: leaves elliptical, fleshy.
HAB. Coldenham, New-York. -f-.

01. MOLLUGO. Indian-chickweed. Caryophylleit-

M. verticillata: leaves verticillate, cuneiform, acute:
stem branched, depressed; peduncles 1 -flowered,

IIAB. Fields. July — Sept. 0. Stem prostrate,
spreading, dichot. ; pedunc. axill. ;Jl. small, white.

102. LECHEA. Caryophyllece.

\ . L. major : plant hirsute on every part ; leaves ob-
long-lanceolate, mucronate ; panicle leafy, pyrami-
dal ; branches floriferous towards their extremities :
flowers in fasciculate racemes, secund, on shori
pedicels.
HAB. Dry woods and hills. Aug. 2£. Stem erect,
often surculose ; ft. minute, round; stam. 3 — 9.

2. L. minor: whole plant nearly glabrous ; stem assur*

gent ; leaves linear-ianceolate, acute ; panicle leafy ;
branches elongated ; flowers on short pedicels.
HAB. Dry woods. Aug. — Sept. Stem slender, 8 in.
high; ft. twice as large as the preceding.

3. L. racemulosa : plant covered with an appressed pu-

bescence ; stem erect, with slender, paniculate
branches above ; leaves linear, acute, ciliate ;
flowers rather remote, alternate ; raceme naked.
HAB. Sandy fields. -f.
1. L. thymifolia : whitish-villose on every part ; stem
erect ; leaves linear, acute ; panicle leafy, elonga-
ted ; branches short ; flowers minute, in lateral and
terminal fascicles ; pedicels very short.
HAB. Sandy sea-coast. Aug. ii . Stem a foot high,
erect, firm, much branched; leav. vill. at base.

103. PROSERPINACA. Haloragece.

1. P. palustris : leaves linear-lanceolate, serrate: the
lower ones pinnatifid.

TETRANDRIA.— MONOGYNIA. To

HAB. In water. July — Aug. lj. . Root creep . ; stem

partly submerge red ;fi. sm., axillary.
P. pcctinacea : leaves all pectinately pinnatifid.
HAB. Sandy swamps. Aug. y. . Leav. finely pec-

finate; angles of the cap. rather obtuse.

TETRANDRIA
MONOGYNIA.

A. Flowers superior.
| Monopetalous.

104. CEPHALANTHUS. Common col ; proper mi-

nute, angular, 4-cleft. Cor. tubular, slender, 4-
cleft. Style much exserted ; stig. globose. Cap.
2-celled, 2-seeded, (mostly 2-partile.) Recept,
globose, hairy.

105. DIPSACUS. Flowers in an ovate or roundish capi-

tulum. — Common cal. (involucrum) many-leaved,
foliaceous ; proper superior, of one leaf. Cor.
tubular, 4-cleft. Seed solitary. Recept. conic,
paleaceous. Pappus cyathiform.
J 1)6. GALIUM. Cal. 4-toothed. Cor. monopetalous.
rotate, 4-cleft. Seeds 2, globose.

i07. SPERMACOCE. Cal. 4-toothed. Cor. infundibu-
liform, 4-cleft. Cap. 2-celled, not 2-parted ; cells
1 -seeded, bidentate. Seeds with inflected mar-
gins.

108. DIODIA. Cal. deeply 2-cleft, persistent. Cor.
tubiilar-infundibuliibrm, 4-cleft. Cap. 2-celled :
\ cells one-seeded.

,11) IIOUSTOMA. Cal. 4-toothed. Cor. infundibu-
liform, '4-cleft. Cap. half-superior, 2-celled. 2
valved, many-deeded, opening transversely.

HI. MITOHELLA. Flower.-, by pairs upon the same
nnen. Cal* 4-toothed. Cor. infundibuliform ;
tube cylindrie ; limb 4 -parted, spreading, villous
on the inner side. Slam, scarcely exserted. Stig
4-cleft. (jerry, by the union of 2 germens, didy-
mo- led

76 TETRANDRIA.— M0N0GYN1A.

112. LINNiEA. Cal. double ; that of the fruit 2-leaved ;

inferior; of the flower 5-parted, superior. Cor.
turbinate, subcampanulate, 5-lobed, equal. Stam,
somewhat didynamous. Stig globose. Berry
dry, 3-celled, (only one of the cells bearing a per-
fect seed.)

t t Polypetalous.

113. SANGUISORBA. Cal. 2-leaved. Cor. 4-cleft,

rotate. Caps, quadrangular, between the calyx
and corolla, 1 — 2-celled.

114. CORNUS. Flowers sometimes aggregated in a 4-

leaved involucrum. — '■Cal. 4-toothed. Pet. 4,
Drupe with a 2-celled nut.

115. LUDW1GIA. Cal. 4-parted, persistent. Cor. 4-

petalled or 0. Caps, quadrangular, 4-celled, in-
ferior, many-seeded.

1 1 1 Apetalous.

116. ISNARD1A. Cal. campanulate, 4-cleft. Cor. 0.

Caps. 4-celled, quadrangular, surrounded by the
base of the calyx.

B. Flowers inferior.
t Monopetalous.

117. PLANT AGO. Cal. 4-cleft. Cor. 4 -cleft :"; limb re-

flexed. Stam. mostly exserted, very long. Caps.
2-cHled, opening all round transversely.

118. BARTON1A. Cal. 4-parted, appressed. Cor.

subcampanulate, 4-parted ; segments somewhat
erect. Stig. thick, glandular, somewhat bifid.
Caps. 1 -celled, 2-valved, many-seeded, sur-
rounded by the persistent calyx and corolla.

119. EXACUM. Cal. deeply 4-parted. Cor. 4-cleft:

tube globose Caps, bisulcate, 2-celled, many-
seeded, opening at the summit ; cells 2-seeded.

120. SWERTIA. Cal. flat, 4— 5-parted. Cor. 4-

parted ; segments spreading, with 2 nectariferous
ciliate pores at the base of each. Style short ;
stig. 2. Caps. 1-cellpd. 2-valved, acuminate.

121. FRASERA. Cal. deeply 4-parted. Cor. 4-parted,

spreariing ; segments oval, with a bearded, or-
bicular gland in the middle of each. Caps, com-

TETRANDRIA.— MONOGYNIA. 77

pressed, partly margined, 1 -celled. Seeds few,
imbricate, elliptic, with a membranaceous margin.

122. OBOLARIA. Cal. 2-parted, bracteiform. Cor.

campanulate, 4 -cleft ; segments entire (orcrenu-
late.) Stain. subdid}'namous, proceeding from the
clefts of the corolla. Stig. bifid. Caps, ovate.
1 -celled, 2-valved, many-seeded.

t t 4-petalled.

123. AMMANNIA. Cal. 1 -leaved, campanulate, pli-

cate, 8-toothed, inferior. Cor. 4-petalled or 0-
inserted upon the calyx. Caps. 4-celled, man}'-
seeded.
J 24. PTELEA. Cal. 4-parted. Pet. 4, spreading. Stig.
2. Samara compressed, orbicular, 2-celled, 2-
seoded.

tit Apeialous.
lb, RIVINA. Cal. 4-parted, persistent. Pet. 0. Berr,,
1 -seeded. Seed lentiform, scabrous. Stam. 8 —
4—12.
126. ALCI1EM1LLA. Cal. 8-cleft ; segments spread
ing, alternately smaller. Cor. 0. Style lateral,
from the base of the germen. Fruit surrounded
by the calyx.
SYMPLOCARPUS. Spath ventricose, ovate, acu-
minate. Spadix subglobose, covered with per-
fect flowers Cal. deeply 4-parted, persistent :
segments cucullate, truncate, becoming thick and
spongy. Pet. 0. Style pyramidal, 4-sided ; stig.
simple, minute. Seeds solitary, immersed in th»
spong}' receptacle.

DIGYNIA.
HAMAMELIS. Cal. 4-cleft, with 3 brads (involu-
( rum) at the base. Pet. linear, very long. Mut
roriaceous, 2-celled, 2-horned, cleft at the top.
Seed 1 in each cell.

TETRAGYNIA.

. >9. ILEX. Cal. minute, 4— 5-toothed. Cor. rotate, 4-
pattftd, or 4-petalled. Style ; stig. 4. Berry

t i 2

78 TETRANDRIA.— MONOGYNIA.

130. SAGINA. Cal. 4-leaved. Pet. 4. Caps. 4-celled,,

4-valved, many-seeded.

131. TILL^EA. Cal. 3— 4-parted. Pet. 3—4, equal.

Caps. 3 — 4, 2 or many-seeded. Stam. sometimes
8, 4 sterile.

132. POTAMOGETON. Cal. 4-leaved. Cor. 0. Anth.

sessile, alternating with the divisions of the ca
lyx. Nuts 4, 1-seeded, sessile.

133. RUPPIA. Cal. and cor. 0. Seeds 4, pedicellate,

TETRANDRIA.

MONOGYNIA.
104. CEPHALANTHUS. Button-bush. Rubiacea><

C. occidentalis : leaves opposite or ternate.

HAB. Swamps. July — Aug. V Shrub 4—5 ft.
high ; leav. ovate-oblong ;fl. wh., in glob, heads.

105. DIPSACUS. Teasel. Dipsacece.

D. sylvestris: leaves rarely connate; scales of the
receptacle straight; involucrum curved upward

HAB. Old fields. July. $. Stem 3— 4 ft. high, ang.
and prickly ;Ji. pale blue, in oval heads.

106. GALIUM. Bed-straw. Rubiacece.

* Fruit smooth.

1. G. verum : leaves about 8 in a whorl, linear.

grooved, scabrous ; flowers in dense panicles.
HAB. Pastures. June — July. If. Stem erect, slen-
der ; leav. rejlexed ; ft. yellozv.

2. G. trifidum : stem procumbent, scabrous downward ;

leaves linear, obtuse, scabrous on the margin and
mid-rib ; those of the stem in fives ; of the branches
in fours ; flowers in terminal fascicles ; pedicels
short ; corolla mostly 3-cleft.

HAB. Wet places. June — Aug. If. Stem much
branch.; leav. broad-linear ; fl. rch., minute.

p. latifolium : leaves obovate-cuneate.

HAB. Wet places.

3. G. tinctorium : stem diffuse, smoothish ; leaves linear,

somewhat acute, slightly scabrous ; those of the
stem in sixes, of the branches in fours ; peduncle 5
elongated, mostly 3-flowered.

TETRANDRIA.— MONOGYNIA. 79

HAB. Low grounds. July. If. Stem afoot high,
weak;Jl. white, mostly 4-cleft.
4. G. asprellum : stems diffuse, much branched, re-
trorsely aculeate ; leaves in fives and sixes, lanceo-
late, acuminate, aculeate on the nerves and mar-
gin : pedicels short.
HAB. Shady wet place*. June — July. 1J. . Stem 1 — 2
ft. high, very leafy ;fl. terminal, white.

* * Fruit hispid.

». G. Aparine : leaves 6 or 8 in a whorl, obovate-lance-
olate, hispid above ; margin and keel prickly ; stem
flaccid, relrorsely aculeate ; fruit with uncinate
bristles.
HAB. Moist thickets. May— June. ©. Stem 3—4
ft. long, procumb. or inclin. ; fl. white ; fruit unci*
nately hispid.

»'. <r. brachiatum: stem flaccid, elongated, brachiate-
ramose, hispid; branches short; leaves in sixes,
oblong-lanceolate, acuminate, smooth ; margin and
keel setaceously ciliate ; flowering branches longer
than the whorls, divaricate and dichotomous ; pedi-
cels 2-flowered ; fruit with uncinate bristles.
HAB. Meadows and woods. June — Aug. -}-•

7. G. micranthum: stem much branched, divaricate,
retrorsely aculeate ; leaves short, lanceolate, mu-
cronate, smooth, margin and keel aculeate ; flower-
ing brandies divaricate ; pedicels 2-flowered.
HAB. Mountain swamps. July. If. Fl. white, very
numerous and small; fruit mostly l-seeded.

'. (1. triflorum: stem procumbent, smoothish ; leave-
in fives and sixes, obovate-lanceotate, mucronate.
smooth, scarcely ciliate on the margin ; flowering
branches elongated, 3-flo\vered at the extremity
flowers pedicellate ; fruit small, hispid.
HAB. Moist thickets. July — Aug. If. Stem weak.
3 — bft. long ; leav. membran. ; flow, branch, axill
and term.

' ( i. pilosum : stem nearly simple, elongated, ascend
iog, with remote joints, bispid ; leaves in fours, oval,
moeronate, very hairy on every part, nerveless ;
flowering branches elongated, nearly simple
flowered at the extremity ; fruit hairy.

TETRANDRIA.— MONOGYNIA.

HAB. Dry woods. July— Aug. If.. Stem \ ft. high .

Jeav. obtuse, punctate ;Jl. purp. ; segments acute.
10. G. circcezans : stem erect, smooth ; leaves in fours,
oval, obtuse, smooth ; margin and nerves ciliate :
peduncles divaricate, few-flowered; flowers re-
mote, subsessile ; fruit nodding, with hooked bris-
tles.

HAB. Rocky woods. June — July. If. Stem 1 ft.

high; branch, at base ; leav. 3~nerved ;fl. purp.

1 1. G. lanceolaturn : stem erect, very smooth ; leaves in

fours, lanceolate, generally acute, smooth, 3-

nerved ; margin subciliate ; peduncles divaricate ;

fruit sessile, nodding, covered with hooked bristles.

HAB. Rocky woods. July. If.. Stem 1 ft. high:
leav. 2 in. long, membran. ;Jl. purple.
\2. G. bermudianum : stem much branched, scarcely
pubescent ; leaves in fours, ovate, obtuse,
smooth, with pellucid dots ; margin and nerves
pubescent ; flowering branches elongated ; fruit
uncinately hispid.

HAB. Pennsylvania. June. If. Leav. linear when
young, 3-nerved; jl. panicled ; seg. of the cor.
lanceol. -}- .
.;. G, boreale: stem straight and erect, branched, ver)
smooth ; branches short ; leaves in fours, linear-
lanceolate, generally obtuse, 3-nerved ; margin in-
volute and scabrous ; flowers in a terminal panicle,
divaricate ; fruit minutely and uncinately hispid.

HAB. Sandy pine woods. Aug. — Sept. 1J. . Stem
18 in. high; pan. pyramidal, crowded ; Jl. white.

107. SPERMACOCE. Rubiaceie.

S. diodina : stem diffuse, terete, hairy ; leaves linear-
lanceolate, nearly smooth : margin and keel serru-
late ; stipules with numerous long bristles ; flower.-
axillary, sessile, solitary, alternate ; fruit hairy.

HAB. Sandy soils. Aug. 0c Stem procumb., 6 — f!
in. long; leav. oppos. ; Jl. white or pale purp.

108. D10DIA. Rubiacece.

D. virginica: smooth ; stem procumbent, nearly te-
rete ; leaves lanceolate ; corolla smooth within :
fruit oblong, smooth.

TETRANDRIA.— MONOGYNIA. 81

HAB. Sandy wet places. Sept % . Stem purp.;
leav. oppos.;Jl. solitary, oppos., white ; cal. subulate.

109. HEDYOTIS. Rubiacece.

H. glomerata: stem assurgent ; leaves lanceolate,
pubescent, attenuate at the base ; flowers fascicled,
axillary and terminal.

HAB. Moist shady places. Aug. 0. Stern 1 — 3 in.
high, simp, or branch., pubes. ;Jl. white, minute.

110. HOUSTONIA. Gentian*.

II. casrulea: stem erect, setaceous, dichotomous ;
radical leaves spathulate-ovate ; peduncles elonga-
ted, 1 -flowered ; segments of the corolla acute.

HAB. Moist rocks. Apr. — May. U . Stems nume-
rous, 4 — 8 in. high; stern leav. narrow ; Jl. blue.

2. H. longifolia : leaves narrow-lanceolate, tapering at

each extremity ; flowers terminal, subsessile ; stem
branched, smooth.
HAB. Mountains. June. If.. Stem suhfaslig. ; Jl. by
threes, purp. ; segments ovate, acute.

3. H. purpurea: stem erect, branched above, pubes-

cent at the joints ; leaves sessile, ovate or lanceo-
late ; fascicles of flowers terminal, corymbose.
HAB. Dry woods. July. If. Leaves broad, rounded
at base, 3-nerv. ; Jl.. purp.
1. H. ciliolata : radical loaves ovale, obtuse, attenuate
at the base ; margin ciliate ; stem-leaves ovate-
apathulate, sessile; flowers in terminal corymbs,
pedicellate ; peduncles trichotomous ; segments of
the calyx linear-lanceolate ; stem smooth, branched
above.
HAB. Moist rocks. If. Stem 4 — 5 in. high; rad.
leav. crowded ; Jl. pale purple.

"». H. pubescens : leaves cuneiform, acute, pubescent;
the inferior ones semi-petiolate, lanceolate ; supe-
rior ones semi-oval, sessile ; panicle trichotomous
terminal.
IIAB. Pennsylvania, -f .

111. MITCHELLA. Partridge-berry. Kubiaco

M. repent.

32 TETRANDRIA.— MONOGYNIA.

HAB. Woods. June — July. y.. Evergreen, creep-
ing, branched, leav. oppos., roundish, petioled.
smooth; Jl. term., white, fragrant.

112. LINNiEA. Caprifolia.

L. borealis.

HAB. Mountain woods. July. U . Evergreen, creep-
ing ; leav. oppos., ovate-round ; pedunc. erect; fl. 2.
drooping, wh. or pale rose-col.

113. SANGUISORBA. Great Burnet. Rosacea:.

J . S. canadensis : spikes cylindrical, very long ; stamens

much longer than the corolla.
HAB. Bog-meadows. Aug. — Oct. If.. Stem 2 ft.

high, smooth; leav. pinnate ; leofl. ovate, serrate ;fl.

white.
2. S. media: spikes cylindrical ; stamens longer than

the corolla ; (calyx subciliate.)
HAB. Wet meadows. July — Aug. 14. Leafl. ovate-

lanceol. ; spik. ovate, red. -{-.

114. CORNUS. Dog-wood, &c. Caprifolia.
* Flowers capitate, surrounded by an involucrum.

1, C. canadensis: herbaceous; upper leaves verticil-

late, veined ; leaves of the involucrum ovate, acu-
minate : drupe globose.
HAB. Mountain meadows and swamps. May — June.
M . Stem 6 in. high; head term., pedunc. ; invol.
white.

2. C. florida : arborescent ; leaves ovate, acuminate ;

involucrum large, with obcordate leaflets.
HAB. Woods. May— June. Tree 15—30//. high:
leav. oppos. ; invol. very targe, white or pale rose-
col.

* * Flowers naked, cymose.
J. C. sericea: branches expanded ; leaves ovate, acu-
minate, silky-ferruginous beneath; cymes depressed,
woolly.
IIAB. Shady moist places. June. Shrub 8— 12 ft.
high ; cymes pedunc. ; fl. white; drupe ovate, blue,
4. C. sanguinea : branches straight ; leaves ovate,
green on both sides ; cymes expanding.

TETRANDRIA.— MONOGYNIA. 83

HAB. Around lakes. June — July. Shrub 8 — 12 ft,
high ; leav. broad ; drupe dark brown. -}-.

5. C. circinata : branches verrucose ; leaves broad]

oval, (orbicular) acuminate, white-downy beneath ;
cymes depressed.
HAB. Banks of rivers, woods. June. Shrub 6 — 8ft.
high ; cyme crowded, nearly smooth ; drupe blue.

6. C. alba: branches recurved, smooth ; leaves ovate,

acute, pubescent, hoary beneath ; cymes depressed.
HAB. Wet woods. — A small tree; branch, slender;
cymes small ; drupe white.

7. C. paniculata : branches erect ; leaves ovate, acumi-

nate, hoary beneath ; cymes panicled.

HAB. Swamps. June. Shrub 8 — 12 in. high; branch,
punct. ; cyme loose ; drupe nearly glob., white.
ft. C. stricta: branches straight, fastigiate ; leaved-
ovate, green on both sides, somewhat naked ;
cymes panicled.

HAB. River banks. June. Shrub 8 — 15 ft. high, sto-
lonif. ; bran, red, punct. ; drupe blue.
'». C. alternifolia : leaves alternate.

HAB. Shady woods and swamps. June. — A small
tree ; branch, mostly verruc. ; drupe purp., globose.

115 LUDWIGIA. False Loose-strife. Onagrcc.

f. L. macrocarpa : stem erect, branched, nearly
smooth ; leaves attenuate, narrow-lanceolate, pale
beneath; peduncles axillary, 1-flowered : capsulr
globose-quadrangular, winged.
HAB. Swamps. July— Aug. y.. Stem 2 ft. high,
purp. ;jl. on short pedunc, yellow ; pet. caducous.

>.. L. pilosa : stem erect, branched, hairy ; leaves al-
ternate, oblong, sessile; peduncles 1-llowered, ax-
illary ; capsules globose, quadrangular, winged.
HAB. Ditches and pools, in sandy soils. July — Aug
'4 . Stem 2 ft. high ; leav. I in. long ;fl. yellow,

'•. ] t . unifiora: stem straight, simple ; leaves alternate,
lanceolate, acute, glabrous ; (lower terminal ; petals

longer than tlic calyx.
HAB. New-Jersey, -f-. Probably L. macrocarpa.

116. ISNARDIA. Onagra:

I. palustri$: creeping ami shining ; leaves opj

N TETRANDRIA.—MONOGYNIA.

ovate-lanceolate, petiolate ; flowers axillary, soli-
tary, sessile ; capsule subovate, slightly angled.
HAB. Stagnant waters. June. V-. Swimming or
creeping, succul. ;fl. minute, quadrang.

7.11 PLANTAGO. Plantain. Plantagines.

t. P. cordata : leaves ovate, cordate, very broad, sub-
dentate, smooth ; spike very long ; flowers subim-
bricated ; the inferior ones scattered ; bracts ovate,,
obtuse.
HAB. Wet meadows. June. If.. Leav. Gin. long.
3 — 4 broad; spike 18 in. long; cells of the cap. 2-
seed.

i. P. major: leaves ovate, smoothish, subdentate..
generally shorter than the petioles ; scape terete :
spike cylindrical, slender ; flowers closely imbri-
cate ; capsules many-seeded.
HAB. Fields, waste grounds, &c. May — Aug. 2£.
Leav. spreading ; scape 8 — 12 m. long, pubes.; dis-
sep. of the cap. plane.

3. P. media: leaves ovate, pubescent, longer than the

petioles ; scape terete : spike short, cylindric ;
cells of the capmle 1 -seeded.
11 AB. Fields. July. i{ . Leaves spreading ; petiolo
short; spike 1 — 2 in. long, dense.

4. P. virginica : hairy-pubescent ; leaves lanceolate-

ovate, subdenticnlate ; spikes cylindrical, with re-
mote flowers ; scape angular.
IIAB. Sandy soils. May — June. $. Plant gray, 2 —
3 i/i. high ; spike yellowish : cap. 2 - seeded : dissep.
plane.
>. P. lanceolata: leaves lanceolate, acute at each end:
spike short, ovate-cylindrical ; scape angular ; cap-
sule 2-seeded.
11AB. Fields, pastures, &x. May — Sept. U . Scape

12 18 in. long : spike brownish ; stum, very long.

♦.;. P. maritima : leaves linear, grooved, fleshy, hairy
near the base; scape terete; spike cylindrical,
bracts rather acute.
IIAB. Salt marshes. Aug.— Sept. U . Scape as long
as the leaves ;fl. rather remote : caps. 2-sceded.
7. P. pusilht: minutely pubescent ; leaves linear-subu-
late, flat, entire, acute : scape terete, slender.

TETRANDRIA.— MONOGYNIA. 58

longer than the leaves ; spike cylindrical, loose ;

lower flowers distant ; bracts ovate, acute, as long

as the calyx.
HAB. Sandy hills and fields. June. 0. Scape 2 — 3. in,

long ; segments of the cal. subul. ; caps, %-seeded.
P. maxima: leaves ovate, subdenticulate, 9-nerved :

spike cylindrical, imbricafe ; scape terete.
HAB. Wet rocky situations. July — Aug. P. cordata

118. BARTONIA. Gentiance.
B. tenella: culm somewhat branched; peduncle**

opposite, the lower ones branched ; segments of

the corolla oval, acute, scarcely longer than the

calyx ; style very short.
HAB. Swamps. Aug. — Sept. 0. Stem 3 — 8 in. high.

very slend. ; leav. bract-like; Jl. small, greenish-white ■

119. EXACUM. Gentiance.

E. pulchellum : calyx 4-parted ; segments subulate .
panicle corymbose ; peduncles filiform.

HAB. Near the sea-coast. Aug. Flowers rose-colour.

120. SWERTIA. Gentiance. Felwort.
S. deflexa: corolla campanulate, with deflexed horns

at the base ; leaves ovate ; branches short.
HAB. Borders oflakes. Aug. $ . Stem 18 in. high

nearly simp.; leav, oppos., sess. ; Jl. greenish-yell.
S. pusilla : corolla rotate, twice as long as the calyx ;

stem simple, 1 -flowered ; leaves oblong.
HAB. High mountains. June. H- . One in. high; leav
1 — 2 pairs ; Jl. large, blue.

121. FRASERA. 'Gentiance. American Colombo.

F. caroliniensis.

HAB. Borders oflakes. July. $ . Stem 3—5/*. high,
erect ; leav. oppos. andverticdl. ; Jl. greenish-yell.
punct.

122. OBOLAIHA. Gtntianss.

O. virginiaca.

Mab. Shady forests. Apr.— May. U . Stem 3-
high. cespit.; leav. oppos. y obovate ;Jl. sublerm..
or reddish, marcescent.

H

86 TETRANDRIA.— DIGYNIA.

123. AMMANNIA. Salicarm.

1. A. raynosior : stem erect, thick, subterete ; leaves

lanceolate, dilated at the base ; lower flowers com
pactly verticillate.
HAB. Brackish meadows. Aug — Sept. 0. Stem
4-8 in. high, simp, or somewhat branched ; pet. purp*

2. A.humilis: stem procumbent at the base, branched,

slender, quadrangular ; leaves lanceolate, alternate
at Ihe base ; flowers solitary.
HAB. Borders of ponds. Aug. © and $. Stem
4 — 7 in. high, rarely simp. ; fl. small, pale purp.

124. PTELEA. Terebintacece.

P. trifoliata : leaves ternate ; flowers in panicles

polygamous.
HAB. Shady moist places. June. Shrub 6 — 8 ft.

high, spreading ; leuv. petiol. ; fl. greenish-white.

125. RIVINA. Alriplices.

R. laevis : racemes simple ; leaves ovate, acuminate.,
glabrous, flat ; stem terete.

HAB. Pennsylvania ? A shrub with the habit of Phy-
tolacca decandra. Fi. in axill. racemes.

126. ALCHEMILLA. Rosacece. Lady's mantle.

A. alpina : leaves digitate, serrate at the extremity-
white and sattiny beneath.
HAB. High mountains. If.. Fl. white.

127. SYMPLOCARPUS. Aroidece. Skunk-cabbage.

S. foetida.

HAB. Swamps and low grounds. Feb. — Apr. If..

Plant fetid; leaves large, ovate-cord. ; spath.purp..

spotted, cucull. ; spadix pedunc.

DIGYNIA.

128. HAMAMELIS. Berberides. Witch-hazel.

H. virginica : leaves obovate, acute, dentate, cor

date, with the sinus small.
HAB. Moist woods. Oct.— Nov. Shrub 6— 12 ft.

high; leav. altern. y large ; fl. axill. , clustered, y el L

TETRANDRIA.— TETRAGYNIA. 3T

B. parvifolia : leaves oblong-ovate, upper part undu-
lately and coarsely crenate ; under surface pubes-
cent, somewhat hirsute ; segments of the calyx
oblong ; stamens and perigynous filaments often
nearly equal.

HAB. Mountains. Smaller than the preceding : jl.
bright yellow.

TETRAGYNIA.

129. ILEX. Rhamni. Holly.

). I, opaca : leaves ovate, spinous, acute, smooth, flat ;
fascicles of flowers loose, on the base of the young-
er branches ; peduncles compound.
HAB. Sandy woods. June. An er:rgreen tree.
10 — 40/i!. high ; leav. coriaceous, shining ; Jl. yell.-
white ; berries red.

2. I. canadensis : leaves deciduous, ovate, very entire,
smooth ; peduncles subsolitary, (or fasciculate,)
very long, 1 -flowered ; fruit obtusely subquad-
rangular.
HAB. Rocky hills and mountains. May — June.
Shrub 3 — 5 ft. high; leav. mucron. ; Jl. dioec.
minute ; berries red.

130. TILLiEA.

T. simplex : stem erect and simple ; leaves connate,
oblong-linear and somewhat acute ; flowers alter-
nate, sessile ; petals erect, twice as long as the calyx.

HAB. Muddy banks of rivers. 0. Plant minute.

131. SAG1NA. Caryophyllcai. Pearl-wort.
1. S. procumbens : perennial ; stem procumbent.

smooth ; petals very short.
HAB. Near springs. 'July. Spreading, 2 — 4 in.

long ; leav. linear-subul. ; pel. son^etimes wanting.
3. apetala : annual; stem erect, pubt scent ; leaves

cuspidate : flowers alternate ; petals very minute

or 0.
HAB. Sandy fields. May — June. Stems numerous

filif. ; leav. subnl. ; Jl. on long pedunc.

JC TETRANDRIA.— TETRAGYNIA.

132. POTAMOGETON. Naiades. Pond-weed.
* Upper leaves floating.

I. P. natans : upper leaves floating; coriaceous, ob-
long-ovate, on long petioles, (subcordate :) lower
ones membranaceous, lanceolate, tapering to afoot-
stalk.
HAB. Lakes and slow streams. July — Aug. V-. Upper
leav. 2 — 3 in. long, 2 broad, nerved ; spike greenish.

1. P.Jluitans: upper leaves floating, coriaceous, ob-
long-lanceolate, petiolate, tapering at the base,
lower ones linear, sessile.
HAB. Ponds and slow streams. July — Aug. V-.
Upper leav. 3 in. long* 1 broad, olive-green ; pedunc.
thick.

). P. heterophyllum : upper leaves floating, petiolate.
elliptical ; lower ones sessile, crowded, linear.
HAB. Ponds and slow streams. Aug. U . Half the
size of the preceding ; submerg. leav. very narrow.

I. P. diversifolium : upper leaves floating, elliptical,
petiolate, 5-nerved ; inferior ones filiform ; spike
axillary, almost sessile, few-flowered.
HAB. Ponds and slow streams. June. U . Stems
filif. ; upper leav. not an in. long ; spik. 4 — 6 fi.

* * Leaves all submerged.

j. P. perfoliatum : leaves amplexicaul, cordate, ovate.
HAB. Rivers and lakes. Aug. Stem dichot. ; leaves
1 in. long, subpelluc. ; spike few-fl.
£. P. lucens: leaves ovate-lanceolate, petiolate.

HAB. Rivers and lakes. Aug. V-. Stem terete;
leav. 2 — 3 in. long, pelluc. reticul. ; spik. cylind.
7. P. crispum: leaves lanceolate, tapering, sessile,
undulate and serrate.
HAB. Lakes. Aug. 1/. Stem subcomp. ; leav. lj in.
long; spik. 8 — 10 Jl.
<. P. compressum: leaves linear, obtuse, sessile ; stem
compressed.

HAB. Slow streams. July — Aug. 11 . Stem much
branch., thick; pedunc. compress. ; spikA — §fl.

10

PENTANDRIA.— MONOGYNIA. 89

'3. P. paucifiorum ; leaves sessile narrow-linear, flat :
spike capitate, 4-flowered ; stem slender, terete.

HAB. Ponds and rivers. Jul} — Aug. li . Stem al-
most Jilif,, much branch. ; spik. on short pedunc.

P. pectinaceum : leaves setaceous, distichously ap-
proximate, sheathing ; stipules almost wanting ;
spike few-flowered, interrupted.

HAB. Ponds. June. U. Stem Jilif., dichot. ; /ear.
numerous ; 4 — 6 in. long ; pedunc. elongat.

133. RUPPIA. Naiades.
11. maritima.
HAB. Salt marshes, ditches. July. U . Floating .•

stem long ; leav. setae, flat ; spadix naked, 2-fl.)

tuith. large.

PENTANDMA.

MONOGYNIA.

A. Seeds naked. (Asperifoliu.)
* Seeds fixed to the bottom of the calyx.

134. PULMONARIA. Cal. prismatic, pentagonal, 6

toothed. Cor. infundibuliform ; border 5-lobed :
orifice naked. Seeds imperforate at the base.

135. LITHOSPERMUM. Cal. 5-parted ; segments

acute, carinate. Cor. infundibuliform ; border 5-
lobed ; orifice naked. Stem included within the
tube of the corolla. Stig. obtuse, bifid. Seeds
imperforated at the base, indurated, shining.

136. ONOSMODIUM. Cal. deeply 5-parted; seg-

ments linear. Cur. subcampanulate ; border ven-
tricose, half 6-cleft ; segments connivent, acute ;
orifice naked. Style much exserted. Seeds
ovate, shining, imperforate at the base.
ECH1UM. Cal. 5-parted; segments subulate
ere< t. Cor. subcampanulate ; tube very short ;
border unequally 5-lobed, the lower segment
acute and renexed ; orifice pervious. Stig. bifid
tuberculate, imperforate at the base.
H 2

90 PENTANDRIA.— MONOGYNIA.

138. MYOSOTIS. Cal. 5-parted, or 5-cleft. Ccr.hy-

pocrateriform ; segments very obtuse ; orifice
closed with connivent scales.

139. LYCOPSIS. Cal. 5-cleft. Cor. infundibuliform ;

orifice closed with ovate, connivent scales. Seeds
perforate at the base.

* * Seeds fixed to a central column.

140. CYNOGLOSSUM. Cal. 5-parted. Cor. short, in-

fundibuliform ; orifice closed with connivent
scales. Seeds depressed.
. ROCHELIA. Cal. 5-parted. Cor. hypocrateriform ;
orifice closed with connivent scales. Seeds echi-
nate, compressed.

B. Flowers 1-petalled, inferior. Seeds in a pericarp-
* Fruit a capsule.
a. Capsule I -celled.
\&. ANAGALLIS. Cal. 5-parted. Cor. rotate, 5-
lobed. Fil. hirsute at the base. Caps, globose,
bursting all round transversely, many-seeded.
143. LYSIMACHIA. Cal. 5-cleft. Cor. rotate, (and
subcampanulate,) 5-cleft. Caps. l-celled,5 — 10-
valved.
: 14 . PRIMULA. Flowers in an involucrate umbel. Cal.
tubular, 5-toothed. Cor. hypocrateriform ; tube
cylindrical ; orifice naked ; border 5-lobed ; lobes
emarginate. Caps. 1-celled, opening with 10
teeth.
DODECATHEON. Cal. 5-cleft. Cor. 5-parted ;
segments reflexed. Fil. very short ; anth. con-
nivent. Caps. 1-celled, oblong, opening at the
apex.
MENYANTHES. Cal. 5-parted. Cor. infundibuli-
form ; border spreading, 5-lobed, equal, hair}
within. Stig. capitate, sulcate. Caps. 1-celled,
2-valved ; valves seminiferous on the sides.
1.4.7. VILLARSIA. Cal. 5-parted. Cor. rotate, 5-lobed ;
segments bearded at the base, with their margins
indexed. Glands (nectaries,) 5, alternating with
the stamens. Stig. 2-lobed. Caps. 1-celled. %•
valved, many seeded.

PENTANDRIA.— MONQGYNIA. gi

148. HOTTONIA. Cal 5-parted. Cor. hypocrateriform.

5-lobed. Stam. seated upon the tube of the co-
rolla. Stig. globose. Caps. 1 -celled, globose,
acuminate.

149. SAMOLUS. Cal. 5-cleft, half superior. Cor. hy~

pocrateriform, 5-lobed, with 5 intermediate scales
(or sterile stamens.) Caps, half inferior, 1 -celled,
5-toothed, many-seeded ; receptacle unconnected.

150. SABBATIA. CaL 5-1 2-parted. Cor. rotate, 5-12^

parted. Stig. 2, spiral. Anth. at length revolute,
Caps. 1 -celled, 2-valved.

151. HYDROPHYLLUM. Cal. 5-parted. Cor.subcam-

panulate, 5-cleft, with 5 longitudinal, margined,
melliferous grooves on the insiste.

/3. Capsule 2-(3-)celled.

152. PHACELIA. Cal. 5-parted. Cor. subcampanulate,

5-cleft, with 5 longitudinal margined melliferous
grooves on the inside. Stam. exserted. Style fili-
form ; stig. 2. Caps. 2-celled, 2-valved, 4-seeded ;
each of the valves septiferous in the centre.

153. SPIGELIA. Cal. 5-parted. Cor. infundibuliform :

border 5-cleft, equal. Anth. convergent. Caps,
didymous, 2-celled, 4-valved, many-seeded.

154. VERBASCUM. Cal. 5-parted. Cor. rotate, 5-lobed,

unequal. Stam. declined, generally bearded. Stig.
simple. Caps. 2-celled, with inflexed valves,
many*-seeded.
I.V>. NICOT1ANA. Cal. tubular, 5-cleft. Cor. infundi-
buliform ; border plicate, 5-cleft. Stam. inclined.
Stig. capitate. Caps. 2-celled, 2 — 4-valved.

156. HYOSCYAMUS. Cal. tubular; border 5-cleft.

Cor. infundibuliform, 5-lobed, irregular ; lobes
entire. Slam, inclined. Caps. 2-celled, opercu-
late.

157. CONVOLVULUS. Cal. 5-parted, naked, or with

2 bracts at the base. Cor. campanulate, plicate.
Stig. 2. Caps. 2 — 3-celled, with as many valves ;
cells 1 — 2-seeded.

158. IPOIVLEA. Cal. 5-cleft, naked. Cor. infundibuli-

form, campanulate, 5-plaited. Stig. capitate* Caps,
2 — 3-celled, many-seeded.

92 PENTANDRIA.— MONOGYNIA.

y. Capsule 3 — b-celled.

159. PHLOX. Cal. deeply 5-cleft ; segments connivent.
Cor. hypocratenform ; border 5-lobed, flat ; tube
more or less curved. Stam. very unequal ; fil.
inserted into the tube of the corolla above the
middle. Caps, subrotund. 3-celled ; cells 1-seeded.
Seeds oblong, concave externally.

J 60. POLEMONIUM. Cal. campanulate, 5-cleft. Cor.
campanulate ; border 4— 5-lobed, erect ; tube
short, closed by 5staminiferous valves. Fil. beard-
ed at the base. Caps, subrotund, 3-celled ; cells
many-seeded ; valves membranaceo-crustaceous.
Seeds oblong, somewhat triangular.

161. DIAPENSIA. Cal. deeply 5-parted, with 3 bracts
at the base. Cor. hypocrateriform ; border 5-
cleft. Fil. compressed, inserted into the summit
of the tube, and alternating with the segments of
the corolla. Caps. 3-ceiled, 3-valved, many-
seeded.

J 62. DATURA. Cal. tubular, angular, deciduous j base
orbicular, persistent. Cor. infundibuliform, pli-
cate. Caps, ovate, 2-celled, 4-valved ; cells 2-
parted.

163. AZALEA. Cal. 5-parted. Cor. short, campanulate.
5-cleft. Stam. equal, shorter than the corolla ;
anih. opening longitudinally. Style straight, in-
cluded. Caps. 5-celled, 5-valved. opening at the
top.

* * Fruit a berry.

vG4. PHYSAL1S. Cal. 5-toothed. Cor. campanulate-
rotate. Stam. connivent. Berry 2-celled, covered
by the inflated calyx.

165. SOLANUM. Cal. 5— 10-parted. persistent. Cor.

rotate, 1-petalled, 5 — 6-lobed. Anth. oblong,
opening at the top by 2 pores. Berry 2 — 6-celled.

C. Flowers \-pelalled, superior.

* Fruit a capsule.

166. CAMPANULA. Ca/. mostly 5-cleft. Cor. campanu-

late, 5-cleft. Fil. dilated at the base. Stig. 3—5-
cieft. Capsule 3-(rarely 5-) celled, open by late-
ral pores.

PENTANDRIA.— M0N0GYN1A. 93

167. LOBELIA. Cal. 5-cleft. Cor. irregular, 5-parted,

cleft on the upper side nearly to the base. Anth.
united into a tube. Stig. 2-lobed. Caps, inferior,
or semi-superior, 2 — 3-celled, 2-valved at the
apex.

168. DIERVILLA. Cal. oblong, 5-cleft, bracteate at the

base. Cor. infundibuliform, 5-cleft, spreading.
Stig. capitate. Stam. a little exserted. Caps, na-
ked, oblong, 4-celled, many-seeded.

* * Fruit a berry.

169. LONICERA. Cal. 5-toothed. Cor. with the tube

elongated ; border 5-cleft, generally unequal.
Stam. exserted. Stig. globose. Berries distinct, 3-
celled, many-seeded.

170. XYLOSTEUM. I lowers by pairs on the summit

of the same peduncle. Cal. 5-toothed, with 2
connate bracts at the base. Cor. 5-cleft, subequal,
or bilabiate. Berries by pairs, more or less con-
nate, 2-celled, many seeded.

171. SYMPHORIA. Cal. minute, 4-toothed, with 2

small bracts at the base. Cor. subcampanulate,
short, 5-cleft, nearly equal. Stam. nearly exserted.
Stig. globose. Berry crowned with the persistent
calyx, 4-celled, 4-seeded ; 2 of the cells some-
times abortive.

172. TRIOSTEUM. Cal. 5-cleft ; segments linear,

nearly as long as the corolla. Cor. tubular, 5-
lobed, subequal, gibbous at the base. Stam. in-
cluded. Stig capitate, lobed. Berry 3-celled, 3-
seeded, crowned with the calyx.

D. Flowers 5-petalled, inferior.
* Fruit a capsule.

173. ITEA. Cal. minute, 5-cleft. Pet. linear, reflexed,

spreading, inserted upon the calyx. Stig. capitate,
2-lobed. Caps. 2-celled, 2-valved, many-seeded.
Seeds attached to the inflexed margins of the
valves.

174. IMPATIENS. Cal. 2-leaved, deciduous. Cor. ir-

regular. ./Vec<.cucullate,calcarate. Anth. cohering
at the apex. Caps, 5-valved, bursting elastically.

94 PENTANDRIA.— MONOGYNIA.

175. VIOLA. Cal. deeply 5-cleft, produced at the base*

Cor. 5-petalled, irregular ; upper petal cornicu-
late at the base. Anth. connivent, cohering. Caps.
1 -celled, 3-valved.

176. CLAYTONIA. Cal. 2-leaved. Pet. 5, emarginate..

Siig. 3-cleft. Caps. 1 -celled, 3-Talved, 3—5-
seeded. Seeds reniform.
177 CEANOTHUS. Cal. turbinate, 5-cleft. Pet. 5 t
saccate and arched, with long claws. Stig. 3=
Caps, tricoccous, 3-celled, 3-seeded, 3-parted,
opening on the inner side.

178. EUONYMUS. Cal. 5-parted, or 5-cleft, its base

internally bearing a pei ate disk. Pet. 5, spread-
ing, inserted on tne outside margin of the glandu-
lar disk. Stam. 5. Caps. 5-angled, 5-celled, 5*
valved, coloured ; cells 2-lobed. Seeds arillate.

179. CELASTRU.S. Cal. 5-lobed, flat. Cor. 5-petalled.

Stam. seated around a 5-toothed glandulous disk.
Caps, or theca obtusely triangular, 3-celled, 3-
valved ; valves septiferous in the centre ; cells
1 — 2-seeded. Seeds covered with a 4-cleft co-
loured anllus.

* * Fruit a berry.

180. RHAMNUS. Ca/.urceolate,4— 5-cleft. Pet A— 5 C

opposite the stamens, (sometimes abortive.) Stam.
4_5. Stig. 2—4 cleft. Berry 3— 4-seeded.

181. VITIS. Cat. minute, 5-toothed. Pet. 5, cohering

at the apex, deciduous. Siig . sessile, obtuse, capi-
tate. Berry 1 -celled, 5-seeded. Seeds subcordate.

182. CISSUS. Cal. minute, 4— 5-toothed. Pet. 4—5,

unconnected above, spreading, deciduous. Germ.
surrounded with a glandulous disk. Berry 2 — 4-
seeded.

E. Flowers 5-petalled, superior.

183. RIBES. Cal superior, campanulate, 5-cleft. Pet.

and stam. inseited upon the calyx. Style 2-cleft.
Berry many-seeded.

F. Flowers incomplete.

184. HAMILTONIA. Polygamous, perfect fl. Cal.

turbinate, campanuiate, 5-cleft. Cor. 0. A r eet.

PENTANDRIA.— DIGYNIA. 95

with the disk 5-toothed. Style 1 ; stig. 2 — 3, sub-
lenticular ; germ, immersed in the nectary. Drupe
pyriform, 1 -seeded, enclosed in the adhering base
of the calyx, stam. fl. resembling the perfect,
except in wanting the pistil.

185. THESIUM. Cal. 1-leaved, tubular-campanulate,

4 — 5-cleft. Anth. attached to the calyx by a tuft
of filaments. Nut 1-seeded, covered with the per-
sistent calyx.

186. ANYCHIA. Cal. 5-parted ; segments oblong, con-

nivent, callous, and subsaccate at the apex. Cor.
0. Fil. 3 — 5, distinct, without intermediate setae.
Stig. subcapitate. Utriculus 1-seeded, covered by
the calyx.

187. GLAUX. Cal. campanulate, 5-lobed, coloured,

Cor. 0. Caps, globose, acuminate, 1 -celled, 5
valved, 5-seeded.

DIGYNIA.

A. Flowers monopetalous, inferior

* Follicles 2.

188. APOCYNUM. Cal. very small, 5-cleft. Cor.

campanulate ; border with 5 short spreading or
revolute lobes. Anth. saggitate, connivent,
cohering to the stigma by the middle. Glandular
teeth 5, acute, alternating with the stamens, and
opposite the segments of the corolla.

189. PERIPLOCA. Cal. 5-cleft. Cor. rotate, flat;

orifice surrounded with an urceolate, 5-cleft-
crown ; segments awned. Anth. bearded on the
back ; pollinia dilated at the apex and united to
the corpuscles of the stigma, solitary, composed
of four confluent grains.

190. GONOLOBUS. Cor. rotate, deeply 5-parted.

Staminial crown (lepa?ithium or nectary) scutel-
liform, pentangular. Anth. opening transversely,
terminated by a membrane. Pollinia 5-pairs,
not separating into grains. Stig. depressed-.
Seeds comose.

96 ' PENTANDRIA.— DIG YNI A.

191. ASCLEPIAS. Cal. small, 5-parted. Cor. rotate,

5-parted, mostly reflexed. Staminial crown sim-
ple, 5-leaved ; leaflets opposite the anthers, with
a subulate averted process at the base. Slig.
with the 5 angles (corpuscles) opening by
longitudinal chinks. Pollinia 5 distinct pairs.

* * Fruit capsular.

192. GENTIANA. Cal. 4— 5 parted, or cleft. Cor.

tubular at the base, campanulate ; border 4 — 6
cleft ; segments ciliate or entire, spreading, erect,
or connivent. Stam. included. Styles fi, or very
short; stig. 2. Caps. 1 -celled, 2-valved ; recept.
2, longitudinal.

193. CUSCUTA. Cal. 4—5 cleft. Cor. 4—5 cleft,

subcampanulate, marcescent. Caps 2-celled,
opening all round transversely ; cells 2-seeded.

B. Corolla 5-petalled, inferior.

194. HEUCHERA. CaL 5-cleft. Pet. 5, small, inserted

into the margin of the calyx. Caps, birostrate.
2-celled, many-seeded.

C. Corolla 5-petalled, superior.

195. PANAX. Polygamous. Flowers in a simple um-

bel. Perfect. Cal. 5-toothed. Pet. 5. Styles
2 — 3. Berry subcordate, 2 — 3-seeded. Sta-
minif. Cal. entire.

D. Flowers incomplete.

196. ATRIPLEX. Polgamous. Perfect vl. Cal.

5-parted, inferior. Cor. 0. Stam. 5. Style 2-
parted. Fruit depressed. Pistilif fl. Cal.
2-parted. Stam. 0. Fruit compressed. Seed
vertical.

197. CHENOPODIUM. Cal. 5-parted, obtusely pen-

tangular. Cor. 0. Style deeply bifid. Seed
lenticular, horizontal, partly covered by the
closing calyx.

198. SALSOLA. Cal. 5-parted. Cor. 0. Style bifid.

Seed 1, horizontal, covered by the connivent ca-
lyx. Embryo cochleate.

PENTAXDRIA.— DIGYNIA.

199. ULMUS. Cat. campanulate, 4— 5-cleft. Cor. 0.
Samara compressed, with a broad membrana-
ceous border.

500. CELTIS. Polygamous. Perfect fl. Cal
inferior 5-parted. Cor. 0. Styles thick, divari-
cate. Drupe 1 -seeded, Stamwif. Cat. 6-partpd
Stam. 6.

E. UMBELUFER/E.
et. Umbels subcapifate.

201. ERYNGIUM. Flowers capitate. Recept. patea

ceous. Involucrum many-leaved, subspinous.
Pet. rcflexed.

202. SANICULA. Umb. nearly simple, capitate. In-

voluc. few-flowered, fl. polygamous. Col. 5
parted, persistent. Fruit oblong, solid, not rib
bed, armed with uncinate bristles.

b. Umbels imperfect. Involucrum obsolete or 0. (Leaves
confluent with the petiole, subsimple.)

803. HYDROCOTYLE. Umbel simple. Fruit with
the back and commissure narrow, laterally com-
pressed, subrotund, 3-ribbod, generally with
reticulate veins.

. 1. mbel perfect. Universal involucrum^ and sometime <
the partial wanting. Fruit ovate, solid, 5-
costate. [Leaves decompound.)

204. SISON. Fruit ovate, solid, 5-ribbed on tbe back ;

intervals convex ; sides contracted ; raphis exca-
vated.

205. CNIDIUM. Involucr. 1 -leaved, or 0. Fruit ovnie.

solid. Ribs 5, acute, somewhat winged ; interval?
-ulcate, striate.

<l. U ml eh perfect. Involucrum generally wanting. 1
corticate, solid or compressed, utricufatc.

206. SBfYRNIUM. Involucr. few-leaved, or 0. Fruit

-olid, ovate ; cortex black, 3-ribbed. Side* con-
tracted from tbe commissure. Albumen white
'"7 CICUTA. Involve, almost wanting. Fruit ovate,
solid, 5-ribbed ; intervals prominent.
I

98 PENTANDRIA.— TRIGYNIA.

e. Fruit hispid.
*08. DAUCUS. Involucr. pinnatifid. Fl. somewhat
radiant ; those of the disk abortive. Fruit ob-
long, with 5 aculeate ribs; intervals angular-
hispid.

f. Fruit pyramidal, rostrate. Involucrum 0.

£09. MYRRHIS. Fruit crowned with the pistils ; rib*
5, acute.

g. Fruit subovatc, costatc, sulcate. Universal and par
tial involucra various.

210. SIUM. Fruit somewhat prismatic, with 5 obtuse
ribs ; intervals subconvex. Involucr. entire.

2M. CONIUM. Fruit ovate, solid, with 5 obtuse ribs.
crenulate when immature ; intervals flat. Umbel
with universal and partial involucra.

212. LIGUST1CUM. Fruit ovate-oblong, with 5 acute-
ribs ; intervals sulcate. Universal and partial
involucra various.

h. Fruit compressed, fiat, often winged. Involucra va-
rious.

1 1 3. HERACLEUM. Fruit with a membranaceous mar
gin ; ribs 3, dorsal, obtuse ; intervals and commis-
sure with clavate spots. Fl. subradiant. Invo-
lucr. 0.
PASTINACA. Fruit oval, margined ; ribs obso
lete ; intervals striate ; commissures 2. Univer-
sal and partial involucra 0.

215. ANGELICA. Fruit subcompressed, with 3 acute

winged ribs; intervals sulcate ; margin membra
naceous.

216. THAPS1A. Fruit narrow, slightly compressed,

nearly ribless, with 2 dorsal and marginal wing?
Involucra 0.

TRIGYNIA.

* Flowers superior.

■ill. VIBURNUM. Cal. minute, 5-toothed, superior
Cor. 5-cleft ; lobes spreading or reflexed. SHg
nas nearly sessile. Berry K c e?'3.ed.

PENTANDRIA.— HEXAGYNIA. 09

US. SAMBUCUS. Cal. minute, 5-cleft. Cor. subro-
tate, 5-cleft. Stigmas minute, sessile. Berry
globose, 1 -celled, 3-seeded.

* Flowers inferior.

219. RHUS. CW. 5-parted. Pet. 5. £ern/ small, sub-

globose, with one bony seed.

220. STAPHYLEA. Cal. 5-parted, coloured. Petah

5, inserted upon the margin of a glandular, pen-
tangular disk. Caps. 2 — 3, inflated, partly uni-
ted. Seeds 1 — 2 in each capsule, subglobcse.
with a lateral cicatrix.

TETRAGYNIA.

221. PARNASSIA. Cal. 5-parted, persistent. Pet. b-

inferior. JVect. of 5 scales, inserted into the
claws of the petals, fringed with capitate cilia?.
Stig. 4, sessile. Caps. 1-celled, 4-valved ; valves-
hearing incomplete dissepiments in the middle.
Seeds membranaceously margined.

PENTAGYNIA.

J22. ARALIA. Flowers umbelled. Cal. 5-toothed.

superior. Pet. 5. Stig. sessile, subglobose.

Berry 5-celled, 5-seeded.
-J23. STATICE. Cal. inferior, 1 -leaved, entire, plaited.

scarious. Pet. 5. Caps. 1 -seeded, without valves

covered with the persistent calyx.
J 24. LINUM. Cal. deeply 5-parted, persistent. Pet.

5, unguiculatc. Fit. united at the buse. Caps.

superior, subglobose, 10-valved, 10-celled. Seed?

solitary, ovate, compressed.
!25. SIBBALDIA. Cal. 10-cleft, with the alternate

segments narrower. Pet. 5, inserted in the

calyx. Styles proceeding laterally from the ger-

men. Seeds 5, clustered in the bottom of tlir

calyx.

HEXAGYNIA.

DROSERA. Cal. deeply 5-cleft, persistent.
5. Anth. ad n ate. Style* »;. Caps, superior, ■'•
lied, 3 — 5-valved. many'

100 PENTANDRIA.— MONOGYNIA.

POLYGYNIA.

til. XANTIIORHIZA. Cat. 0. Pet. 5, Met. b,

obovate, pedicellate. Caps. 5 — 8 ; 1 -seeded
half2-valved.

MONOGYNIA,

134. PULMONARIA. Lung-wort. Boraginea.

P. virginica : smooth ; stem erect ; calyx much
shorter than the tube of the corolla ; radical leaver
obovate-oblong, obtuse ; stem leaves narrower.

HAB. Banks of rivers. May. If. Leav. smooth,
subglauc. ;fl. in term, racem., large , bine.

135. LITHOSPERMUM. Gromwell. Boraginea.

1. L. arvense : stem erect, branched; leaves linear-

lanceolate, rather acute, veinless, hairy; calyx
nearly as long as the corolla, with spreading seg-
ments ; seeds rugose.
HAB. Fields. Apr. — May. G- Hispid ly pilose, C—
12 in. high;fl. solitary, axilL, small, white.

2. L. officinale . stem erect, much branched ; leaves

lanceolate, acute, nerved, scabrous above, hair)
beneath ; calyx as long as the tube of the corolla ;
seeds smooth.
HAB. Massachusetts. May. U. Stem. 2 ft. high
scabr. ;Jl. axill., solit. y pedicell., pale yellow.

5, L. maritimum: very smooth; stem procumbent,
branched ; leaves oval, spathulate, fleshy ; corolla
scarcely twice the length of the calyx.
HAB. Sea shores. July. U. Stem diffuse ; jiedunc
lat . \-jl. ; cor. subcampan., blue.

\. L. canescens : stem erect, simple, villous ; leave*
oblong, obtuse, silky above, subvillose beneath ;
tube of the corolla as long again as the calyx.
HAB. Fairfield, New-York. June. U . Root large,
red;jl. subterm., bright orange.

>. L. denticulatum : stem erect; leaves nervose, sub-
glabrous, acute ; margin scabrous, with minute
teeth ; radical ones ovate ; those on the stem ob-
long ; segments of the calyx denticulate on the mar

PENTRANDRIA.— MONOGYNIA. 101

HAB. New-York. June. H . Stem. 6— 10 i.
pedunc. many-Jl. ; cor. purple.
>j. L. hirtum : plant hirsute ; floral leaves ovate ; stem
leaves oblong ; calyx with long, lanceolate seg-
ments,
HAB. Pennsylvania. U. Stem 8 — 12 in; high ; ft.
in a term, raceme, orange.

136. ONOSMODIUM. Boraginece.

I. 0. hispidum : plant hispid; leaves obovate-lanceo-
late, papillose-punctate ; segments of the corolla
subulate.
HAB. Dry hills. Aug. U. Stem 1—2 ft. high; leav.
subtriply nerved; f. in leafy racemes, white.
-'. 0. molle : whole plant white villose ; leaves oblong-
oval, somewhat triply nerved ; segments of the co-
rolla semi-oval
HAB. Western countries. U« Resembles the prece-
ding, but has broader segments to the corolla.

7. ECMIUM. Viper's bugloss. Boraginew.

E. vulgare : stem tuberculide -hispid ; leaves linear-
lanceolate, hispid ; spikes lateral ; stamens longer
than the corolla.

HAB Hillsides. May— July. $. Stem 2— 3 ft
high; leav. very hispid; sptk, secund, recurved .. ft
blue.

138. MYOSOTIS. Scorpion-grass.

M. palustris: leaves lanceolate, a little scabious with
appressed hairs; peduncles divergent when in fruit,
twice as ! ng i-toothed spreading calyx ;

border of the corolla flat, longer than the tube.
UAB. Ditches and rivulets. May— July. U. Stem
a ft. high, slend. ; racemes long ; fl. small, i.
blue.
'. M. arvensis: loaves oblong-lanceolate, hairy;

ag ; ped t, spreading when in

fruil ; cal ' ; limb of the c

ding, about a^ long as the tube.
\ B. Sandy woods. June. Q. Plan:

IW PENTANDRIA.— MONOGYNIA.

139. LYCOPSIS. Small Bugloss. Boragine*.
L. arvensis: leaves lanceolate, semiamplexicaul, re

pand-denticulate, very hispid; racemes leafy ; calyx

erect.
HAB. Sandy fields. July. 0. Very hispid; Jl. blue ,

seeds reticulate.

140. CYNOGLOSSUM. Hound's tongue. Boragineu.

I. C. officinale : leaves broad-lanceolate, attenuate at the
base, sessile, downy : stamens included.
HAB. Road sides. June— July. $. Didl green,
14 — 2 ft. high; jl. panic, pur p. -red ; seeds rough, i

I. C. "virginicum: leaves oval-oblong, acute, hairy ; up
per ones cordate and amplexicaul at the base ; co-
rymb on a long, naked peduncle.
HAB. Moist woods. May. U • Stem 2— 3 ft. high
retrorsely hairy ; leaves large ; Jl. blue and white.

Ml. ROCHELIA. Boragineu;.
■• Lappula: stem branched above ; leaves lanceo-
late, with incumbent hairs ; corolla longer than the
calyx ; border erect-spreading ; seeds with 2 row-
of hooked prickles on the margin.
HAB. Road-sides, kc. July — Aug. 0. Stem panic
above, 1 Jl. high ; J'uwcrs minute, blue.
>, R. virginiuna : leaves oblong-lanceolate, acuminate,
scabrous above ; racemes divaricate ; flowers nod-
ding when m fruit ; fruit densely covered with
hooked prickles.
IIAB. Rocky hills. July. <£. Stem 2 ft. high, hairy ;
leaves large ; Jl. very small, while.

142. ANAGALL1S. Pimpernel. Lysimachiw.

A. arvtnsis : stem procumbent ; leaves ovate, sessile,
dotted beneath; segments of the corolla dilated.,
crenate-glandular.

HAB. Sandy iielcs, &c. June — July. ©. Stem quad-
rang. ; leav. oppos. ; ft. solitary, axil I. scai-lei.

143. LYSIMACHIA. Loosestrife. Lysimachut.

L. stricta : raceme terminal, very long, lax ; leave
opposite, lanceolate, sessile.

PENTANDRIA.— M0N0GYN1A. 109

HAB. Low grounds. July — Aug. U . Very smooth; 18
in. high ; axils often bulbif. ; fl. yell.

2. L. quadrifolia : leaves verticillate, in fours and fives,

ovate-lanceolate, acuminate ; peduncles axillary, 1-
flowered, by fours ; segments of the corolla oval,
entire, often obtuse.
HAB. Low grounds. June — July. H. Stem 12 — 16
in. high, a little hairy ; leav. punct. ; fl. yell. ; stam,
uneq.

3. L. ciliata: stem nearly smooth ; leaves opposite, on

long petioles, subcordate-ovate, acuminate ; petioles
ciliate ; peduncles subgeminate ; flowers nodding.
II A B. Low grounds. July. U . Stem 2 — 3 ft. high .
leav. large ; stam. nearly equal, with intermed. teeth,

1. L. hyhrida: stem smooth ; leaves opposite, petiolate,
lanceolate, acute at each extremity ; petioles ciliate ;
flowers nodding ; peduncles axillary ; corolla ere
nulate.
HAB. Swamps. July — Aug. U . 18 in. high ; inf.
leav. ovate-Ian. ; stam. nearly equal, with intermed.
teeth. *

"j. L. longifolia : stem branched, smooth ; leaves oppo-
site, sessile, linear, very long ; upper ones in fours .
peduncles by fours, subterminal, 1 -flowered ; seg-
ments of the corolla ovate, acuminate, serrulate.
HAB. Wet woods. U . Stem 2— 3 ft. high ; leav. 2
I in. broad, flat ; floral ones verticil I. ; stam. subequal.

o. L. capitata: stem subsimple, punctate ; leaves oppo-
site, sessile, broad-lanceolate, punctate; peduncles
axillary, elongated; flowers in dense subglobosr
heads, G — 7- parted.
HAD. Swamps. June. U. Stem IQ in. high, terete ;
leav. punct. ; heads pedunc. ; stam. G — 7, much ex-
scrted.

T. L. revoluta : stem quadrangular, branched ; leave-
opposite, sessile, long linear ; margin revolute ; pe
duncles I -flowered, Bubterminal, nodding
HAB. Wet calcareous rocks. Aug. U. I'cry smooth,
12 — 18 in. high; leaves .'3 in. long, % tin. broad ;
tinlh. very large.

ill. PRIMULA. Primrose. Lysiniachur.

P. forinosa .3. amtricana r leaves oboyate apatho-'

PENTANDRIA— MONOGYNIA.

late, repandly crenate-dentate, pulverulent be-
neath; umbel many -flowered; peduncles spread-
ing ; border of the corolla flat, as long as the tube,
with obtuse, obcordate segments.
IIAB. Shores of lakes. H. Leaves all rad.witha
yellowish- green powder beneath; fl. pale purp.

115. DODECATHEON. American Cowslip.

Lysimachim.

I. D. meadia : leaves oblong-oval, repandly toothed ,
umbel many flowered, lax ; bracts oval.
HAB. Rocky river sides- May. U. Leav. rad., A
in. long: scape 8 — 10 in. long; Jl, nodding, -purp.
I. D. integrifotium : leaves oblong-oval, subspathulate :
umbel few-flowered, straight ; bracts linear.
HAB. Mountains. U . FL pale blue, smaller than the
preceding.

146. MENYANTHES. Buck-bean. Gentians.

M. trifoliate: leaves ternate.

(TAB. Swamps. May. H . Stem a span high ; leaflet*
obovate : fl. reddish-white, in a pyramidal raceme.

147. VILLARS1A. Gentiance.
V. lacunosa : leaves reniform, subpeltate, slightly

crenate, lacuuose beneath ; petioles bearing the

flowers : corolla smooth.
HAB. In ponds, floating. Au<;. U . Petioles very long ;

leav. 1 in. long ; fl. subumbellate, white.

148. HOTTONIA. Water-feather. Lysimachice.
B. inflata : scape articulate, with thfi inte modes and
lower part inflated ; flowers verticillate, peduncu-
late.
OAB. Swamps, — subaquatic. H. Stem thick ■ tear.
ctinnte ; fl. white.

M9. SAMOLUS. Brookweed. Lysimachim.

>. valerandi: stem erect ; leaves obovate ; raceme?

elongated, many-flowered.
HAB. Wet places. June— Oct. U. 8-^10 in. High
a., minute, a : -.

PENTANDRIA.— M0N0GYN1A. 105

150. SABBATIA. Genliance.

1. S. campanulata : leaves sublinear ; calyx as long as

the corolla.
HAB. Wet pastures. Afoot high, terete; fi> subsoil
tary, purp.; seg. of cal. subulate.

2. S. stellaris : stem terete ; branches dichotomous..

elongated, 1-flowered ; leaves lanceolate, acute ,
segments of the calyx subulate, half as long as the
corolla ; segments of the corolla obovate.
HAB. Salt-marshes. Aug. $ . Afoot high, subangular;
fl. rose-col., with a yell, centre.

3. S. angularis : stem quadrangular, somewhat winged :

leaves ovate, amplexicaul ; peduncles elongated,
corymbed ; segments of the calyx lanceolate, much
shorter than the corolla.

HAB. Moist meadows. Aug. ©and $. A foot high,
branched; fl. rose-col.; seg. obovate.
\. S. calycosa : stem erect, few-flowered ; leaves ob-
long ; flowers solitary, 7— 9-parted ; calyx folia
ceous, longer than the corolla.

HAB. Wet meadows. £? Afoot high, very leafy ;
segments of the cal. lanceol. ;fl. rose-col.
5. S. chloroides : stem weak ; leaves lanceolate, erect ;
branches 1-flowered; flowers 7 — 12-parted ; seg-
ments of the calyx linear, shorter than the corolla.

HAB. Brackish bog-meadows. Aug. £. Stem 2 — 3
ft. high; fl. mostly 9-parted, 2 in. in diameter,
bright rose-colour.

0. S. corymbosa : leaves ovate, closely sessile ; stem

acutely angled ; flowers corymbed ; segments of the
calyx subulate, much shorter than the corolla.
HAB. Swamps. Aug.— Sept. U. A foot high: co-
rymb, fcw-fl. ; fl. white, sometimes 4-paried.

151. HYDROPHYLLUM. Water-leaf. Boragincu

1. H. virginicum : stem nearly smooth ; leaves pinna

tifid and pinnate ; segments oval-lanceolate, with
deep serratures ; fascicles of flowers conglomerate
peduncles longer than the petioles.
HAB. Woods. May— June. U . Stem U ft. high.
leav. 2 — 3. large; cor. white, with . purp. reins.
I. II. canadense: somewhat hairy; leave* angulark

|*6 PENTANDRIA.— MONOGYNIA.

somewhat 5 lobed, remotely serrate ; peduncle

shorter than the petioles.
IIAB. Woods and mountains. June. U . Leav. on

long petiol., suhcordate ;fi. white and pur p.
>. H. appendiculatum : very hairy ; radical leaves sub-

pinnatifid ; cauline ones angularly lobed ; sinuses oi

the calyx with minute oval appendages.
HAB. Shady wet rocks. May. $ Almost hispid ;

fl. subpanic, on short pedunc, hive.

152. PHACELIA. Boraginece.

T. P. bipinnatifida : stem erect; leaves pinnatifid ; seg

ments incisely lobed ; racemes mostly bifid, oblong,

many-flowered ; divisions of the corolla entire.
HAB. Mountainous regions. May — June. U ? Hairy;

j\. in term, subsecund racemes* blue.

2. P. fimbriata : stem ascending, hairy ; leaves with

undivided lobes ; segments of the corolla fimbriate.
HAB. Western countries. U,0. Racemes short, at
first revolute ; cal. hispid ;Jl. blue.

3. P. parviflora : stem diffuse, pubescent ; leaves sub-

sessile, phraatifid , wguHjntS oblong, rather obtuse,

entire ; racemes solitary ; pedicels short ; segment*
of the corolla round, very entire.
IIAB. Pennsylvania. May. 0. Stem 6 — 8 in, high ,

slender ;fl. pale blue or white; stam. short.

153. SPIGELIA. Carolina Pink-root. Gentiancr.

S. marilandica : stem simple, quadrangular ; leaves

all opposite, sessile, ovate-lanceolate.
HAB. Woods. June. U- A foot high; fl. fusiform.
crimson, in a secund terminal raceme.

154. VERBASCUM. Mullein. Solanea:.

i. V. Thapsus : leaves decurrent, woolly on both sides ;
raceme spiked, dense ; two of the stamens glabrous.
HAB. Fields, road-sides, &c. June— Aug. $. Stem
3 — ft ft. high;fl. bright yellow in very long spikes.
.'. V. Blaitaria : leaves amplexicaul, oblong, smooth, ser
rate ; peduncles 1 -flowered, solitary
HAB. Old fields he. June— July. V 2 fi' hi 8 h >
ang. ; raceme leafy ; pedicels 1 in. long : stam. uneQ
«.. alba : leaves toothed ; flowers white.
H. lutea : leaves doubly serrate ; flowers yellow.

PENTANDRIA.— MONOGYNIA. i07

'. V. Lychnilis : leaves oblong-cuneiform, naked above :
stem angular, panicled.
HAB. River banks. $. Leaves very woolly beneath,
fl. pale yellow.

155. NICOTIANA. Tobacco. Solanea?,

N*. rustica: stem terete ; leaves petiolate, ovate, vert-
entire ; tube of the corolla cylindrical, longer than
the calyx ; segments round.

HAB. Borders of lakes. 0. Viscosc-pubes. lift.
high ;fl. in a term, pan., dull greenish- yellow. §

156. HYOSCYAMUS. Henbane. Solanece,

II. niger : leaves amplexicaul, sinuate ; flowers sub

sessile ; corolla reticulate.
HAB. Road-sides and rubbish. June. 0, $. His
pidly-pilose, foetid ; fl. in recurved spikes, dingy yel-
low. §
157. CONVOLVULUS. Bind weed. Convolvuli
1. C. arvensis : stem climbing; leaves sagittate, with
the lobes acute; peduncles mostly 1 -flowered ;
bracts acute, remote from the flowers.
II AB. Fields. V-- June. Stem a little hairy ; leav .
obtuse ; fl. smalt, white ; stig. linear.
\ C. Sepium : stem climbing; leaves sagittate; very
acute ; lobes truncate ; bracts close to the flower,
acute, longer than the calyx ; peduncles quadran
gular, 1 -flowered.
HAB. Hedges ami low grounds. June — July. 2£.
Lcav. cordate-sagittaie ; pedunc. long ; fl. lar<re f
white.
I G. panduratus : stem climbing ; leaves cordate, entire
or lobed, pandunform ; peduncles long; flowers
fasciculate ; calyx smooth ; corolla tubular-cam-
panulate.
HAB. Sandy fields, if.. Aug. Root very large;
tiem mostly trailing ; pedunc. 1 — I fl. ; tube of th:
cor. pur p.

tpithamceus : stem erect or trailing ; leaves oval
or oblong, subcordate, pubescent ; peduncles l-
flowered, generally longer than the leaves.

tods. June. U. Stem 1 — 3 ft. long,
. obtztsc or acum. ; bracts l:v<rr.

103 PENTANDRIA.— MONOGYNIA.

158. IPOMJEA. ConvolvulL
I. I. purpurea: leaves cordate, entire ; peduncles 2—
3-flowered ; pedicels incrassated, nodding ; capsule
smooth.
IIAB. Cultivated grounds and waste places. Julj r —
Aug. 0. Stem hairy, twining ; cor. large, blue
and purp.
2i I. lacunosa: stem smooth; leaves cordate, acumi-
nate, angular at the base ; peduncles short, gene-
rally 1 -flowered ; calyx hairy ; corolla tubular,
short ; capsule hairy.
HAB. Pennsylvania. Aug.— Sept. ©. Flower?
white, with a purp. rim.
5, I. Ml: stem hairy ; leaves cordate, 3-lobed ; pe-
duncles short, 1— 3-flowered ; calyx very vil-
lous ; segments acuminate.
HAB. Hedges and gardens. ©. Leaves acuta., 3-
f lobedwhen old ; cor. infund., white at base.

159. PHLOX. Polemonia.
L. P. paniculata: stem erect, smooth; leaves lanceo-
late, flat ; corymb paniculate ; segments of the
corolla rounded.
HAB. Moist meadows. V-. June. Stem 2— 3 ft.
high; leav. acum. ; cor. purp. ; tube pubes.
I. P. pyramidalis : erect, smooth ; stem scabrous ;
leaves cordate-ovate, acuminate ; panicle fastigiate,
pyramidal; segments of the corolla cuneate ; trun-
cate ; teeth of the calyx somewhat erect, lanceo-
late, acute.
HAB. Mountain meadows. Aug. If.. Stem 2-— 3
ft. high, spotted with red ; fl. purp. ; teeth of the
cal. short.
A. P. maculala : erect ; stem scabrous and spotted ;
leaves oblong-lanceolate, smooth, scabrous on the
margin ; panicle oblong, many-flowered ; segments
of the corolla rounded ; teeth of the cahx acute,
recurved.
HAB. Rich moist meadows. June. V-. Stem 2 L r

ft. high, simp. ; upper leav. ovate; Jl. pale purp.
%. suaveolens : stem not spotted ; corolla white.
• f. P. aristala : stem erect, weak, viscid -pubescent \
leave? linear-lanceolate ; panicle lax. fastigiate :

PENTANDRIA.— MONOGYNIA. 109

segments of the corolla obovate ; tube curved,
pubescent ; teeth of the calyx very long, subulate.

MAB. Wet meadows. June. l[. Stem \j ft. high,
villose-pubes. ; teeth of the cal. aristate ; cor. pale
purp. or white.

P. divaricata : stem low, pubescent, decumbent ;
leaves oval-lanceolate ; upper ones alternate ;
branches divaricate, loose, few-flowered ; segments
of the corolla obcordale ; teeth of the calyx subu-
late-linear.

HAB. Rocky banks. July, li . Stems numerous,
9 — 12 in. high : fl. in term, pan., blue ; cal. erect.

P. reptans : pubescent, with creeping stolons ; radi-
cal leaves spathulate-obovate ; stem-leaves oval-
lanceolate ; corymb few-flowered, divaricate ; seg-
ments of the corolla obovate ; teeth of the calyx
subulate, reflexed.

HAB. Mountains. June. ii. . Stem 6 — 8 in. high,
erect; corymb i — 6-/1.; cal. pubes. ;fl. blue-

P. subulata: cespitose, pubescent; leaves 1'near-
subulate, rigid, ciliate ; corymb few-flowered;
segments of the corolla cuneate, emarginate ; calyx
with subulate teeth about as long as the tube of the
corolla.

HAB. Rocky hills. April — May. H. Procumb.,
branching, 3 — 4 in. high ; lower leav. fascic. ; fl.
pink.

P. setacea : cespitose, pubescent : leaves fasciculate*
subulate, ciliate, rigid ; flowers few, terminal, some-
what umbelled ; segments of the corolla cuneate,
emarginate ; teeth of the calyx subulate, much
shorter than the tube of the corolla.

HAB. Rocks and sandy hills. May. V-. Stem as -
surgent ; leav. longer than Ao. 7. ; fl. pale rose-col

100. POLEMONIUM. Jacobs-ladder. Polcmoma.

P. reptans : leaves pinnate ; leaflets about 7 ; flow

ers terminal, nodding.
HAB. Fertile hills. May U Root creeping; stctn

f.rcct, 1 ft. high; fl. aubcorymb.. blvc.
K

1 10 PENTANDRIA.— MONOGYNIA.

161. DIAPENSIA. Convolvuli.

J. D. lapponica : cespitose ; leaves spathulate, smooth

flowers pedunculate ; anthers simple.
HAB. High mountains. June. U . Evergreen .

leav. much crowded, a little recurv.;Jl. term., white.
2. D. barbulata : creeping; leaves cuneate-lanceolate,

pubescent at the base ; flowers sessile ; anthers

beaked at the base.
HAB. Pine barrens and high mountains. May —

June. Evergreen, forming mats ; fl. solit., term..

white.

162. DATURA. Thorn-apple. Solanem.

D. Stramonium : capsule spiny, erect ; leaves ovate,

smooth, angular-dentate.
HAB. Waste-places. July — Sept. 0. Stem 2 — 7

ft. high, dichot., green ; fl. solitary, axill., white.
3. Tatula : stem and flowers purple.

163. AZALEA. Rhododendra.

A. procumbens.

HAB. High mountains. July. Tj • Evergreen, ces-
pitose, 3 — 4 in. long; leav. oppos., ellipt. ; fl. in
small term, umb., rose-col.

164. PHYSALIS. Ground-cherry. Solanea.

1. P. obscura : pubescent ; stems prostrate, divaricate ;

leaves broad-cordate, subsolitary, unequally and
coarsely toothed ; flowers solitary, nodding ; calyx
very hairy.
HAB. Woods and hills. Aug. © . Stem forked .
leav. on long petioles ; fl. pedunc, dull yell.

2. P. vicosa : leaves by pairs, subcordate-oval, repanw.

obtuse, subtomentose ; stem herbaceous, panicu-
late above ; fruit bearing calyx pubescent.

HAB. Road sides, &c. ©. Stem erect, 2—3 ft.
high, dichot.; fl. yell., spotted at the base.
}. P. pennsylvanica : leaves ovate, subrepand, obtuse.
nearly naked ; stem herbaceous, branched ; pedun
cles solitary, a little longer than the petioles.

HAB. Road sides and rubbish. July — Sept. U .
Erect or procumb., 1 ft. high ; fl. yell., not spotted

PENTANDR I A.— MONOGYNIA. 1 1 1

.P. lanceolate : leaves geminate, oval-lanceolate-
entire, narrowed at the base into a petiole ; stem
herbaceous, dichotomous ; calyx villous.
HAB. Pennsylvania. V-. Stem 1—2 ft. high,
densely pubes. ; Jl. pale yell., spotted.

165. SOLANUM. Nightshade. Solanece.

i. S. Dulcamara: stem fruticose, flexuous, withoui
thorns ; leaves ovate-cordate ; superior ones has-
tate ; corymbs opposite the leaves.
HAB. Low grounds. July — Aug. T?. Climbing:
Jl. in lateral clusters, violet; berries red.

2. S. nigrum }. virginianum : stem herbaceous, with-

out thorns, angular, toothed ; leaves ovate, ob-
tusely toothed and waved ; flowers subumbelled.
HAB. Old fields, &c. July— Aug. © . Stem dif-
fuse, slightly winged ; Jl. white ; berries black.

3. S. carolinense : stem annual, aculeate ; leaves ovate-

oblong, tomentose, hastate and sinuate-angular,
acuminate ; racemes simple, lax.
HAB. Fields. June. V- . Erect, branched, 1 ft.
high, armed with yell, prickles ; Jl. xvhite or pale
Hue ; berries yell.

166. CAMPANULA. Bell-flower. Campanula.

i. C. rotundifolia : glabrous; radical leaves reniform-
cordate, crenate ; cauline ones linear, entire ; pa*
nicle lax, few-flowered.

HAB. Rocky river banks. June. If.. Root creep-
ing ; stem erect; fl. few, drooping^ blue.
2. C. amplexicaulis : stem simple, erect; leaves cor-
date, crenate, amplexicaul ; flowers axillary, sessile.,
glomerate.

HAB. Fields and dry hills. May— July, © . Stem
8 — 12 in. high, hispid ; leav. veined ; Jl. purp.
. americana : leaves ovate lanceolate, much acumi-
nate, membranaceous, uncinately serrate ; lower
ones subcordate, with the petioles ciliate ; flowers
subsolitary, nearly sessile, in a terminal leafy ra-
ceme ; corolla subrotate ; style exserted.

HAB. Wet rocks. Aug. ^. Stem 2 ft. high,
simp. ; pedicels short, clavate ; fl. blue, flat.

112 PENTANDRIA.— MONOGYNIA.

I. C. acuminata: nearly smooth ; stem straight, erect,
leaves lanceolate, attenuated to a long point, sub-
serrate ; spike fasciculate, many-flowered; corolla
subrotate.

HAB. High mountains. %. Stem erect, 2 — 3 ft,
high ; leav. remotely serrate ; ft. by threes, blue.
5. C. aparanoia'es : stem blender, branched, acutely
subtriangular ; angles, with the margin and nerves
of the leaves, retrorsely aculeate ; leaves linear-
lanceolate, smooth above ; peduncles few, terminal,
filiform, flexuous, 1 -flowered.

HAB. Wet meadows. June — Aug. © . Erect or
diffuse, 1 ft. high ; leav. dentic. ; ft. small, white.

167. LOBELIA. Lobeliucece.

1 . L. Dortmanna : leaves linear, fleshy, 2-celIed, ob-

tuse ; scape nearly naked ; flowers racemed, remote.
HAB. Swamps. — subaquatic. July. If.. Leaves
immersed : radical ones spreading ; scape long.
3 — 4-ft ; cor. blue.

2. L. Kalmii : whole plant smooth; stem slender,

erect, branched ; leaves linear, remotely denticu-
late ; radical ones spathulate ; raceme lax, few-
flowered, leafy ; peduncles longer than the fruit,
with 2 minute bracts near the flower ; capsule at-
tenuate at the base.
HAB. Rocky banks of rivers. July — Aug. $ ?
Stem 12 — 18 in. high ; pedunc. 1 in. long ; ft. pah
blue.

j. L. Nuttallii : stem erect, minutely scabrous, simple,
or with filiform branches ; leaves oblong-linear,
denticulate ; flowers in slender racemes, distant ;
peduncles coloured, shorter than the flower, with
minute bracts near the base ; capsule obtuse be-
low.
HAB. Borders of sandy swamps. Aug. $. Stem
slender, 2 ft. high ; seg. of the cal. longer than thf
caps. ; ft. pale blue.

t. L. Claytoniana : stem erect, simple, pubescent ;
leaves oblong, pubescent, obtuse, nearly entire ;
radical ones spathulate : raceme virgate, naked ;

PENTANDRIA.— MONOGYNIA. lis

segments of the calyx subulate ; nearly as long as
the tube of the corolla.
HAB. Dry woods and fields. Aug. 2£. Stem 1J — 2
ft. high; rad. leav. nearly entire ; fi. patt blue,
o. L. puberula : pubescent ; stem erect, simple ; leaves
oblong-oval, obtuse, repand-serrulate ; *pike se-
cund, leafy at the base ; segments of the calyx
longer than the tube of the corolla, ciliate.
HAB. Mountains. Sept. M . Stem 2 ft. high:
rad. leav. obovate ; sinuses of the cal. reflexed ; fi.
large, blue.

6. L. siphilitica : stem erect, rather hairy; leaves

ovate-lanceolate, unequally serrate ; raceme leafy ;
calyx hairy, with the sinuses reflexed.
HAB. Wet meadows. Sept. ii . Stem lj— 2 ft.
high ; fi. on short pcdic, large, bright blue.

7. L. infiata : stem hairy, branched ; leaves ovate-lan-

ceolate ; racemes leafy, somewhat paniculate ; cap-
sules inflated.

HAB. Fields. Aug. 0. Acrid, a foot or more
high ; leav. crenate ; fi. pedunc, small, pale blue.
&. L. Cardinalis: stem erect; leaves oblong-lanceolate,
serrate ; raceme secund, somewhat leafy ; stamens
longer than the corolla.

HAB. Wet grounds. July — Aug. y.. 2 ft. high,
very smooth ; fi. large, bright scarlet.

168. DIERV1LLA. Caprifolia.
1). Tournefortii.
1IAB. Rocky woods. June. ^. Shrub 2 — 3 r f

high, branched ; leav. oppos., ovate, acum., serraL '.
pedunc. axilL, 2 — 3-fi. ; cor. yell.

169. LONICERA. Honey-suckle. Caprifolia.

i ],. hirsuta: spikes verticillate, terminal, subcapitate,
L'landular-pubescent ; leaves broad-ovate and obo-
vate, pubescent and ciliate, glaucous beneath ■
upper ones connate-perfoliate, nearly smooth.
!JAB. Rocky woods. June Tj. Climbing; leav
decid., nearly scss., sometimes almost smooth ; fi
veil., pubes. ; berries orange, glandular -pub es.
K 8

14 PENTANDRIA.— MONOGYNIA.

, L. flava : spikes verticillate, capitate, terminal ; co-
rolla somewhat ringent ; segments oblong, obtuse ;
leaves ovate, glaucous beneath, with a cartilaginous
margin ; upper ones connate-perfoliate.
HAB. Mountains. June — July. Tj. Climbing;
leav. decid., smooth, veined ; Jl. bright yell.; tube
hairy.

, L. parvijlora: spikes verticillate, capitate; leaves
deciduous, glaucous beneath, all of them connate-
perfoliate ; corolla ringent, gibbous at the base :
filaments bearded.
HAB. Rocky places. June. ?2. Climbing; glau-
cous, leav. ovate or oblong ; Jl. yell. ; berries red.

. L. grata: flowers verticillate, terminal ; leaves pe-
rennial ; obovate, glaucous beneath ; upper ones
connate-perfoliate.
HAB. Swamps and mountains. Tj. Climbing or
erect ; Ji. inclining to scarlet, ringent; berries red.

1. L. sempervirens : spike somewhat naked, verticil-
late, terminal ; leaves oblong, glaucous beneath .
upper ones connate-perfoliate ; corolla nearly
equal, with the tube above ventricose.
HAB. Dry stony woods. May — Aug. Tj . Ever-
green ; leav. a little hairy above ; Jl. crimson; ber-
ries, scarlet.

170. XYLOSTEUM. Caprifolia.

, X. ciliatum : leaves ovate and subcordate, ciliate
the younger ones villous beneath ; lube of the
corolla calcarate at the base, ventricose above
segments short, acute ; style exserted.

HAB. Mountains. May— June. Tj. 3— 4 ft. high

branch spreading ; leav .on short pet. ; Jl. axill., yell

I, X. villosum : berries coadunate ; leaves oblong an(

Oval, obtuse ; the younger ones, with the corolla

villous ; peduncles much shorter than the flower

HAB. Mountain swamps. May. T3. 2 — 4 ft,
high ; young branch, vill. ; jl. axil!. , yell. ; berries rec
or pur p.

171. SYMPHORIA. Peter's-wort. Caprifolia.

■ S. glomerala : racemes axillary, capitate, conglome-
rate.

PENTANDRIA.— MONOGYNIA. 1 15

HAB. Pennsylvania. Aug. T2. 3—4 ft. high;
bran, erect, pubes.; leav. oppos., ovate, entire; Jl,
greenish-red, small ; berries purp.
'2. S. racemosa : racemes terminal ; corolla bearded
within.
HAB. Rocks. July. V 2— 3 ft. high, branched ;
fl. small, pale red ; berries large white.

172. TRIOSTEUM. Fever-wort. Caprifolia.
T. perfoiiatum : leaves oval, acuminate, abruptly

narrowed at the base, connate, pubescent beneath ;

axils 1 — 3-flowered.
HAB. Rocky woods. June. U. Stem 2— 3 ft.

high; leav. large ; fl. sess., dull pur p. ; berries

orange.

173. ITEA. Saxifrages.

I. virginica.

HAB. Swamps. June. Tj. 4 — 8 ft. high; leav,

altern., lanceol., acum., serrul. ; Jl. in simp, term,

racemes, white, pubes. within.

174. IMPATIENS. Balsam. Papaveracece.
\. I. pallida: peduncles solitary, 3— 4-flowered ; nec-
tary obtusely conic, dilated, shorter than the pe-
tals ; spur recurved, very short ; flowers sparingly
punctate ; leaves rhombic-ovate, mucronately
toothed.

HAB. Wet shady places. Aug. ©. Stem 2 ft.
high, tender and succul. ; leav. altern. ; fl. {yell. ;
seeds ellip.
2. I. fulva : peduncles solitary, 3 — 4-flowered ; nec-
tary acutely conic, longer than the petals ; spui
resupinate, emarginate, nearly as long as the galea :
flowers with crowded spots ; leaves rhombic-ovate,
obtuse, mucronate toothed.

HAB. Wet shady places. Aug. ©. Plant glauc .
and diaph. ; caps, b-ang., 3 — 6-secded ; seeds pri*-
mat.

Mo. VIOLA. Violet. Fiolacecr.

* Slemless.

t Flowers blue.
K V. ptdatei : leaves pedatc, nearly smooth, about 7-

1 16 PENTANDRIA.— MONOGYNIA.

parted ; segments linear-lanceolate, entire ; stigma
large, obliquely truncate, and perforate at the apex.
HAB. Rocky hills and dry woods. May. U . Leav.
with, obtuse seg. ; slip, ciliate ; Jl. large, pale blue.

2. V. palmata: pubescent; leaves cordate, (rarely

entire,) palmate, or hastate-lobed ; lobe9 crenate
and toothed, the middle one much the largest ; 2
lateral petals bearded ; stigma margined, depressed.
HAB. Low grounds. May. U . Leaves never
smooth ; slip. Ian. ; fl. middle sized; stig. rostrate.

3. V. sagittata : leaves oblong, acute, cordate-sagittate,

incised at the base ; flowers inverted ; inferior
petal bearded, the rest bearded.

HAB. Hills and fields. April— May. II. Leav.
pubes. above; stip. lin. ; Jl. middle-sized, purp. ;
spur short.

/3. emarginata : leaves almost triangular, lacerately
toothed near the base ; petals emarginate or biden-
tate.

HAB. Sandy fields and river-banks.
1. V. ovata : leaves ovate, subcordate, crenate, often
lacerately toothed at the base, pubescent on both
sides ; petiole margined ; segments of the calyx
oblong-lanceolate, hairy.

HAB. Dry hills. April — May. U. . Leav. gene-
rally almost woolly ; Jl. middle-sized; stig. recurv..
rost.
~*. V. cucullata : very smooth ; leaves cordate, cucul
late at the base, serrate ; stipules linear ; inferior
and lateral petals bearded.

HAB. Wet meadows. April— May. U. Leav.
subrenif, on long petioles ; beard of the pet. rigid.
i. V. obliqua: smooth: leaves cordate, acute, flat, cre-
nate-serrate ; flowers obliquely bent; lateral pe-
tals bearded; inferior ones acute, carinate ; sti-
pules lanceolate.

HAB. Wet meadows. U . May. Scape long, -with
minute bracts ; beard of the petals globose-clavate.
7. V. villosa : leaves renif'orm-cordate, flat, very pu
bescent ; segments of the calyx auriculate at the
base ; stigma deflexed ; margin cupuliform.
HAB. Rocky hills. U . May. Leav. spreading on
rite ground, purp. beneath : pet, oblon*.

PENTANDRIA.— MONOGYNIA. 1 17

3. cordata : leaves cordate, rather acute ; segments
of the calyx scarcely produced at the base.

HAB. Hills and dry woods. April — May. U . Leav,
thickish, smooth below ; sinus small.

| t Flowers yellow.

8. V. rotundifolia : leaves orbicular-ovate, cordate ;
slightly crenate, nearly smooth ; sinus closed ; pe-
tiole pubescent ; lateral petals bearded ; segments
of the calyx obtuse ; spur nearly obsolete.
HAB. Shady rocky woods. May. U . Leav. op-
press, to the earth, on short pet. ; pet. broad-ovate^
striate.

t | t Flowers somewhat regular, small, white.

9. V. lanceola'a : leaves very smooth, lanceolate,
attenuated into a petiole at the base, rather obtuse,
subserrate ; petals beardless*
HAB. Wet meadows. April — May. tf . Leav. 2
— 4 in. long, very narrow ; Ji. inodorous, veined.

10. V. acuta: leaves ovate lanceolate, smooth, abruptly

decurrent at the base ; bracts lanceolate-linear ;
petals acute, of nearly equal length, beardless.
HAB. Moist grounds. May. U . Leav. rarely
biibcord. ; pe' ovate, lowest one veined.

11. V. prir/iultrfoliri : leaves oblong;, subcordate, ab-

ruptly decurrent on the petiole ; nerves beneath,
and the scape, subpubescent ; lateral petals
bearded.
HAB. Wet meadows. April — May. U . Leav.
more or less ob'use ; fl. tidor-us ; pet. obovate.

12. V. blanda : leaves broad-cordate, slightly pubes-

cent above ; sinus rounded ; petiole smooth ; flow
ers beardless.
HAB. Wet grounds. April — May. U. Leav.
nearly flat, membran., oftemubrenif. ;jl. odorous,
J 3. V. clande.itina : leaves orbicular, rather obtuse,
smoothish, crenate-gerrate, with glandular serra-
tures ; ?inus closed, cordate ; stolons tloriferous ;
petals linear, scarcely longer than the calyx.

1 1 8 PENT ANDRI A.— MONOGYNIA.

HAB. Mountains. June— Sept. U. Leaves large,
thin ; scape very short ; fl. concealed. A var. oi"

No. 12?

* * Caulescent.

14. V. canadensis : nearly smooth ; leaves cordate :

acuminate, serrate ; peduncles shorter than the
leaves ; petals oblong, narrow ; stipules ovate-
lanceolate, entire.
HAB. Moist rocky woods. May — July, U . Stem
6 — 18 in. high> erect, simp. ; fl. large, blue.

15. V. ochrolevca : stem somewhat erect, branched,

smooth ; leaves round-cordate ; upper ones a lit-
tle acuminate ; stipules oblong-lanceolate, dentate-
ciliate ; stigma tubular, recurved, pubescent at
the summit.
HAB. Wet grounds. May. U. Stem 6—8 in.
long ; fl. yellowish -white, large ; pet. obtuse.

16. V. Muhlenberghii : stem weak, assurgent ; leave?

reniibrm -cordate ; the upper ones a little acumi-
nate, creoate-serrate, smooth ; stipules lanceolate,
serrate-ciliate ; nectary produced ; stigma tubu-
lar, rostrate.
HAB. Swamps. May. U . Stem 6—10 in. long,
branch, below ; bracts alternate ; fl. blue.

17. V. rostrata : smooth; stem diffuse, erect; leaves

cordate, the upper ones acute, serrate ; stipules
lanceolate, serrate-ciliate ; petals beardless ; nec-
tary longer than the corolla.
HAB. Wet rocky places. April— May. U . Stem
6 in. high ; pedunc. long ; fl. large, blue ; stig.
subclavate.

18. V. pubescens : villous pubescent ; stem erect, naked

below ; leaves broad-cordate, toothed ; stipules

ovate, subdentate.
HAB. Dry stony woods. April — May. Stem simp..

6—8 in. high," br, ideate; leav. 2—3; fl. yellow.
/3. eriocarpa : capsule densely villous.

19. V. hastata : smooth ; stem simple, leafy above ;

leaves hastate, on very long petioles ; stipules
minute, ciliate-denticulate.

PENTANDRIA.— MONOGYNIA. 1 19

HAB. Mountains. May. U . Erect, 6—8 in. high;
leav. acum. ; fi. yell. ; inf. pet. large, sub-3 lobed.
20. V. tenella: stem triquetrous ; leaves rotund-spathu-
late ; superior ones lanceolate, entire ; stipules
large, pinnatifid.
HAB. Dry rocky hills. May. 0. Stem 2—3 in.
high ; rad. leav. petiolate ; fi. small, bluish-zvhiie.
fl. V. concolor : stem straight, erect ; leaves cuneate-
lanceolate ; stipules lanceolate entire ; peduncles
very short, 2— 3-flowered ; petals connivent,
emarginate ; spur 0.
HAB. Wet shady rocks. April — May. U . Stem
simp., ang., 1 ft. high ; leav. erect ; fi greenish,
small.

176. CLAYTONIA. Portulaceoz.

C. virginica: leaves linear-lanceolate; petals obo-

vate, retuse ; leaves of the calyx somewhat acute ;

root tuberous.
HAB. Moist woods. April — May. U • Smooth, erect

or procumb. ; leav. few, oppos. ; fi. racem., rose-col.
(i. latifolia : leaves ovate-lanceolate ; leaflets of the

calyx obtuse.
HAB. Mountainous districts.

177. CEANOTHUS. New-Jersey tea. Rhamni.
1. C. americanus: leaves ovate-oblong, serrate, triply-
nerved, tomentose-pubescent beneath ; panicles
axillary, on long peduncles.
HAB. Woods and copses. July. V Root large, red ;
s t em 2 — 4 ft. high; leav. alt. ; fi. minute, white.
I. C. herbaceus : leaves oval, subserrulate, smooth;
panicle thyrsoid, axillary and terminal.
HAB. Rocky banks. Suffruticose; leaves as large a*
in the preceding.

178. EUONYMUS. Spindle-tree. Rhamni.

\ . E. americanus : branches smooth, quadrangular ;
leaves subsessile, elliptical-lanceolate, smooth, acute,
serrate ; peduncles 3-flowered, terete ; flowers 5-
cleft; fruit verrucose-muricate.
HAB. Shady woods. June. Shrub 3— 4 ft. high ;
bran, oppos.. spread. : fi. a.rill., greenish: fnri:
tcarlet.

120 PENT ANDRIA.— MONOGYNIA.

/3. sarmtntosus : stem sarmentose.
HAB. Rock} moist forests. July. Subsempervirenl
2 ft. high, acutely quadrang.

2. E. atropurpureua : leaves perfoliate, oblong-lanceo-

late, acuminate, serrate; peduncles divaricate, many-
flowered ; flowers 4-cleft ; fruit smooth.
HAB. Shady woods. June. Shrub 4 — 5 ft. high :
pedunc. 3 — 6-Ji. ; pet. dark-purp. ; fruit bright-red.

3. E. obovatus: stem prostrate, rooting ; surculi erect.

obtusely quadrangular, with 4 elevated lines ; leaves
broad-ovate, obtuse, acute at the base, subsessile,
acutely serrulate ; peduncles 3-flowered ; stamens
4—5.
HAB. Shady fir swamps. June. Tj. Nearly simp. :
leav. often dilated ; ji. purplish-green.

179. CELASTRUS. Staff-tree. Rhamni.

C. scandens: stem climbing, unarmed ; leaves oblong.

acuminate, serrate ; racemes terminal ; flowers

dioecious.
HAB. Woods and thickets. June. Tj. Leav. alt em..

stipui. ; racem. few-fi. ; pet. greenish-yel. ; fruit red.

180. RHAMNUS. Buck-thorn. Rhamni.

1. R. alnifolius : unarmed ; leaves oval, acuminate,

serrulate, pubescent on the nerves beneath ; flow-
ers dioecious ; peduncles 1 -flowered, aggregate ;
calyx acute ; fruit turbinate.
HAB. Rocky hills. May. Shrub small ; leav.altern. :
fl. small, greenish, in axill. fascic. ; fruit black.

2. R. catharhcus : spikes terminal ; flowers generally

4-cleft, polygamo-dicecious ; leaves ovate ; stem
erect ; berries 4-seeded.
HAB. Mountains and woods. May. A small tree :
leav. fascic. and oppos. ; ft. dust., axill.; fruit black.

181. VITIS. Vine. Vites.
1. V. Labrusca: leaves broad-cordate, angularly sub-
3-lobed, cinereous-tomentose beneath ; racemes-
small ; berries large.
HAB. Woods and hedges. June — July. Tj. Leav.
very large, at first fcrriig. beneath ; fl. greenish :
fruit pur p.

PENTANDRIA.— M0N0GYN1A. 121

V. vulpina : leaves cordate, acuminate, incisely
toothed, smooth on both sides ; racemes loose,
many-flowered ; berries small.

HAB. Woods and river-banks. June. T?. Leav
3 — 4 i n , broad; veins ft little pubes. ; fruit sm.,
amber-col.

V. aestivalis : leaves broad-cordate, 3 — 5-lobed, fer-
ruginous-tomentose beneath ; sinuses rounded ;
racemes oblong ; berries small.

HAB. Rocky river-banks. June. \ . Leav,
smoothish when old ; fruit deep blue or purp.

£. sinuata : leaves sinuate-palmate.

V. riparia: leaves unequally incisely toothed, short
3-lobed, pubescent on the margin, nerves and pe-
tiole.

HAB. Gravelly shores. T2. Fl. very sweet scented.

182. CISSUS. Vites.

C. hederacea : stem climbing and rooting ; leaves

quinate-digitate, smooth ; leaflets petiolate, oblong.

acuminate, toothed ; racemes cymose, dichoto

mous ; nectary 0.
HAB. Woods. July. Tj. Leav. on long pet, : fl.

greenish; her. small, dark-blue, acid.
3. hirsuta : leaves pubescent on both sides ; leaflets

ovate, acuminale, coarsely toothed.
HAB Mountains.
C. Ampelopsis : leaves cordate, acuminate, toothed

and angular ; nerves beneath pubescent ; raceme?

twice bifid.
HAB. River banks and mountains. T?. Climbing ;

leav. petiol. ; raceme few-fl. ; ber. pale-red.

183. RIB.ES. Currant and Gooseberry.
Grossulance.

* Sterns without thorns.
R. florid-urn : unarmed ; leaves punctate both side?,
acutely 3-lobed, pubescent ; racemes pendulous
calyx tubular ; bracts longer than Jhe pedicels.
HAB. Woods and hedges. J 1 . April— i^v. Shnd
1—4 ft. high ; fl. greenish; ber, black.
L

122 PENTANDRIA.— MONOGYNIA.

2. R. albinervium : leaves short, acutely lobed, smooth*

ish ; nerves white ; racemes recurved ; berries
smooth.
HAB. Mountains. April— May. V Fl. small,
greenish yell. ; ber. red.

3. R. trifidum : leaves moderately lobed, smooth above,

pubescent beneath ; racemes loose, pubescent ;
flowers rather flat, with the segments of the calyx
subtritid ; petals spathulate, obtuse ; berries hairy.
HAB. Mountains. April — May. T?. Leav. with
subacute lobes; pet. purp. ; ber. red.

4. R. rigens : branches straight ; leaves acutely lobed

and dentate, reticulate-rugose, pubescent beneath ;
racemes rather loose, many-flowered, becoming
stiffly erect ; berries hispid.
HAB. Mountains. May. Tj. Leav. on long pet. ;
raceme 6 — \0-fl. ; fl. purp. ; ber. red,

5. R. prostratum : branches rechned-prostrate ; leaves

lobed, smoothish ; the younger ones pubescent ;
branches somewhat erect ; calyx rather flat ; petals
deltoid ; bracts minute ; berries hispid.
HAB. Mountains. May. Tj. Shrub small; leav.
5-lob. ; raceme erect, S — lO-fl., gland. ; ber. red.

* * Stems thorny.

G. R. hirtellum: spines subaxillary ; branches some-
what hispid ; leaves smail, half 3-cleft ; lobes sub
dentate; peduncles 1 -flowered; berries smooth.
HAB. Mountains. May — June. Tj. Berries red

7. R. gracile: spines subaxillary; leaves on slender

petioles, pubescent on both sides ; lobes acute,
dentate, incised ; peduncles slender, erect, about
2-flowered ; calyx tubuhir-campanulate ; berries
smooth.
HAB. Mountains. May. Tj. Spines mostly soli-
tary; pet. short, white ; ber. green or purp., some-
times zcith several spines.

8. R. triflorum: spines subaxillary; leayes smooth.

3 — 5-lobed, incisely toothed ; peduncles about 3-
flowered ; pedicels elongated ; bracts very short ;
petals spathulate, undulate ; style hairy, exserted
deeply 2-cleft ; berries smooth.

PENTANDRIA.— MONOGYNIA. 123

HAB. Mountains. May. Tj. Branch, spreading ;
spines sometimes ;fl. purp. -green ; ber. small, red.
*. R. oxycanthoides : larger spines subaxillary ; smaller
ones scattered over the stem ; leaves smooth ;
lobes dentate ; peduncles short, about 2-flowered ;
berries smooth.
HAB. Rocks. Tj. Bran, slend. ; leav. sub-3-lobed ;
fl. solit. or in pairs, pale yell. ; ber. purp., glob.

10. R. lacustre : subaxillary spines compound ; stem

on every part hispid-aculeate ; leaves lobed be-
yond the middle ; petioles villous ; berries race-
mose, hispid.
HAB. Mountain swamps. June. Tj . Stem reddish ;
leav. b-lob.; racem. pend., 5 — 6-Jl. ; pet. white;
ber. brown.

11. R. Cynosbati: subaxillary spines by pairs ; leaves

with short lobes, incisely toothed, softly pubes-
cent; racemes nodding, few-flowered ; calyx erect-
campanulate ; berries aculeate.
HAB. Mountains. Apr.— June. Tj. Fl. green;
ber. dark brown.

184. HAMILTONIA. Oil-nut. Santalaceaz.

H. oleifera.

HAB. Mountains, near rivulets. May — June. Shrub
4 — 6 ft. high, very pubes. ; leav. . alter n., ovate,
entire ; fl. greenish, racemose ; nut oily.

185. THESIUM. Bastard toad-flax. Santalacece.

T. umbellatum : stem erect ; leaves oval-lanceo-
late ; fascicles of flowers terminal, subcorymbed.

HAB. Rocky hills and woods. July — Aug. If..
Stem 1 ft. high ; leav. altern., entire ; fl. white.

186. ANYCHIA. Illecebrea.

A. dichotoma : stem erect or spreading, dichoto-
mously branched ; leaves lanceolate, smooth,
acute ; flower* about as long as the stipules.
HAB. Dry woods and hills. June — Aug. 0. Stem
fllif., pubes. above; leav. oppos. ; fl. solit., very
miyiute.
.1. capillacea : very smooth ; flowers spreading,
longer than the stipules at their base.

124 PENTANDRIA.— DIGYNIA.

HAB. Pine-barrens. Aug. A span high; leav.
smaller, often obtuse.

GLAUX. Black Salt-wort. Primulaceoc.

G. maritima.

HAB. Sea-coast. V-. Erect, 4 — 5 in. high ; leav.

oppos., ovate, fleshy ; fl. small, solit., axill., rose

col.

DIGYNIA.

188. APOCYNUM. DogVbane. Apocinece.

I. A. androsaemifolium : leaves ovate, smooth on both
sides ; cymes lateral and terminal, smooth ; tube
of the corolla longer than the calyx.
HAB. Fields and hedges. June — July. U . Stew
2 — 3 ft. high; branch, spread. ; fl. pink; border
spreading.
I. A. pubescens: stem erect ; leaves ovate, hoary-pu-
bescent beneath ; cymes pubescent ; corolla longer
than the calyx ; border erect.
HAB. Borders of fields. June — July. U . Branch
few, erect; peliol. short. ; fl. few, sin., greenish.
>. A. hypericifolium : leaves oblong, smooth, on ver)
short petioles, mucronat*?, obtuse and subcordate
at the base ; cymes shorter than the leaves ; calyx
nearly as long as the tube of the corolla.
HAB. Fields and borders of woods. June — July. 1| .
Leav. subsess., very acute; cor. small, greenish-
white, erect.
4. A. cannabinum: leaves lanceolate, acute at each
end, smooth on both sides ; cymes paniculate ;
1 calyx as long as the tube of the corolla.
HAB. Fields and borders of woods. June. U .
Branch, dend. ; cym. many-fl. ; cor. small, camp an..
greenish.

189. PERIPLOCA. Apocinece.

P. grceca: flowers hairy within, terminal.

HAB. New-York. Aug. Tj. Climbing; leav

PENTANDHIA.— DIGYNIA. 126

vppos., ovate, acuminate; fl. corymb, dark purp. ;
seg. linear. §. ?.

100. GONOLOBUS. Apocinece.

1. G. obliquus : stem climbing, hairy; leaves ovate-

cordate ; villous, acute ; corymbs axillary ; seg-
merits of the corolla ovate, acuminate, oblique>
revolute.
IIAB. Moist rocks. July. U . Leav. veined ; co-
rymbs short ; fl. foetid, dark-purp.

2. O. hirsutus : sarments and petioles very hairy;

leave? cordate-oval, distinctly acuminate, pubescent
on both sides ; segments of the corolla oblong,
obtuse ; follicles oblong, muricate.
IIAB. Hedges, near rivulets. U- Trailing or
climbing; umb. 4 — 6-fl. ; pet. dark-purp,; fol.
with soft spines.

191. ASCLEPIAS. Silk-weed. Asclepiadex.
* Leaves opposite.

\. A. syriaca : stem subsimple ; leaves lanceolate-
oblong, petiolate, tomentose beneath ; umbels nod-
ding ; nectary bidentate ; follicles muricate.
IIAB. Sandy fields, &c. July— Aug. V-. Stem
2— Aft. high; umb. 2—3, lb— 20-fl. ; fl. large,
pale- pur p.
.'■ A. phytolaccoides : stem erect, simple ; leaves broad-
lanceolate, acuminate, smooth, pale beneath ; um-
bels many-flowered, lateral and terminal, solitary,
on long peduncles, nodding ; nectary bidentate.
IIAB. Shady wet places. June — July. U. Stem
3 — 4 ft. high; leav. large; umb. 6 — 10-fl. ; fl.
greenish-pur p.
:\. varieguta : stem simple, erect; leaves ovate,
petiolate, smooth ; umbels lateral and terminal, on
short peduncles, crowded ; pedicels tomentose :
horn broad-falcate.
HAB. Woods. July. if. Stem 3—4 ft. high
pubes. above; umb. mostly 2, ^0 — 30-fl. white,
rarely purplish.
r. A. obtusifolia : leaves amplexicaul, oblong, obtuse,
undulate, very smooth, glaucous beneath ; umbel

PENTANDRIA.— DIGYNIA.

terminal, long-pedunculate, generally solitary ,
nectary slightly 2-toothed ; horns exserted.

HAB. Sandy fields and hills. June — July. U Stem
2 — 3 ft. high ; leav. remarkably undulate ; fl. pale-
pur p.
5. A. laurifolia : stem erect, smooth ; leaves subses-
sile, oval-lanceolate, tapering to the summit, very
acute, smooth ; umbels on long peduncles, terminal
and axillary.

HAB. Pennsylvania. Aug. U. Stem 2 ft. high ;

summit pub es. ; leav. obtuse at base ; fl. green and

pur p.
•I. A. incarnata : stem erect, branched above, tomen-

tose, leaves sub^essile, lanceolate, tomentose, um-
bels erect, generally by pairs ; nectary entire ;

horns subulate, exserted.
HAB, Wet places. U . Stem 2—3 ft. high ,
umb, num., crowd.; fl. pale-purp. ; nect. trun-
cate.

3. pulchra : stem and leaves very hairy.
7. A. amoena: stem with 2 longitudinal pubescent
lines ; leaves subsessile, oblong-oval, pubescent
beneath ; umbels terminal, erect ; nectary entire ,:
horn subulate, exserted.

HAB. Swamps and wet meadows. July — Aug. 2£,
Stem 3 ft. high, nearly smooth ; umb. many -fl., pur p.
;. A. purpnrascens : stem simple ; leaves ovate, vil-
lous beneath ; umbels erect ; leaflets of the nec-
tary resupinate.

HAB. Wet places. %. Stem lift, high, hairy
above ; leav. on short pet. ; fl. purp.

\. debilis: very smooth ; stem erect, weak, sim-
ple ; leaves petiolate, oval-lanceolate, acute at
each extremity, membranaceous ; umbels termi-
nal, loose.

HAB. Shady rocky places. U . Leaves large;
flowers white.

\. acuminata : stem erect, smooth, simple ; leaves
ovate, subcordate, acuminate, subsessiie ; umbels
lateral, solitary, erect ; nectary acute ; horn.*
scarcely exserted.

HAB. Sandy swamps. Aug. 1/. Root large, tub. ,-
stem 18 in. high; umb. 2 ; fl. purp. and green.

i'ENTANDRIA.— DIGYNIA. 127

11. A. quadrifolia: stem erect, simple, smooth ; leaves

by four*, ovate, acuminate, petiolate ; umbels 2,
terminal, erect, loose; pedicels capillary; nec-
tary bidentate ; hem very short.
HAB. Dr\ stony woods. June. ty . Stem 18 in,
high ; leaves mostly 8 ; 2 middle pairs approx. ;
limb, on '■ ig pedunc. ; fl. small, white.

12. A. viridiflora : stem erect, simple, hairy; leaves

oblong, on short petioles, tomentose-pubescent on
both sides, obtuse ; umbels lateral, solitary, sub-
sessile, nodding, dense ; horns of the nectary
wanting.

HAB. Sandy fields. July. V-. Stem 2 ft. high,
densely pub es. ; leav. thick; umb. subglob.; Jl.
green.

£. lanceolata : leaves lanceolate, acute.

y. obovata : leaves obovate.

A. verticillata : stem simple, marked with pubes-
cent lines ; leaves mostly verticillate, narrow-
linear, revolute ; nectaries short, bidentate ; horns
falcate, much exserted.

HAB. Dry hills. July. U- Stem about 3 ft.
high, very slend. ; zvhorles 5 — G leav. / fl. small,
whitish.

* * Leaflets alternate.

14. A. tuberosa : stem erect, hairy, with spreading
branches ; leaves oblong-lanceolate, sessile ; um-
bels numerous, forming terminal corymbs.
HAB. Sandy fields. Aug. U. Root, large, tub. .
stem 3 ft. high ; fl. large, bright orange.

192. GENTIANA. Gentian, Gentian*.

t. G. Saponaria : leaves ovate-lanceolate, a

nerved ; flowers vcrticillate-c.ijit.it.', ses-ik: ■
corolla ventricose, closed, 10-cleft ; interioi
ments unequally 3-cleft, as long as the ext
ones ; segments of the calyx ovate, shorter than
the tube.
HAB. Wet meadows. Sept.— Oct. U . Stem 10
in. high t timp. ; leav. oppos. :fl. very large, brigh*
blue.

128 PENTANDR1A.— DIGYNIA.

2: G. ockroleuca : stem subangular; leaves ovate-
lanceolate ; flowers in terminal subsessile fasci-
cles ; segments of the calyx linear-lanceolate ;
corolla campanulate-ventricose, 10-cleft ; seg-
ments acute, slightly connivent ; interior ones sub-
dentate, short.

HAB. Fields and woods. Sept. U- Stem 1 ft. high,
subside. ; fl. large, yellowish-white.
3. G. Pneumonanthe : stem terete ; leaves linear-lanceo-
late, obtuse ; flowers few, terminal, (and axillary,)
subsessile ; segments of the calyx linear-oblong,
rather acute; corolla campanulate,5-cleft; segment*
acute ; interior plaits short, 1 -toothed.

HAB. High mountains. U- Stem a foot high, very
smooth; fl. large, bright blue.
i. G. angustifolia : stem simple, slender, 1 -flowered;
leaves linear, spreading ; corolla infundibuliform,
5-cleft, with 5 interior lacerate segments.

HAB. Sandy fields. Oct.— Nov. U. Stem 1 ft. high,
slend. ; leav. long ; fl. 2 in. long, azure-blue.
~S. G. linearis : stem somewhat scabrous ; leaves linear-
lanceolate, undulate, ciliate, as are also the segments
of the calyx ; flowers sessile, in terminal crowded
fascicles ; corolla campanulate, 5-cleft ; segments
obtuse, with the interior folds denticulate.

HAB. Mountains. U. Fl. middle-sized, blue ; seg. of
the cor. very short.
3. G. quinqueflora : stem quadrangular, branched ;
leaves ovate-lanceolate, acute, 3-nerved ; flower*
somewhat in fives, terminal and axillary, pedicellate;
corolla tubular-campanulate, 5-cleft ; segments se-
taceously acuminate ; calyx very short.

HAB. Woods and hillsides. Sept. — Oct. £. Stem I
ft. high, rarely simp. ; fl. small, pale blue.
7. G. crinita : stem terete ; branches elongated, 1-
flowered ; leaves lanceolate, acute ; corolla half
4-cIeft ; segments incisely ciliate.

HAB. Wet meadows. Oct.— Nov. $. Stem Win .
high, quadrang. above; fl. very large, blue.

193. CUSCUTA. Dodder. Convolvuli.

1. C. americana : flowers pedunculate, umbellate, j
cleft ; stigmas capitate ; corolla tubular-campanulate
with the border small and spreading.

PENTANDPJA.— DIGYNIA. 129

HAB. Low grounds, June— Aug. 0. Stems filifl,

orange, parasit., twining ; fl. in dense dust.
C. europcea : flowers sessile ; corolla 4 — 5-cleft,

without scales at the base of the stamens ; stigmas

simple.
HAB. Parasitic on flax. July. 0. Stems fllif, red,

twining ; fl. yell., tampan.

194. HEUCHERA. Alum. Saxifragce.

H. americana : viscidly-pubescent ; scape and leaves
a little scabrous ; leaves with rounded lobes, den-
tate ; teeth dilated, obtuse, mucronate ; panicle,
dichotomous ; calyx short, obtuse ; petals lanceo-
late, as long as the calyx.

HAB. Shady rocky places. June— July U . Leav.
rad. on long pet. ; scape 2 — 3 ft. long. ; fl. purp.

H. pubescen : pulverulent-pubescent ; scape smooth
below ; leaves somewhat acutely lobed, smooth
beneath, toothed ; teeth rounded, mucronate ; pe-
duncles short, with crowded flowers ; calyx large,
campanulate ; petals longer than the calyx ; sta-
mens scarcely exsertH.

HAB. Mountains. V-- Leav. with broad teeth ; scape
2ft. long, scab above ; pet. red and yell.

195. PANAX. Ginseng. Araliai.
P. trifoHum: leaves ernate ; leaflets subsessile ;

styles o ; bern tricor.cous ; root globose.
HAB. Moist wood | I- tfay. h . Root tub. r

stem 4—8 . high; leaf, ob long- Ian. ; fl. white;

her. gree .
"P. quinqvefolium : leaves in threes ; leaflets quinate.

p, tiol ate ; peduncles shorter than the petioles ;

iooi fusiform.
HAB. Mountains. July. U. Root long , wrinkled ;

stern I ft. high ; fl. greenish ; her. renif., scarlet.

190. ATRIPLEX. Orache. Chenopodea.
A. hortensis : stem erect, herbaceous ; leaves trian
gular, dentate, green on both sides ; fructiferous
vx ovate, reticulate, entire.
HAB. Waste places, &c. July— -Aug. ©. Stem 3 — \
ft. high, green ; fl. green, in interrvp. spike*.

130 PENTANDRIA.— DIGYNIA.

2. A. arenaria ; stem herbaceous, spreading ; leaves

oblong-ovate, stibsessiie, silvery-mealy beneath,
very entire ; upper ones acute or acuminate ; fruc-
tiferous calyx mnricate, dentate, retuse.
HAB. Sea-coast Aug. — Sept. 0. A foot high, much
branch.; leav. 1 in. long ; cal. S-lnbed, large.

3. A. laciniuta /3. omericana: stem herbaceous, diffuse ;

leaves triangular hastate, deeply toothed, glaucous,
a little pulverulent ; perfect flowers tetandrous ;
fructiferous c;dyx rhomboid, acute, entire.
HAB. Salt marshes. Aug. ©. Erect or procumb. ;
leav. petiol, gray ; fi. in glom. racemes.

4. A. patula : stem herbaceous, spreading; leaves tri-

angular-hastate, smooth above, irregularly toothed ;
the upper ones entire ; fructiferous calyx submuri-
cate on the sides.
HAB. New-York. +

5. A. Halimus : stem frutescent ; leaves alternate and

opposite, subrhomboid, very entire,
HAB Ne w- Jersey, -f-

197. OIENOPODIUM. Goose-foot. Chenopodece.

1. C. Bonus Henricus : leaves triangular-hastate, very

entire ; spikes compound, terminal and axillary,
erect, leafless.
HAB New-York, &c. June. U. Stem. lft. high;
leav. large* dark green ; fl. green, polyg.

2. C. rhombifoliuui : leaves triangular-rhombic, acute,

repandly toothed ; racemes axillary, erect, leafless ;
bracts minute, inflexed.
HAB. Pennsylvania. June. 0. Leav. acutely tooth i ;
racem. simp., short.

3. C. album : leaves rhomboid-ovate, erose, entire at

the base ; upper ones oblong, very entire ; raceme*
branched, somewhat leafy ; seed smooth.

HAB. Cultivated grounds, &c. July — Sept. ©.
Stem erect, 2 — 4 ft. high ; leaves mealy.

/S viride : leaves greener and more entire ; racemes
more branched, a little leafy.
\. C. hybridum : leaves ovate-cordate, acuminate, an-
gularly toothed ; racemes axillary, paniculate, di-
varicate, leafless.

HAB. Waste places, &c. July — Aug. © . Stem. 2 —
3 ft. high ; leav. large, nearly smooth, bright green,

PENTANDRIA.— DIGYNIA. 131

5. C. rubrum: leaves rhomboid-triangular, deeply
toothed and sinuate ; racemes erect, compound,
leafy.
HAB. Waste places. July. ®. Stem, reddish ; leav,
dark green ; glomendes minute.
(3. C. ambrosoides : leaves lanceolate, remotely tooth-
ed ; racemes simple, axillary, leafy.
HAB. Waste places. Aug. — Oct. ©. Much bran.,
often diffuse, strong- scented ; leav. small.
7. C. Botrys : leaves oblong, sinuate; racemes naked,
much divided.
HAB. Sandy waste places. Aug. — Sept. ®. One ft,
high, sweet-scented, -eiscid-pubes ; fl. distinct.
£. C. anthelminticum : perennial; leaves oblong-lance-
olate, toothed ; spikes long, interrupted, leafless ;
style 3-cleft.
HAB. Sandy fields. Sept. ©? Strong-scented, 1| — £
ft. high, often reddish; racem. axilt. and term.

9. C. glaucum : leaves oblong, repand, glaucous be-

neath ; spikes simple, naked, glomerate, axillary
and terminal.
HAB. New-York. ©. Stem diffuse, thick; racemes
short, lobed, leafless.

10. C. maritimum : leaves linear, fleshy, semicylindri-

cal ; flowers axillary, glomerate.
HAB. Salt marshes. Aug. — Sept. ©. Stem tj- -2 ft.
high; glomerulcs small ; seed spiral.

198. SALSOLA. Salt- wort. Chmopodece.

1. S. Kali: herbaceous, decumbent ; leaves subulate,
canaliculate, spinose ; flowers axillary, solitary ;
fructiferous calyx with a scarious margin.

HAB. Sea-coast. Aug. ®. Stem much bran., pubes. t
cal. spreading ; leav. subulate.

i. caroliniana: leaves dilated ; calyx with a broader
margin.

HAB. Sandy fields and waste places, near saltwater.
Cal. depress., reddish-

Tragus : herbaceous, spreading, smooth ; leaves
subulate, fleshy, mucronate-spinous ; flowers sub-
solitary ; calyx subovatc ; margin flattened,
loured.

H AB, New-Jersey. cVc. July, -f-.

132 PENTANDRIA.— DIGYNiA.

3. S. Soda : herbaceous, smooth ; branches ascending ;
leaves semiterete, rather acute ; fructiferous calyx
transversely carinate in the middle, somewhat mem
branaceous.
HAB. New- York. +

199. ULMUS. Elm. Ulmacece.

I. U. americana : branches smooth; leaves somewhat
doubly serrate, unequal at the base ; serratures un~
cinately acuminate ; flowers pedicellate ; fruit fim-
briate.
HAB. Woods. April. A large tree ; bran, long, re-
curv. ; leav. altern. ; fl. purplish, small appearing
before the leav.
:. V. fulva : leaves oval-oblong, much acuminate, pu-
bescent on both sides ; buds tomentose ; flowers
sessile.
HAB. Rocky hills. April. Tree 20—25 ft. high ;
fl. conglom., ciliate ; stam. 7.
3. U. nemoralis: leaves oblong, somewhat smooth,
equally serrate, nearly equal at the base ; flowers
sessile.
HAB. River banks. -\-.

200. CELTIS. Nettle-tree. Ulmaceaa.
I. C. occidentalis : leaves ovate, acuminate, equally ser-
rate, unequal at the base, scabrous above, pubes-
cent beneath ; flowers subsolitary.
HAB. Woods. May. Tree middle-sized; leav.

altern. ; fl. small, greenish-zvhite ; drupe purp.
■'. crassifolia: leaves ovate, acuminate, unequally
serrate, subcoriaceous, scabrous on both sides, un-
equal at the base ; peduncles mostly 2-flowered.
HAB. River banks. Tree smaller than JVo. 1.
>. C.pumila: leaves ovate, acuminate, equally serrate,
unequal at the base ; the younger ones only pubes-
cent ; peduncles mostly 3-flowercd ; fruit solitary
HAB. Batiks of rivers.

201. ERYNG1UM. Eryngo. Umbelliferaz.

\ . E. aquaticum : leaves linear-lanceolate, remotely
ciliate-spinous ; inferior ones ensiform, those of
the flowers lanceolate, dentate ; involucrum shorter
than the globose capitulum, entire, as are also thr
scales of the receptacle : stem subdichotomous.

PENTANDRIA.— DIGYNIA. 13S

HAB. New-Jersey ? U . Root tub. ; stem 2—3 ft.

high, irichot. above ; leav long ; fl. wh. or pale blue.
E. virgtnianum : leaves long-lanceolate, serrate ; in-

volucrum longer than the heads ; chaff tricuspidate.
HAB. Shores of rivers. U- Root tub. ; stem 3 — 4 ft.

high ; leav. 6 in. long ; heads num. ; fi. wh. or blue.
E. virgatum : leaves spathulate-ovate, irregularly

toothed ; leaflets of the invojucrum linear, longer

than the glohose heads ; chaff tricuspidate.
HAB. Wet meadows. U- ? Stem 2 — 3 ft. high; leav.

2 in. long, acutely dent. ; heads small; fi. blue.

202. SANICULA. Sanicle. Umbelliferce.
S. marilandica : leaves all digitate ; leaflets oblong.

incisely serrate ; staminiferous flowers numerous,

pedicellate.
HAB. Woods and thickets. June— Aug. % . Stem

2 ft. high ; fi. in small capit., umb. white.
}. canadensis : leaves subternate ; leaflets ovate

coarsely toothed.

203. HYDROCOTYLE. Marsh penny-wort,
Umbelliferce.

H. vulgaris : leaves peltate, orbicular, crenate ; um-
bels capitate, about 5-flowered.

HAB. Wet places. 1J. . Root creep. ; fl. in intcrup,
spikes ; fl. whitish.

H. vmbellata: leaves peltate, crenate, emarginate at
the base ; umbel of many pedunculate flowers.

HAB. Wet places. U . Root creep.; leav. sub renif. :
umb. 20 — 30-fi., longer than the leav. ; fl. renif.

H. americana : smooth ; root tuberous ; leaves reni-
form, somewhat 7-lobed, crenate ; umbels few-
flowered, sessile.

HAB. Wet shady places. June — Aug. U • Cre(>
stemfilif. ; umb. very small, glomerate.

H. ranuncxiloides: leaves somewhat 5-lobed, cordate
crenate-dentate ; umbels capitate, 8 — 10-flowered
Pennsylvania. June. U. Leav. nearly circular ,
I (inc. 1 in. long ; pedicels very slu.rt.

II. lincata: very smooth, creeping; leaves s.
cuneate-linear, with transverse nerves ; umbel*
nnculate.

M

134 PENTANDRIA.— DIGYNIA.

HAB. Muddy banks. July— Aug. U . Leav. 1% in,

long, succul., with 5 transv. nerves; umb. 8 — 10-fi*
£. H? composita: root tuberous ; stem simple, 2-leaved ;

leaves subternate ; leaflets many-cleft ; umbel 3 — 5-

flowered.
HAB. Alluvial soils. April. 2J. Root round; stem

ascend., 1 -leaved ; scapes 4 — 5 in. high ; fi. white,

204. SISON. | Honey-wort. Umbelliferce.

1. S. aureus: stem nearly simple, sulcate ; leaves bi-

ternate, shining ; leaflets oblong-lanceolate, atten-
uate at the base, incisely serrate ; involucrum 0.
HAB. Rocky hills. June— July. 1£. Stem 1|— 2 ft.
high ; umb. comp. ; fl. yell. ; fruit dark- col.

2. S. integerrimus : stem nearly simple ; leaves bi-tri-

ternate, glaucous, very entire ; leaflets oval, entire j
umbel with elongated rays ; involucrum 0.
HAB. Meadows and mountains. June. V-. Stem 18
in. high : rays of the umb.filif. ; fi. yell. ; fruit black.
>. S. capillaceus : leaves decompound, filiform ; stem
dichotomous, angular ; involucrum subpinnatifid.
HAB. Brackish meadows. July — Oct. ©. Much bran,?
1 ft. long ; umb. axil I., pedunc. ; fl. white.

205. CNIDIUM. Umbelliferie.

1. C. canadense : stem angular, flexuous ; leaves bipin-

nate, shining ; leaflets many-parted ; segments lan-
ceolate.
HAB. Mouths of rivers. +

2. C. atropurpureum : radical leaves subcordate, sim-

ple, serrate ; cauline ones ternate ; leaflets ovate,
acute, subcordate ; middle one petiolate ; partial
involucra dimidiate, 3-leaved.
HAB. Rocky banks of rivers. June. 1[. Stem 2 — o
ft. high ; fl. dark-purple.

206. SMYRNIUM. Alexanders. Umbelliferce.

S. cor datum : radical leaves simple, cordate, crenate ;

stem-leaves ternate, serrate ; umbels terminal.
HAB. Rocky hills. May —June. It. Stem 2— 8

ft. high; rad. leav. on long pet.; fl. yell.; fruit

black.

PENTANDRIA.— DIGYNIA. 135

207. CICUTA. Umbelliferaz.

t, C. maculaia: stem spotted; leaves tritemate ;
leaflets subternate, lanceolate, acuminate, mucro-
nately-serrate ; umbels axillary and terminal ; par-
tial involucra setaceous.
HAB. Wet places. July— Aug. ft. Stem 3—6
ft. high , glauc. ; umb. large, slend. ; fl. white.
Poisonous !

2. C. bulbifera: leaves various, ternate and biternate,
bulbiferous ; leaflets linear and linear-lanceolate,
remotely toothed ; umbels terminal, solitary.
HAB. Swamps. Aug. U. Stem 2 — 3 ft. high,,
slend. ; leav. bulbif. in the axils. ; umb. small ; fl.
wh.

208. DAUCUS. Carrot. Umbelliferx.

D. Carota : stem hispid ; leaves tripinnate ; leaflets
incised, linear-lanceolate, acute ; umbel at length
concave ; fruit bristly.

HAB. Old fields. June— Aug. £. Stem 2 ft.
high ; leav. pale green ; fl. white.

209. MYRRH1S. Umbelliferce.

i. M. procumbens : stem procumbent, somewhat hairy ;
leaves bipinnate ; segments lanceolate, rather ob-
tuse ; umbels 3-rayed, few-flowered ; fruit smooth.

HAB. Shady rocky places. May. 0. Stem 6—8
in. long ; fl. all fert., white ; fruit linear.
?. M. Claytoni : stem hairy, (at first hoary-white ;)
leaves biternate, pubescent ; leaflets incisely lobed,
dentate ; umbel 3-rayed ; central flowers abortive ;
universal and partial involucra 3 — 5-leaved, lan-
ceolate, ciliate ; fruit attenuate at the base, with
hispid angles, not rostrate ; style very short.

HAB. Shady rocky places. May — June. U . Root
fusif. ; stem 2 ft. hiah ; fruit linear-Ian., blackish.
'•. M. longistylis : stem smooth ; leaves biternate ; the
lower ones on short petioles ; leaflets ovate, in-
cisely lobed and dentate ; umbel 3 — 4-rayed ; cen-
tral flowers abortive ; universal and partial involu-
cra 3 — 5-leaved, oblong, acuminate ; fruit attenuate
at the base, with hispid angles ; styles long, subu-
late, straight.

136 PENTANDRIA.— DIGYNIA.

HAB. Wet meadows. June. U- Stem 2—3 ft,

high ; leav. slightly hairy ; partial petiol. elong. .
fl. wh.
i. M. canadensis : leaves ternate, smooth ; leaflet*
rhomboid-ovate, acute, incisely toothed, acutely
serrate ; partial involucra minute, subulate ; fruit
oblong, very smooth.
HAB. Rocky woods. June. 11 . Stern 1|— -2 ft,
high, erect, smooth ; umb. num. ; fr. 3 lin. long,

210. SIUM. Water-parsnip. Umhelliferai.

1. S. latifolium: stem angular; submerged leaves bi
pinnatifid ; upper ones pinnate ; leaflets oblong-
lanceolate, unequal at the base, acutely serrate ;
umbels terminal -
HAB. Shady swamps. July. U • Root creep. ;
stem 1-ang., 18 in. high; leafl. 4 pairs ; ft. white.
2. S. lineare : stem angular and sulcate ; leaves pin-
nate ; leaflets 4 — 5 pairs, linear-Ian* utely
and finely serrate ; involucra many-leaved, linear :
umbels terminal.
HAB. Swamps. Aug. 1£. Stem l-ang. 9 2— 3 ft.
high ; leafl. long and narrow ; fl. white ; cat. obsol.
»

211. CONIUM. Hemlock Umbelliferce.

C. maculatum : stem very smooth, spotted ; leaves
tripinnate ; leaflets lanceolate, pinnatifid ; segments
lanceolate, nearly entire.

HAB. Road sides, &c. July. $. Stem 2— 4 ft.
high; leav. smooth and shin ;fl. white. Poisonous!

212. LIGUSTICUM. Lovage. Umhelliferai.

1. L. scoticum : leaves biternate ; leaflets subrhombic-

ovate, coarsely serrate ; involucrum linear-lanceo-
late.
HAB. Salt marshes. July. U. Stem \S in. high 7
smooth ; leav. retic. ; umb. pedunc. ; fl. wh.

2, L. actceifolium : leaves biternate ; leaflets oval,

equally toothed ; partial involucra setaceous ; fruit
©blong-oval, leaves somewhat win«;s.
HAB. New-York. V-. Stem very tall, smooth;
petioles long; umb. num., subvert. ) fl. wh.

PENTANDRIA.— DIGYNIA. 135

213. HERACLEUM. Cow-parsnip. Umbellifem.

11. lanatum : leaves ternate, petiolate, tomentose
beneath ; leaflets petioled, round-cordate, lobed j
• fruit orbicular.

HAB. Wet meadows. June. U. Stem 3—5/*.
high, thick, pubes. ; umb. large ; fl. wh.

214. PASTINACA. Parsnip. Umbelliferce.

1. P. sativa: stem sulcate ; leaves pinnate; leaflets

subpubescent beneath, oblong, incised ; terminal
one 3-lobed.
HAB. Fields, &c. July— Sept. £. Stem 2 ft.
high, smooth ; leafl sess. ; fl. yell.

2. P. rigida: stem terete striate; leaves pinnate,

smooth ; leaflets oblong-lanceolate, entire, or with
several remote teeth.
HAB. Swamps. Sept. U. Stem 2—4 ft. high,
rigid ; leafl. 4 — 5 pairs ; fl. white.

3. P. ambigua: stem slightly angular ; leaves pinnate,

smooth ; leaflets linear, entire, subglaucous be-
neath ; umbels terminal, subsolitary ; partial invo-
lucra subulate.
HAB. Swamps. Sept. H . 3 — 5 ft. high, slend. ;
fl. wh.

215. ANGELICA. Umbelliferce.

I. A. triquinata : stem terete, pubescent above ; leaves
ternate, very smooth ; the partitions quinate ;
leaflets oblong-ovate, equally serrate ; the inferior
ones 2 -lobed at the base.
HAB. Dry woods. Aug. %. Stem 3 — 5 high,
straight, white above, leav. thick ; fl. while.
I. A. alropurpurea : stem smooth, coloured; leaves
ternate ; the partitions subquinate ; leaflets ovate,
acute, incisely serrate, sublobed ; the 3 terminal
ones confluent ; petioles very large, inflated.
HAB. Wet meadows. June. U . Root aromat. ;
stem 3 — 5 ft. high, thick, purplish ; fl. greenish.
«. A. lucida : leaflets equal, ovate, incisely serrate.
HAB. Shady woods. U. Stem 1—2 high} ra
[eCP. tripi,!.; leafl. dark green, lucid abov ■
M '

138 PENTANDRIA.— TRIGYNIA,

216. THAPSIA- Umbelliferce.

T. trifoliata : petioles and nodes of the stem pubes-
cent ; leaves biternate and ternat ; leaflets cu-
neate and ovate, unequally and incisely serrate, en-
tire at the base ; umbels terminal ; partial involu-
era 3-leaved, subulate.

HAB. Sandy banks of rivers. June. U . Stem 3
ft. high, ang. and sulc. ; umb. 3 — 4 ; fi. yell.

TRIGYNIA.

217. VIBURNUM. Caprifolia.
\. V. prunifolium : smooth; leaves round-obovak
acutely serrate ; petioles margined.
HAB. Woods and hedges. June. A small tree,
leav. oppos., lj in. long ; fi. white : her. oval, dark
blue.
v. V. pyrifolium : smooth ; leaves ovate-oblong, acute r
crenate-serrate ; petiole naked ; cymes subpedun
culate ; fruit ovate-oblong.
HAB. Rocky woods. June. Shrub 5 — \Oft. high,
leav. 2 in. long ; ber. red.
3. V. Lentago : smooth ; leaves broad-ovate, acumi-
nate, acutely serrate ; petioles margined, undulate ;
cymes sessile.
HAB. Rocky woods. May. Shrub 8—12 ft. high .
leav. 3 in. long, often subcord. ; ber. black.
1. V. nudum : leaves oval-oblong ; margin revolute and
obscurely crenulate ; petioles naked ; cymes pe
dunculate.
HAB. Swamps. June. Shrv.b 8 — 10 ft. high:
leav. 4 in. long, punct. and relic, beneath ; ber. blue
«. V. Lantanoidesi leaves orbicular-cordate, abruptly
acuminate ; nerves and petioles pulverulent-tomen-
tose, unequally serrate ; cymes closely sessile.
HAB. Rocky woods. May— June. Shrub 4—8 fi.
high; leav. large, •with the nerv. rusty ; cym. often
radiate.
;. V. dentatum: nearly smooth; leaves on long petioles,
orbicular-ovate, dentate-serrate, plicate ; axils of
the veins pubescent beneath ; cymes pedunculate ;
Truit subglobose,

PENTANDRIA.— TRIGYNIA. 139

HAD. Woods and hedges. June. Shrub 8 ft. high,

with straight bran. ; ber. small, blue.
7. V. pub esc ens : leaves on.very short petioles, ovate,
acuminate, dentate-serrate, villous beneath ;
cymes pedunculate ; fruit oblong.

HAB. Mountains. June. Shrub 6 ft. high; leav,
and cymes smaller than No. 6.
"J. V. acerifolium : leaves subcordate, 3-lobed, acute!}
serrate, pubescent beneath ; lobes acuminate,
petioles without glands, hairy ; cymes on long
peduncles,

HAB. Rocky woods. May — June. Shrub 4 — 6
ft. high ; leav. broad ; ber. oval, compress., black-
ish.
9, V. Oxycoccus : leaves 3-lobed, acute at the base,
3-nerved ; lobes divaricate, acuminate, remotely
and obtusely dentate ; petioles glandular ; cymes-
radiate.

HAB. Mountain woods. May — June. A small
shrub ; branch, spread. ; ber. large, red, acid.
f 0. V. edule : leaves 3-lobed, rather obtuse at the base,
3-nerved ; lobes very short, with acuminate-den-
tate serratures ; petioles glandular ; cymes
radiate.

HAB. Banks of rivers. Shrub smaller and more
upright than the last ; ber. large, red, acid.

218. SAMBUCUS. Elder. Caprifolia.

; . canadensis : nerves and petioles very smooth ;

leaflets oblong-oval, about 3 pairs, acuminate..

smooth ; midrib subpubescent ; cymes lax ; stem

frutescent.
HAB. Low grounds. May — July. Shrub 6 — 10
ft. high ; leav. often bipin. ; fl. white, ber. deep

purp.
; . pvbens : petioles and leaves beneath pubescent

leaflets oval-lanceolate ; cymes paniculate: stent

lVuticose.

[AB. Mountains. June. Shrub G — 8 ft. high •

leav. simply pinnate, 3 pairs ; ber. small.

140 « PENTANDRIA.— TRIGYNIA.

210. RHUS. Sumach. Terebintacex.

* Leaves pinnate.

I. R. glabrum : leaflets lanceolate, smooth, acumi-
nate, acutely serrate, whitish beneath ; flower*
perfect ; fruit downy.
HAB. Hedges and thickets, July. Shrub 6— 12 ft.
high, with strag. branch. ; leajl. 12 — 15 pairs; her.
crim.

2. R. typhinum : branches and petioles very villous ;

leaflets in many pairs, lanceolate-oblong, acuminate,
acutely serrate, pubescent beneath.
HAB. Rocky hills. June. Shrub 8—15 high:
leajl. 10 — 15 pairs ; pan. dense, oblong; ber.purp.
•oilL

3. R. copallinwn: petiole winged ; leaflets in man}

pairs, oval-lanceolate, very entire, shining on the
upper surface ; panicle sessile ; flowers dioecious.
HAB. Dry woods and hill sides. July. Shrub 4 — o
ft. high ; leajl. dark-green, 4 — 6 pairs ; ber. red,
hairy.

4. R. Vernix : very smooth ; leaflets in many pairs.

oval, abruptly acuminate, entire ; panicle loose,
flowers dioiecous.
HAB. Swamps. June — Jul}'. A small tree; leaf.
5 pairs, subsess. ; pan. clust. ; ber. smooth, whitish.

* * Leaves ternate.

$. R. Toxicodendron : stem erect ; leaflets broad-oval.

entire or sinuate-dentate, subpubescent beneath :

flowers dioecious, in sessile axiliary racemes.
HAB. Dry woods. June — July. Shrub 1 — 3 ft.

In'zh. s?nooth : leav. shin, above ; ber. smooth.
/3. radicans : stem climbing.

HAB. Woods and hedges. Stem climbing very high.
6. R. aromaticum : leaflets sessile, ovate-rhomboid,

dentate, pubescent beneath ; flowers amentaceous,

dioecious ; berries hairy.
HAB. Mountains. April. Shrub small : f . in ax ill .

racem. or aments. ; her. dust., red.

PENTANDRIA.— PENTAGYNIA. Mi

220. STAPHYLEA. Bladder-nut. Celastrince.

S. trifolia: leaves ternate.

HAB. Rocky hills. May. Shrub 6— 10 ft. high ; fl.
in pend. racem., greenish-wk. ; caps, large.

TETRAGYNIA.

221. PARNASSIA. Grass of Parnassus.
Uncertain.

1. F. caroliniana: radical leaves orbicular-ovate, cor-
date ; nectaries 3-bristled.
HAB. Boggy woods. Aug. — Sept. %. Leav,
mostly rad., on long pet. ;Jl. sol., term.^yellowish-wh.
5. P. palustris : radical leaves cordate ; nectariev
many- bristled.
HAB. Bog-meadows. -f~.

PENTAGYNIA

222. ARALIA. Aytlice.

1. A. nudicaulis: nearly stemless ; leaf solitar}', triqui •

nate ; scape naked, shorter than the leaf; umbel.* 1
few.
HAB. Among rocks. June — Jury. Root thick.
creep. ; petiole long ; leajl. oval, serrate ; scape 1 -
Jl., long, 3-urnbelled ; jl. greenish.

2. A. racemosa : stem herbaceous, branched ; petioles

3-parted ; partitions ternate and quinate ; umbels
compound, in axillary panicles.

HAB. Rocky woods. July — Aug. U . Root thick,
aromat. ; stem 3 — 4 ft. high ; umb. num.
J. A. hitpida : suffruticose ; stem and petioles hispid j
leaves doubly pinnate ; leaflets ovate, incisely ser-
rate ; umbels on lonp peduncles.

HAB. Mountains. July— -Aug. Stem U ft. high,
very hispid below; pedunc. nxill. and term.
•I. A. spinosa : arborescent; stem and leaves spinous ;
leaves doubly pinnate ; umbels numerous, in com-
pound panicles.

142 PENTANDRIA.— HEXAGYNIA.

HAB. Low fertile woods. Shrub 8 — 12 ft. high*
very prickly ; pan. very large, term.

223. STATICE. Thrift. Plumbaginecs.

1. S. Armeria: scape simple, terete, capitate; leaves

linear, flat.
HAB. Sea-shore. U- Leav. all rad., cespit. ;
scape 1 ft. high; fl. rose-col., in a term. head. -f-.

2. S. Limonium : scope paniculate, terete ; leaves ob-

long, undulate, smooth and nerveless, mucronate
below the tip.
HAB. Salt marshes. Aug.— Oct. U . Root large :
scape I ft. high ; pan. large ; fl. secund, blue.

224. LINUM. Flax. Linece.

1. L. virginianum: stem paniculate at the summit;
radical leaves obovate or spathulate ; cauline ones
lanceolate ; flowers remote, alternate ; segments
of the calyx acute.
HAB. Rocky hills. July— Aug. ©. Stem 1±— 3
ft. high, slend. ; leases scat. ; fl. very small, pale
yell,
h. usitatissimum? segments of the calyx ovate, acute,
3-nerved ; petals crewate ; leaves lanceolate, alter-
nate ; stem subsolitary
HAB. Fields. June— Jaly. ©. Stem 1—2 ft.
high, bran, above ; fl. large, blue.

225. SIBBALDIA. Rosacea.

S. procumbens : leaves ternate ; leaflets cuneate 4
tridentate, smooth a>>ove, hairy beneath ; flowers
corymbed ; petals lanceolate, acute, about as long
as the calyx.

HAB. High mountains. T? Plant small, procumb. /
fl. yellow.

HEXAGYNIA.

226. DROSERA. Sun-dew. Droseraceoe.

1 % D. rotundifolia : leaves suborbicular, dilated ; pe-
tiole elongated, hairy above ; racemes mostly sim
pie. erect.

HEXANDRIA.— MONOGYNIA. 143

HAB. Bogs. July — Aug. U . Leav. all rad. 9
spreading, covered with brown viscid Jilam. ; scape
4 — 8 in. long ; Jl. secund, small, white ; seeds lin.

2. D. longifolia: leaves crenate, obovate, papering

below into a long footstalk, erect -spreading, scape
declined at the base ; stipules many-cleit, capilla-
ceous ; segments of the calyx ovate-oblong, obtuse.
HAB. Bogs and sandy swamps. July— Aug. U.
Caudex sometimes elong. ; scape bent and ascend. ;
seeds ovate.

3. D. filiformis : leaves filiform, very long, glandulous

the whole length ; scape simple or bifid.
HAB. Sandy swamps. Aug. — Sept. H. Leav,
6 — 10 in. long ; scape 1 ft. long : Jl. large, purp,

POLYANDRIA.

221. XANTHORHIZA. Yellow-root. Ranunculaceo:,

X. apiifolia.

HAB. Banks of rivers. April. Suffruticose ; root
large, yell. ; stem 2 — 3 ft. high ; leav. bipinn. ; J?,
in. comp. racem., dark-purp.

HEXANDRIA.

MONOGYNIA.

A. Flowers complete, having a calyx and coroliu,

228. TRADESCANTIA. Cal. 3-leaved. Pet.

Fil. villous. Caps, superior, 3-celled, many
seeded.
LEONTICE. Cal. 6-leaved, caducous. Pet. 6, un-
guiculate, opposite the calyx. NecU 5, inserted
upon the claws of the petals. Auth. adnate t*
the Jilam. ; 2-celled ; cells opening longitudi-
nally.

!44 HEXANDRIA.— MONOGYNIA,

Per. rupturing at an early period, leaving the large
naked, drupe-form seed elevated on its funic.

230. BERBERIS. Cal. 6-leaved. Pet. 6, with 2 glands

on each claw. Style ; stig. umbilicate. Berry
1 -celled, 2— 4-seeded.

231. PRINOS. Cal. minute, 6-cleft. Cor. monopeta-

lous, subrotate, 6-parted. Berry 6-seeded.
<?32. FLCERKEA. Cal. 3-leaved. Cor. 3-petalled,
shorter than the calyx. Style bifid. Utric. 2 — 3.
united, 1 -seeded, superior.

B. Flowers spathaceous.

233. AMARYLLIS. Cor. superior, 6-petalled, irregu-

lar. Fil. arising from the orifice of the tube,
declined, or straight, unequal.

234. ALLIUM. Cor. 6-petalled, spreading. Spath

many-flowered. Umb. crowded. Caps, supe-
rior, 3-celled, 3-valved, many-seeded.

235. HYPOXIS. Spath. 2-valved. Cor. superior, 6-

parted, persistent. Caps, elongated, narrowed
at the base, 3-celled, many-seeded. Seeds round-
ish, naked.

236. PONTEDERIA. Cor. inferior, 6-cleft, bilabiate ;

under side of the tube perforated with 3 longi-
tudinal foramina ; lower part persistent, calycine.
Stain, unequally inserted ; 3 of them upon the
summit of the tube. Utric. muricate, 1 -seeded.

C. Flowers naked. (Without a spath ; peri-
anth single, petaloid.)

237. C0N0STYL1S. Cor. semi-superior, 6-cleft, per-

sistent, woody. Anth. erect. Style conic, tri-
partite ; stig. simple. Caps, opening at the sum-
mit, 3-celled, 3-valved, many-seeded.
338. ALETRIS. Cor. tubulous-ovate, 6-cleft at the
summit, rugose, persistent. Stam, inserted upon
the orifice. Style triquetrous, tripartile. Caps.
semisuperior, many-seeded, opening at the sum-
mit.
HEMEROCALLIS. Car. campanulate ; tube cy-
lindric. Stam. declined. Stigmas rather small,,
simple, somewhat villous.

HEXANDRIA.— MONQGYNIA. I4fe

MO. AGAVE. Cor. superior, erect, tubular or in-
fundibuliform. Staminif.JiL longer than the co-
rolla, erect. Caps, triangular, many-seeded.

241- PHALANGIUM. Cor. 6-petalled, spreading.
Fil. smooth. Caps, superior, ovate. Seeds an-
gular.

242. NARTHECIUM Cor. inferior, 6-petalled ;

spreading, persistent. Fil. filiform, hairy. Caps.
prismatic, 3-celled, many-seeded. Seeds finely
attenuate at each extremity. Cal. 0.

243. ORNITHOGALUM. Cor. 6-petalled, persistent,

spreading above the middle. Cal. 0. Fil. dila-
ted at the base. Caps, superior, roundish, 3-
celled. Seeds roundish.

i44. LILIUM. Cor. 6-petalled, campanulate. Pet.
mostly reflexed, marked with a longitudinal nec-
tariferous line. Stam. shorter than the style.
Stig. entire. Caps, superior, subtriangular ;
valves connected by cancellate hairs.

345- ERYTHRONIUM. Cor. 6-petalled, subcam-
panulate ; petals reflexed ; the interior ones with
a callous tooth on each side near the base, and
a nectariferous pore. Caps, superior, substipi-
tate. Seeds ovate.

<!4C. UVULARIA. Cor. inferior, 6-petalled, erect;
petals with a nectariferous cavity at the base of
each. Fil. very short ; anth. adnate. Stig. re-
flexed. Caps, triangular, 3-celled, 3-valved ;
valves septiferous in the middle. Seeds nume-
rous, subglobose, axillate at the hilum.

,147. STREPTOPUS. Cor. inferior, 6-petalled, sub-
campanulate. Stigmas very short. Berry sub-
globose, smooth, 3-celled. Seeds few, hilum
naked.

248. CONVALLARIA. Cor. inferior, 6-cleft. Berry
globose, spotted, 3-celled.

>49. ASPARAGUS. Cor. inferior, 6-parted. Style
very short ; stigmas 3. Berry 3-celled, cel!>
seeded.

N

146 HEXANDRIA.— -TRIGYNIA.

D. Flowers incomplete. (Perianth single, re-
sembling a calyx.)

250. ORONTIUM. Spad. cylindric, crowded with

flowers. Cor. 6-petalled, naked. Style and
stig. scarcely any. Utric. 1 -seeded.

251. ACORUS. Spad. cylindric, covered with flowers.

Cor. 6-petalled, naked. Stig. sessile, very mi-
nute. Caps. 3- celled.

252. JUNCUS. Perian. 6-leaved, glumaceous. Caps.

superior, 3-celled, 3-valved ; cells many-seeded.
Seeds attached to a partition in the middle of
each valve.

253. LUZULA. Perian. 6-leaved, glumaceous. Caps.

superior, 3-celled, 3-valved ; cells 1 -seeded.
valves without partitions.

TRIGYNIA.

254. MELANTH1UM. Polygamous.— Cal. 0. Cor.

6-parted, rotate ; segments unguiculate, with 2
glands at the base of each ; claws staminiferons.
Caps, subovate, 3-celled ; apex partly trifid.
Seeds numerous, membranaceously winged.

255. VERATRUM. Polygamous.— Cal. 0. Cor. 6-

parted, expanding ; segments sessile, without
glands. Stam. inserted upon the receptacle.
Cap. 3, united, many-seeded.

256. HELONIAS. Cor. 6-parted, spreading, without

glands. Styles 3, distinct. Caps. 3-celled, 3-
horned, cells few-seeded.

257. XEROPHYLLUM. Cor. subrotate, deeply 6-

parted. Fil. contiguous at the base. Stig. 3,
revolute, partly united below. Caps, subglo-
bose, 3-celled ; cells 2-seeded, opening at the
summit.
558. TOFIELDIA. Cal. 3-leaved. Pet. 6. Anth.
roundish. Styles vertical, short. Caps. 3. su
perior, united at the base, many-seeded.

HEX ANDRI A.— POLYGYNIA. 147

259. SCHEUCHZERIA, Cal. 6-parted. Cor. 0. Anth.

linear. Stig. sessile, lateral. Caps, inflated,
distinct, mostly 2-seeded.

260. TR1GLOCHIN. Perian. 6-leaved, deciduous ;

leaflets concave ; 3 of the leaflets inferior and
more calycine. Starn. 3 — 6, very short; anth.
» turned outward. Stig. nearly sessile, adnate.
Caps. 3—6, united above by a com. receptacle
and axis, generally separating at the base, 1-
seeded, not opening.
JG1. GYROMIA. Cal. 0. Cor. 6-parted, revolute. Fil.
and anth. distinct. Styles ; stig. 3, filiform
and divaricate, united at the base. Berry 3-
celled ; cells 5 — 6-seeded. Seeds compressed,
3-sided.

262. TRILLIUM. Cal. 3-leaved. Cor. 3-petalled.

Stig. sessile. Berry superior, 3-celled ; cells
many-seeded.

263. RUMEX. Perian. 6-leaved. Nut triquetrous,

covered by the 3 interior valviform leaves of
the perianth. Stig many-cleft.

TETRAGYNIA.

2G4. SAURURUS. Flowers in an ament or crowded
spike ; «cales 1 flowered. Cor. 0. Anth. ad-
nate to the filaments. Caps, each 1, or rarely
2-seeded.

POLYGYNIA.

ALISMA. Cal. 3-leaved. Pet. 3. Caps, nume-
rous, 1-seeded, not opening.

TRADESCANTIA. Spider-wort. Commelinea.

1. T. virginica : erect; leaves lanceolate, elongated,
smooth, flowers in a crowded umbel, sessile,
pubescent.
HAB. Shady woods. May. 11. Stem 1 ft. high
\tap, ranalic. ; umb. crowd. ; fl. blur.

148 HEXANDRIA.— MONOGYNIA.

2. T. rosea : erect, simple ; leaves linear ; peduncles
elongated ; calyx smooth.
HAB. Wet sandy fields. May. %. Stem 1 fi.
high ; leav. narrow ; fl. small, rose-col.

229. LEONTICE. Berberidece.

L. thalictroides : leaves bi-triternate ; leaflets 2 — 3

lobed ; flowers paniculate, from the centre of the

leaves.
HAB. Rocky woods and mountains. Apr. — May.

1£. Aft. high, smooth, mostly 2-leav. ; fl. sm.,

greenish-yell. ; seed large, dark blue.

230. BERBERIS. Barberry. Berberideai.

B. vulgaris h canadensis : branches punctate, armed
with trifid spines ; leaves oblong-obovate, distinctly
ciliate-serrate ; racemes simple, subcorymbose.
recurved.

HAB. Rocky hills. May— June. Shrub 3—4 ft.
high ; leav. altern. ; filam. irritable ; fl. yell. ; her.
red, acid.

231. PRINOS. Winterberry. Rhamni.

\. P. verticillatus : leaves deciduous, oval, serrate,
acuminate, pubescent beneath : flowers 6-parted,
dioecious ; staminiferous axillary, subumbellate ;
pistilliferous aggregated.
HAB. Moist woods and swamps. June. Shrub 6 — 3
ft. high ; leav. alt. ; fl. white ; her. scarlet,
a. tenuifolius : leaves obovate, membranaceous,
smooth beneath ; pistilliferous 4 — 5 cleft, Subsoli-
tary.
HAB. Swamps. Leav. do'tuse, or slightly acum. ,
midrib pube* .
-. P. Qtf&iguus: leaves deciduous, oval, cuminate ai
each end ; flowers 4-cleft ; staminiferous ones
crowded on the lower branchlets ; pistilliferous
solitary, on long peduncles.
HAB. Near Philadelphia. A small tree, bark whi-
tish; leav. smooth, petiolate,

HEXANDRIA.— MONOGYNIA 149

P. Icevigatus : leaves deciduous, lanceolate, with ad-
pressed serratures, smooth on both sides, shining
above ; nerves beneath scarcely pubescent ; flow-
ers 6-cleft ; pistilliferous axillary, solitary, subses-
sile ; staminiferous scattered.

HAB. Swamps. June. Shrub 6— S ft. high ; leav,
2| in. long ; stam. fl. pedunc, ber. red.

P. glaber: leaves sempervirent, cuneate-lanceolate,
coriaceous, smooth and shining, subdentate at the
extremity ; pedicels axillary, subsolitary, mostly
3-flowered.

HAB. Swamps and pine-barrens. July. Shrub 3—4
ft. high ; fl. perfect ? pedunc. j ber. black.

232. FLCERKEA. Juncece ?

V. uliginosa.

HAB. River marshes. Apr. — May. Decumb.,
slend., smooth, leav. alt. ; trif. and pinnatif. ; pe-
dunc. axill. ; fl. small, white.

233. AMARYLLIS. Amaryllidece.

A. Atamasco : spath. bifid, acute ; flowers pedicel-
late ; corolla subcampanulate, subequal, erect,
short and tubular at the base ; stamens declined,
equal.

HAB. Swamps. June. V-. Root bulb. ; leav. lin.
concave ; scape 6 in. high ; fl. large, wh. and pink.

234. ALLIUM. Onion, &c. Asphodclea.

A. canadense : scape naked, terete ; leaves linear ;
head bulbiferous.

HAB. Meadows. May. If. Root bulb. ; leav. long
flat above ; fl. numerous, pale rose-col.

A. vineale: cauline leaves rounded, fistulous ; umbel
bulbiferous ; stamens alternately tricuspidate.

HAB. Meadows and pastures. May. If.. Bulb
ovate, stem 2 ft. high ; leav. long ;fl. deep rose-€ol. §.

A. triflorum: scape naked, terete, shorter than
the leaves ; leaves lanceolate, nerved, umfcel few-
lowered

N2

.150 HEXANDRIA.— MONOGYNIA.

HAB. Mountains. May — June.
4. A. cernuum: scape naked, quadrangular, umbellife-
rous ; leaves linear, nearly flat ; umbel cernuous ;
stamens simple ; germen 6-toothed.

HAB. Pennsylvania. July U. Leav. 8—12 in.

long, 3-lin. broad; scape 1 — 2/i>. high; fi. rose-col.

T>. A. tricoccum : scape naked, nearly terete; leaves

lanceolate-oblong, flat, smooth ; umbel globose,

seeds solitary.

HAB. Woods and mountains. June— July. U . Bulb,
large: leav. 1 in. broad ; fi. white.

235. HYPOXIS. Star-grass. Asphodelccc.

IT. erecta: hairy; scape 2— 4-flowered ; leaves li
near ; segments of the corolla lanceolate-oblong.

HAB. Woods and meadows. May — June. U . Roof
bidb. solid ; leav. gramin. ; fi. yell.

23G. PONTEDERIA. Narcissi?

P. cor data : leaves oblong-cordate ; flowers in
crowded spikes.

HAB. In fresh water. Aug. V-. Leav. subrad.,
3 — 4 in. long, thick; spath. oblong ;fi. aggreg. blue.

3. angustifolia : leaves elongated-triangular, trun-
cate and subcordate at the base.

HAB. Mountain-lakes.

237. CONOSTYLIS. Hmmodoracccc.

C. americana: corolla woolly within ; scape corym-
bose-panicled ; leaves gramineous-ensiform, glau-
cous ; filaments equal.

HAB. Sandy swamps. July — Aug. U . Root creep.h
scape 1 ft. long ; fi. small, yellow within.

238. ALETRIS. Star-wort. Asphodelew.

. A. farinosa : flowers pedicellate, oblong-tubular ;
corolla, when decaying, nearly smooth ; leavoi-
broad-lanceolate.

HEXANDRIA.— MONOGYNIA. 151

HAB. Sandy woods. July. V- • Root prcemorse ; leav.

rad.. spreading ; scape 2 ft. high ;fl. white.
2. A. aurea : flowers subsessile, short, subcampanu-

late ; corolla, when decaying, rugose and very

scabrous ; leaves lanceolate.
HAB. In pine-barrens. July — Aug. H . scape 2 — 3

ft. high; pedicels bracteate ;fl. yellow.

239. HEMEROCALLIS. Day Lily. Hemerocallidece.

II. fulva : leaves broad-linear, carinate ; interior
petals obtuse, undulate ; exterior nerves of the
petals ramose.

HAB. Wet meadows. June — Aug. U . Leav. very
long ; scape 3 ft. high ; fl. large, fulvous. §.

240. AGAVE. Bastard aloe. Bromelice.

A. virginica : stemless, herbaceous ; leaves with
cartilaginous serratures ; scape simple.

HAB. Banks of rivers. Sept. %. Root pr minor se :
leav. succul.; scape 4 — 6 ft. high;fl. yellowish.

241. PHALANGIUM. Asphodelex.

P. esculentum : root bulbous ; leaves all radical, line-
ar, carinate ; stigma minutely 3 cleft.

IIAB. Banks of rivers and lakes. Sept. U. Root
tunic. : scope simp. ; fl. pale blue.

242. NARTHEC1UM. Juncem.

N. americanum: raceme sometimes interrupted!}
spiked, lax ; pedicels with a setaceous bract below
the flower, and another embracing its base ; fila-
ments with very short hair.

HAB. Sandy swamps. Aug. V-. Root creep. ; leav.
rod., narrow cnsif. ;fl. yellow intern.

ORNITHOGALUM. Star of Bethlehem. Aspho
delcce.

O. -umbellatum : corymb, few-flowered ; peduncle*
longer ihun the bracts ; filaments subulate

152 HEXANDRIA.— MONOGYNIA.

HAB. Moist meadows. May — June. H . Root bulb. .
leav, rad., tin. ; fl. while. §.

244. LILIUM. Lily. Liliaceat.

1 . L. philadelphicum : leaves verticillate, linear-lan-

ceolate ; stem 1 — 2-flowered : corolla erect, cam-
panulate, spreading ; petals unguiculate.
HAB. Copses. June— July. V-. Stem 2 ft. high ;
leav. 3-ncrv. ; fl. dark orange.

2. L. canadense : leaves remotely verticillate, lanceo-

late ; nerves hairy beneath; peduncles terminal,
elongated, generally by threes ; flowers nodding ;
corolla turbinate, campanulate, slightly re volute ;
petals lanceolate.
HAB. Moist meadows. June — July. V-. Stem 2 — 4
ft. high ; fl. about 3, spotted.

3. L. superbum : leaves verticillate, linear-lanceolate.

3-nerved, smooth ; the upper ones scattered ; flow-*
ers in a pyramidal raceme, reflexed ; petals revo-
lute.
HAB. Wet meadows. July. U . Stem 4—Gft. high ;
fi. 3 — 20, bright orange, spotted.

4. L. Catesboei : leaves scattered, linear-lanceolate :

stem 1 -flowered ; corolla erect ; petals with lon^
claws, undulate on the margin, reflexed at the rip.
HAB. Pennsylvania. July. y. . Stem l±fi.high;
fl. large, scarlet, spotted.

245. ERYTHRON1UM. Dog's-tooth Violet. Liliace<r.

3. E. amcricanum : leaves lanceolate, punctate ; petal*
oblong-lanceolate, obtuse at the point ; interior
ones bidentate near the base ; style clavate ; stigma
entire.

HAB. Shady moist places. April — May. U • Leav.
2, rad ;fl. solit. nod., yellow.
2. E. albidum : leaves elliptical-lanceolate, not punc-
tate ; petals linear-lanceolate, obtuse ; inner ones
without dentures, subunguiculate ; style 3-cleft ;
lobes reflexed.

HAB. River banks. April. U . Leav. 6 in. long
fl. large, bluish white.

HEXANDRIA.— MONOGYNIA. 153

246. UVULARIA. Bell-wort. Liliacece.

1. U. perfoliata : leaves perfoliate, elliptic-obtuse;
corolla campanulate, granular, scabrous within ;
anthers cuspidate.
HAB. Moist shady places. May— June. U. . 8—10
in. high ; fl. pcnd. pale yell.

I. V.flava: leaves perfoliate, elliptical-oblong, undu-
late at the base ; corolla tapering at the base, sca-
brous within ; anthers awned.
HAB. Shady woods. May — June. lj. . Fl. larger
mid brighter yellow than U. perf.

3. U. grandijlora : leaves perfoliate, oblong, acute;

petals smooth within ; anthers without awns ; nec-
taries subrotund.
HAB. Rocky hills, ty . Fl. large, bright yellow.

4. U. sessilifolia : stem smooth; leaves sessile, oval-

lanceolate, glaucous beneath ; petals flat, smooth
within ; capsule stipitate.
HAB. Shady thickets. May — June. V-. Stem 6-,
12 in. high, forked above ; fl. pale yellow.

247. STREFTOFUS. Liliacea>.

1. S. roseus : smooth and shining; leaves amplexicaul,

serrulate ciliate, anthers short, 2-horned.
HAB. Mountains. May— June. V-. Stem 18 in.

high, dicliot. ;Jl. rose-col.

. distorius : smooth ; leaves amplexicaul, smooth on

the margin ; pedicels distorted and geniculate in the

middle ; anthers sagittate, acuminate, much longer

than the filaments.
HAB. Mountain woods. May. U- Stem 2 ft. high ;

fl. solit. y greenish yellow.
*•. S. lanuginosus : hoary-pubescent; leaves sessile,

subcordatc at the base, acuminate ; pedicels by

pairs, on a very short foot-stalk.
HAB. High mountains. May. V-. Leav. abrupt

acum. ; fl. large, greenish.

CONVALLARIA, Solomon's seal, kc. lAlia

154 HEXANDRIA.— M0N0GYN1A.

* Corolla deeply 4-parted, spreading ; stamens 4 ;

berry 2-celled. (Flowers in a terminal

raceme.) Majanthemum.

1. C. bifolia : Stem 2-leaved ; leaves on short petioles,

cordate oblong, very smooth on both sides ; raceme
simple, terminRl ; flowers tetrandrous.
HAB. Shady woods'. May- June. V-. Stem 4—6
in. high; Jl. small, white; her. spotted with red.

** Cor. G-parted, spreading ; filaments divergent, at-
tached to the base of the segments. (Flowers in
a terminal raceme.) Smilacina.

2. C. stellata : leaves numerous, alternate, oval-ianceo-

late, amplexicaul ; rareme simple, terminal.
HAB. Wet meadows. May — June. V-. Afoot high,
terete; fi. small, white.

3. C. trifolia : stem about 3-leaved ; leaves alternate,

ovate-lanceolate, contracted at the base ; raceme
simple, terminal, few-flowered.
HAB. Mountain swamps. May. 1/. Jl span high :
ft. sm. white, on short pedicels.

4. C. racemosa : leaves numerous, alternate, sessile,

oblong-oval, acuminate, nerved, pubescent ; flow-
ers in a terminal, racemose panicle.
HAB. Low grounds. June. % Stem IB in. — 2 ft.
high, subflex. ;fl. small, while ; ber. red.

*** Corolla subcampanulate, deeply 6-parted; style elon-
gated ; berry 2-celled, many-seeded.

:>. C. umbellulata : subcaulescent : leaves oblong-oval,
ciliate on the margin, scape pubescent ; umbel,
terminal ; pedicels nodding, with minute bracts at
the base.
HAB. Mountain bogs. May — June. U. Leav. very
large, about 3, subrad. ; scape 6 — 8 in, long ; umb.
3 — 4fi. ;Jl. greenish yellow ; ber. blue.

•#*** Corolla 6-cleft, cylindric ; filaments inserted or
the upper part of the tube ; berry 2>-celled ; cells 2-

HEXANDRI A.— MONOG YN I A . 1 55

seeded. (Flowers axillary.) Poly-
gonatum.

• . C. multiflora: stem terete; leaves alternate, am-
plexicaul, oblong-oval ; peduncles axillary, many-
flowered.
HAB. Rocky hills. June— July. "4- Stem 2— 3 ft.
high, smooth ;fl. gr. white.

7. C. hiflora: stem terete, smooth; leaves alternate

elliptical-lanceolate, 3-nerved ; peduncles axillary,
solitary, 2- flowered.
HAB. Rocky places. V-. Fl. yellow white, with
green lips. -}-.

8. C. pubescent : stem nearly terete, furrowed ; leaves

alternate, amplexicaul, ovate, pubescent beneath ;
peduncles axillary generally 2-flowered.
HAB. Rock. June. U . Stem 1 8 in. high, smooth ;
fl. yet. wh. and green.
.*». C. canaliculaia ; stem canaliculate ; leaves alternate,
amplexicaul, oblong, pubescent on the margin ;
peduncles axillary, 2-flowered.
HAB. Shady woods. U. -f.
10. C. latifolia : stem angular ; leaves sessile, ovate,
acuminate ; peduncles one or many-flowered.
HAB. Rocky banks. June— July. Stem 3—5 ft.
high ; ped. 3 — 6fl. ; fl. gr. wh.

249. ASPARAGUS. Asparagece.

A. officinalis : unarmed ; stem herbaceous, erect te-
rete, very much branched ; leaves setaceous, fasci-
culate, flexible ; peduncles jointed in the middle.

HAB. Rocky and gravelly shores. June. U . Fi.
gr. while. §.

250. ORONTIUM. Golden club. Aroideaz.

O. aquaticum : leaves lanceolate-ovate ; scape cylindri-
cal, spiked.
HAB. In water. May. V-. Lcav. rad. large ; spa-
dix yellow.

156 HEXANDRIA.— MONOGYNIA.

251. ACORUS. Sweet-flag. Aroidece.

A. calamus : spadix protruding from the side of an
ensiform leaf.
HAB. Swamps. June. U. Root creep., arom.:
leav. rush-like ; spad. greenish.

252. JUNCUS. Rush. Juncece.

* Scapes naked ; flowers lateral.

J . J. ejfusus : scape minutely striate, (soft ;) paniclejloose,
very much branched, spreading ; leaflets of the
perianth lanceolate, acuminate, rather longer than
the obovate obtuse capsule.
IIAB. Low grounds. June. H • Scape 2 — 3ft high;
stam. 3 ; seeds attenuate.

2. J. setaceus : scape filiform, striate, umbel, lateral.

compound, few-flowered ; peduncles many-flow-
ered ; leaflets of the perianth subulate.
HAB. Swamps. H. Scape slend., 2 ft. high; pan.
small ; caps, acute.

3. J. acutus : scape naked, terete, panicle lateral ;

involucrum 2-leaved, spinous ; capsule nearly
round, mucronate, as long again as the perianth.
HAB. Sandy sea-coast. U . Stem in subdistich.fas-
cic, 2 — 3ft. high; seeds ang.

* Leaves all radical ; {flowers terminal.)

i. J. squarrosus : leaves setaceous, (rigid,) 'grooved ;
panicle terminal, elongated, compound ; capsules
elliptical.
HAB. New- York. +.

5. J. tenuis : stem erect, filiform, a little dichotomous

at the summit, nearly terete ; leaves setaceous,
canaliculate ; flowers solitary, approximate, sub-
sessile ; perianth longer than the obtuse capsule.
HAB. Wet or dry places. June — July. 11. Afoot
high, tenacious ; pan. subcorymb.

6. J. nodosus : stem somewhat leafy; leaves nodose-

articulate ; heads mostly 2, globose, one of thena
lateral and pedunculate, the other sessile ; leaflets

HEXANDRIA.— MONOGYNIA. 15;

of the perianth mucronate, shorter than the acu
minate capsule.
HAB. Wet places. July. H . Stem 8— -10 in. high :
heads 8—12/., 1 sess.

*** Stems leafy.
t Leaves nearly plane, grooved above.

7. J. marginatus: leaves flat, smooth; corymb term i

nal, simple, proliferous ; heads 5 — 10-flowered ;
flowers triandrous ; leaflets of the perianth about
as long as the obtuse capsule ; the exterior ones
and the bracts subaristate.
IIAB. Low grounds. Aug. U. Stem 12 — 18 in.
high ; leav. mostly rad.; stain. 3.

8. J. trijidus : sheaths ciliate ; those at the base of the

stem leafless ; bracts foliaceous, very long, grooved ;
heads about 3-flowered, terminal, stem 1 -leaved.
HAB. High mountains. Aug. U . Six in. high;
leaf nearly term., setae.

9. J. bulbosus : stem simple leafy, compressed ; leaves

linear-setaceous, canaliculate ; panicle terminal,
compound, subcymose, shorter than the involu-
crum ; leaflets of the perianth incurved, obtuse or
acute, generally shorter than the ovate, subglobose
cnpsule.
IIAB. Salt marshes. Aug.— Sept. U . A foot high,
wiry ; caps, dark brown.

10. J. bufonius : stem dichotomous above, paniculate;
leaves filiform, setaceous, canaliculate ; flowers
subsolitary, sessile, unilateral, leaves of the peri-
anth very acuminate, much longer than the ellipti
cal ovate capsule.

HAB. Wet places. June— Aug. 0. Stem 3-^6 in.
high ; sheaths membran.

\\ Leaves rounded or subenmpressed.

11. J. acuminata*: stem leafy, erect; leaves terou-.

nodose-articulate ; panicle terminal, compound .
heads 3 — G-flo\vered, pedunculate and sessile
O

1 58 HEXANDRIA.— MONOGYNIA.

leaflets of the perianth linear-lanceolate, suba-
ristate, shorter than the acute capsule.
HAB. Bogs. Aug. U . Stem 18 in. high, tenac. ;
cops, tiiquet.

12. J. polycephalus : stem leafy, erect; leaves com-

pressed, nodose-articulate ; panicle decompound ;
heads globose, many flowered ; flowers trian-
drous ; leaflets of the perianth subaristate, rather
shorter than the triquetrous acute capsule.
HAB. Bog*. Aug.— Sept. 4 . Stem 18 in.— 2ft. high,
subcotnpress. below; heads 12 — lo-Jl. stam. 3,
(rarely 6.)

13. J. subverticillatus : Cauline leaves subulate, nodose-

articulate ; panicle corymbose ; heads about 5-
flowered, fasciculate-verticillate ; leaflets of the
perianth striate, as long as the obtuse capsule.
I1AB. Bogs. July. 4 . Stem 8 — 12 in. long, slend. :
heads 3 — ojl.

253. LUZULA. Juncece.

1 . L. pilosa : leaves hairy ; panicle subcymose ; pe-

duncles 1 -flowered, reflexed ; leaflets of the peri-
anth acuminate, rather shorter than the obtuse
capsule.
HAB. Mountains. Apr. — May. U. Stem 6 in. high,
slend. ; pedic. capill.

2. L. campestris: leaves hairy; spikes sessile and

pedunculate ; leaflets of the perianth acuminate,
longer than the obtuse capsule.

HAB. Low grounds and woods. Apr. — May. Afoot
h igh ; sp ik . roun dish .
-). L. melanocarpa: culm leafy ; leaves sublanceolate,
smooth ; panicles capillary, loose ; flowers soli-
tary, distinctly pedicellate ; capsules black.

HAB. High Mountains. July. If. A foot high ; pe-
dicels solit. ; caps, oblong.
\. L. spicata : leaves narrow, hairy at the throat;
spike cernuous, compound ; leaflets of the peri-
anth acuminate-aristate, about as long as the round-
ish capsule.

HAB. High Mountains. Aug. If. Jl foot high ; spike-
lets bract, ferrug.

HEXANDRIA.— TRIG YNIA. 1 59

TRIGYNIA.

254. MELANTHIUM. Melanthacece.

1. M. virginicum : panicle pyramidal, petals oval.

somewhat hastate, flat ; flowers mostly perfect.
HAB. Wet Meadows. July- Aug. 4. . Stem 3 ft.
high ; pan. large, loose ;fl. polygamo-dioic, green-
ish zvh., at length brown.

2. M. dioicum : root a tunicated bulb ; leaves glau-

cous, gramineous, margined ; raceme mostly sim-
ple, few-flowered ; flowers perfect ; petals round-
ish, unguiculate, with two spots ; seeds subulately
winged.
HAB. Banks of Rivers. July— Aug. Afoot high, Jl.
whitish.

3. M. hybridum: panicle racemose, petals suborbicu-

lar, plaited, with long claws ; glands connate.
HAB. Pennsylvania. Stem 2 ft. high; leav. loiig-lin.
Jl. not changing.

255. VERATRUM. Green and White Hellebore.
Melanthacece.

V. viride : racemes paniculate ; bracts of the bran-
ches oblong-lanceolate ; partial ones longer than
the subpubescent peduncles ; leaves broad-ovate,
plicate.

IIAB. Swamps. June — July. Root large ; stem3 — i
ft. high ; Jl. green.

25G. HELONIAS. Melanthacece.

1 . H. latifolia : scape leafless ; spike ovate, crowded ;

bracts linear-lanceolate, leaves lanceolate, mucro-

nate, nerved.

HAB. Swamps. May. Fl. pale purp. ; anth. blue.

_'. H. erythrosperma : scape leafy ; leaves linear, very

long ; raceme oblong ; bracts short ; capsule

shortened, with divaricate horns ; seeds ovate.

red.

HAB. Shady river banks and mountains. June. U .

1G0 HEXANDRIA.— TRIGYNIA.

Root bulb. ; stem 2 ft. high.fl. wh. ; seeds with a

scarlet coat.
\. II. angustifolia : scape leafy ; leaves very long and

narrow ; raceme oblong, lat. ; capsule oblong ;

seeds linear.
HAB. New- York. Rootfibr. ; stem 2ft. high; racem.

simp. ; Jl. wh.
1. H. dioica: scape leafy ; racemes dioicous, spiked,

cernuous ; pedicels very short, without bracts ;

petals linear ; stamens exserted ; leaves lanceo-
late.
IIAB. Wet meadows. June. Root prcemorse, stem

1—2/*. high ; Jl. white.

257. XEROPHYLLUM. Melanthacece .

X. setifolium : raceme oblong, crowded ; bracts se-
taceous ; filaments dilated at the base, as long as
the corolla ; leaves subulate setaceous.

HAB. Pine barrens. June. U . Root subbulb. ; rad.
leav. long, cespit. ; Jl. white.

258. TOF1ELDIA. Melanthacece.

T. pubens: flowers on a scape, rachis and pedicels
scabrous ; spike oblong, interrupted ; capsules
subglobose, scarcely longer than the calyx.

HAB. Delaware. U . Leav. narrow-ensif, subradic. :
scape 18 in. high ; spike gr. wh.

259. SCHEUCHZERIA. Juncaginece.

S. palustris.

HAB. Swamps. V-. July. Root horiz. stem 8—12

in. high ; leav. lin. ; racem. 5 — 7 jl. ; Jl. pedun-

cul. gr. yell. ; caps, large.

iGO. TRIGLOCHIN. Arrow-grass. Juncaginea.

1. T. maritimum: fruit ovate-oblong, of G united
capsules.
HAB. Salt marshes and about salt springs. July-

HEXANDRIA.— TRIGYNIA. 161

Aug. V>. Leav. rad., narrow, rush like ; spike very
long.
2. T. palustre : flowers triandrous ; fruit of 3 united
capsules, nearly linear, attenuate at the base.
HAB. Marshes. July. U. Leav. very narrow ; scape
slend. ; 12 in, high.

261. GYROMIA. Indian Cucumber. Asparagece.

G. virginica.

HAB. Moist woods. May — June. 1/. Root tub., stem
simp. ; leav. verticill. ; jl. yell.

262. TRILLIUM. American Herb Paris. Asparageui.

1. T. sessile: flower sessile, erect ; petals lanceolate,
twice as long as the calyx ; leaves sessile, broad
oval, acute.
HAB. Shady rocks. U. Root praimorse, and Jib. ; Jl.
and her. purp.
1. T. erylhrocarpum: peduncles somewhat erect ; pe-
tals oval-lanceolate, acute, recurved, nearly as
long again as the narrow calyx ; leaves ovate,
acuminate, rounded at the base ; abruptly con-
tracted into a short petiole.
HAB. Sphagnous swamps. May. U. Stem 8 in. high ;
Jl. zvh. with purp. veins.
i. T. pusillum : peduncle erect; petals scarcely
longer than the calyx ; leaves oval oblong, obtuse,
sessile.
HAB. Pennsylvania. Plant small ; pet. pale Jlesh
col.
1. T. cernuum : peduncle recurved; petals lanceo-
late, acuminate, flat, recurved, of the length and
breadth of the calyx ; leaves dilated-rhomboid,
abruptly acuminate, on short petioles.
HAB. Shady woods. May. U. Stem 12—18 in.

high ; Jl. wh. ; ber. large, purp.
T. treclum : peduncle inclined; flower nodding;
petals ovate, acuminate, flat, spreading, broader
and a little longer than the calyx ; leaves broad-
rhomboid, acuminate, sessile.
0*

62 HEXANDRIA.— TRIGYNIA.

HAB. Rich soil, among rocks. May. %. Aft. high
fl. large, dark purp.

&. album : flowers smaller, petals white.
•>. T. pendulum: peduncle inclined; flower pendu-
lous ; petals ovate, shortly acuminate, flat, spread-
ing, nearly equal to the ovate acuminate calyx :
leaves roundish-rhomboid ; acuminate subsessile.

HAB. Mountains. May. U. A foot high; leav. acute
at base ; fl. wh. veined.
7. T. grandiflorum : peduncle inclined ; flower some
what erect ; petals spathulate-lanceolate, conni-
vent at the base, much longer than the calyx ;
leaves broadly rhomboid-ovate.

HAB. Rocky woods. U . May. Stem. 8— 10 m. high ;
leav. sess ; fl. large, wh.

263. RUMEX. Dock. Polygonecs.

•■ Flowers all perfect ; valves graniferous. lapathum.

t Valves entire.

R. aquaticus : valves ovate, entire, all of them
graniferous ; leaves lanceolate, all of them cordate
at the base.

HAB. Wet places. June. Root large, astrin. ; stem
3 — 4 ft. high; grains linear. §?
2. R. crispus : valves very large, cordate, entire, re-
ticulate, graniferous ; leaves lanceolate, undulate,
acute.

HAB. Meadows. June. Root yell. ; stem 2—3/'.
high ; grains unequal, §.
;. R. sanguineus: valves oblong, small, one of them
graniferous ; leaves lanceolate, subcordate.

HAB. Fields. June. Stem 2— 3ft. high ; leav. mostly
varieg. with red, §.

4. R. Britannica : valves all entire and graniferous ;

whorls of flowers leafless ; leaves broad-lanceo-
late, flat, smooth ; sheaths obsolete.
HAB. Wet places. June. Root large, dark ext.,yell.
int. ; stem 2—3 ft. high.

5. R. verticillatus : valves entire, all of them granift-

HEXANDRIA.— TRIGYNIA. 163

rous ; racemes leafless ; leaves lanceolate ; sheaths
cylindrical.
HAB. Wet places. June. Root large; stem 2 ft.
high ; fl. semiverticil.

t | Valves toothed.

u. R. acutus : valves oblong, somewhat toothed, all of
them graniferous ; leaves cordate-oblong, acumi-
nate, whorls leafy.
HAB. Waste places. May. Stem 2— 3ft. high ; low-
er leav. large, §. \

7. R. obtusifolius : valves dentate, one of them con-

spicuously graniferous ; radical leaves ovate-cor-
date, obtuse ; stem somewhat scabrous.
HAB. Woods and fields. June — July. Root brown
ext., yell, int.; rad. leav. very large, §.

* * Flowers dicecious ; valves grainless. acetosa.

8. R. Acelosella: leaves lanceolate-hastate, with the

lobes spreading or recurved.
HAB. Fields. May— July. Stem 4—12 in. high;
plant acid. §. Pist. Fl. rare.

TETRAGYNIA.

261. SAURURUS. Lizard's-tail. Najades?
6. cemuus.
IJAB. In water. July— Aug. y.. Stem 1 8 in.— 2ft.

high ; leav. alt., petiol. cordate, spike 3 — 6 in. long,

while, cal. tub.

POLYGYRIA.

265. ALISMA. Water-Plantain. Alismacev.

\. Plantago : leaves ovate-cordate, acute or obtuse,

9-ncrved ; flowers in a compound verticillate pant

cle : "fruit obtusely triangular.
HAB. In water. July — Aug. If. Leav. rad. 9

nerv. : petiol. ; pan. large ; fl. wh.
3. parviflora : leaves oval, 5 — 7-nerved, acuminata

flowers very small.

16 1 HEPTANDRIA.— MONOGYNIA.

HEPTANDRIA.

MONOGYNIA.

206. TRIENTALIS. Cal. 7-leaved. Cor. 7-parted,
equal, flat. Berry dry, 1-celled, many-seeded.

267. iESCULUS. Cal. 1-leaved, 4— 5-toothed, ven-

tricose. Cor. 4 — 5-petalled. Pet. unequal, pu-
bescent, inserted upon the calyx. Caps. 3-
cellecl. Seeds large, solitary.

MONOGYNIA.

266. TRIENTALIS. Chick-weed winter-green.
Primulaceai.

T. americana : leaves narrow-lanceolate, acuminate,

serrulate ; petals acuminate.*
IIAB. Woods and swamps. U . May — June. Leav.

nhorled ; fl. sol., rvh.

067. yESCULUS. Horse-chesnut. Aceracece.

JEt. glabra: leaves quinate, very smooth, corolla 4-
petalled, spreading, with the claws as long as the
calyx ; stamens longer than the corolla ; fruit spi-
nous.

IIAB. Woods. May. Tj. A large shrub ; fl. large,
yel. uh.,panicul.

OCTANDRIA.
MONOGYNIA.

* Flowers superior.

268. RI1EXIA. Cal. urceolate, 4— 5-cleft. Pet. 4.

inserted upon the calyx. Anth. incumbent, at-
tached to the filaments behind, naked at the
base. Caps, setigerous, 4-celled, free in the ven-

* These characters, pointed out by Dr. Bigelow, I am now satis-
fied, will distinguish the N. American Trientalis from the European.

OCTANDRIA.— MONOGYNIA. 165

tricose calyx. Recept. lunulate, pedicellate.
Seeds numerous.

269. (ENOTHERA. Cal. tubular, 4-cleft; segments

deflexed, deciduous. Pet. 4. Stig. 4-cleft.
Caps. 4-celled, 4-valved. Seeds naked, affixed
to a central, 4-sided receptacle.

270. GAURA. Cal. 4-cleft, tubular. Cor. 4-petalled,

ascending. Nut quadrangular 1 -seeded.

271. EPILOB1UM. Cal 4-cleft, tubular. Cor. 4-petal-

led. Caps, oblong, inferior. Seeds comose.

272. OXYCOCCUS. Cal. superior, 4-toothed. Cor.

4-parted; segments sublinear, revolute. Filam.
connivent ; Anth. tubular, 2-parted. Berry
many-seeded.

** Flowers inferior.

J73. MENZIESIA. Cal. 1-leaved. Cor. monopeta-
lous, ovate. Filam. inserted into the receptacle ;
anth. awnless. Caps, superior, 4-celled ; dis-
sepiments formed by the inflexed margins of the
valves. Seeds numerous, oblong.

274. ACER. Flowers mostly polygamous. Cal. 5-

cleft. Pet. 5 or 0. Samaras 2, winged, united at
the base, by abortion 1- seeded.

275. DIRCA. Cal. 0. Cor. tubular ; border obsolete.

Stam. unequal, exserted. Berry 1-seeded.
27G. JEFFERSONIA. Cal. 4— 5-leaved. Cor. 8-pe-
talled. Caps, obovate, substipitate 1-celled,
opening below the summit by a semicircular
foramen. Seeds numerous, arillate at the base,

TRIGYNIA.

J77. POLYGONUM. Perianth 5-parted, petaloid, in
ferior. Nut 1-seeded, mostly angular.

MONOGYNIA.

18, R1JEXIA. Melaslomacece.

I. It. virginica: stem with winged angles, somewhat
hairy ; leaves sessile, ovate-lanceolate, serrate

166 OCTANDRIA.— MONOGYNIA.

ciliate, sprinkled with appressed hairs on both
sides.
HAB. Wet meadows. July — Aug. U • Stem quad.
I ft. high ; JI. large , pur p.

2. R. mariana : very hairy ; leaves lanceolate-acute

at each end, 3-nerved, subpetiolate ; calyx tubular,
nearly smooth.
HAB. Bogs and wet woods. Aug. U. A foot high:
stem subterete ; Ji. purp.

3. R. ciliosa : stem subquadrangular, smooth ; leave?

subpetiolate, oval, smooth beneath, slightly hispid
above ; margin serrulate-ciliate ; flowers invo-
lucrate.
HAB. Delaware. A foot high, slend. ; leav. small :
JI, purp. ; pet. roundish.

269. OENOTHERA. Night willow-herb. Onagrario'.
* Capsule elongated, sessile.

1. (E. biennis: stem villous and scabrous; leaves

ovate-lanceolate, flat, dentate ; flowers somewhat
spiked, sessile : stamens shorter than the corolla.
HAB. Fields. June— Oct. ;?. Stem 3—5 ft.
high; leav. alt. ;fl. racewi., yellow.

2. CE. muricata : stem purplish, muricate ; leaves lan-

ceolate, flat ; stamens longer than the corolla.
HAB. Fields. Fl. smaller.

3. CE. parviflora: stem smooth, subvillous ; leaves

ovate-lanceolate, flat ; stamens longer than the co-
rolla.
HAB. Fields and woods. £. -f-.

4. CE. grandiflora : stem nearly smooth, branched:

leaves ovate-lanceolate, smooth ; stamens decli-
nate.
HAB. Fields. July— Aug. £. Stem 3— 5 ft. high,
terete ; JI. large, yellow.

5. CE. sinuata : stem diffused, pubescent ; leaves oval-

oblong, sinuate-dentate; flowers axillary, villous";
capsule prismatic.
0. minima: stem humble, simple, 1 -flowered ;
leaves entire.

OCTANDRIA.— MONOGYNIA. 167

HAB. Sandy fields. 0. 1—3 in. high, 1—2/. small,
sess. ; caps. lin.

** Capsule ventricose, angular, mostly pedicellate.

6. (E. fruticosa : somewhat villous ; leaves linear-lan-

ceolate, subdentate, acute ; petals broad-obcordate ;
capsules oblong-clavate, pedicellate, quadrangular ;
raceme naked below.

HAB. Hills and woods. June. 0. Stem 12 — 18 in.
high, purp. ; leav. punc.

■3. ambigua : more or less pilose; stem simple;
leaves lanceolate or ovate-lanceolate, acute, sub-
denticulate ; petals obcordate, longer than broad ;
points of the calyx very short ; capsules subsessile,
always smooth, oblong and 4-winged ; raceme na-
ked below.

HAB. Hills and dry woods. July. Leaves 2J- in.
long.

7. (E. incana : stem slender, erect ; leaves flat, hoary

and tomentose, very entire, elliptic-ovate, acute ;
raceme few-flowered, naked ; capsules subsessile,
oblong and quadrangular.
HAB. Dry Woods. Stem 6—8 in. high; fl. bright
yellow. -{-•

8. (E. pumila : smooth ; stem ascending ; leaves lan-

ceolate, very entire, obtuse ; capsule subsessile,
elliptical-obovate, angular.
IIAB. Dry fields. June. U • A span high: fi. small ;
pet. obcordate.

9. CE. chrysantha: stem slender, pubescent; leaves

lanceolate, rather obtuse, flat, entire ; segments
of the calyx as long again as the tube ; capsule
clavate, sessile, acutely angular.
IIAB. Mountains. Afoot high;Jl. small, bright
yellow.

10. CE. pusilla : subpubescent ; stem nearly simple;

leaves lanceolate-oblong, somewhat obtuse, en-
tire ; flowers axillary at the summit ; capsule
sessile, clavate-turbinate, almost equally 8-angled.
IIAB. Mountains. Stem \ — 6 in. high, erect.

168 OCTANDRIA.— MONOGYNIA.

270. GAURA. Onagrarioe.

G. biennis : leaves lanceolate, dentate ; spikes crowd-
ed ; fruit roundish, subquadrangular, pubescent.

HAB. Banks of rivers. Aug. $. Stem 1£— ft ft.
high, hairy ; Ji. num. rose-col.

271. EPILOBIUM. Willow-herb. Onagrarice.

1. E. spicatum: leaves scattered, veined, smooth:

flowers subspicate ; stamens declinate.
HAB. Swamps. Aug. % . Stem 3— 5 ft. high, terete ;
cal. col. ; ji. large purp.

2. E. coloratum : stem terete, pubescent ; leaves lan-

ceolate, serrulate, petiolate,opposite, smooth, with
coloured veins ; the upper ones alternate.
HAB. Wet places. July— Aug. U. &m 3-4/t.
high; upper bran, subquadran. ; ji. axill. purp. :
caps. 2 — 3 in. long.

3. E. rosmarinifoliurn : stem terete, pubescent, bran-

ching above ; leaves linear, Very entire ; those
on the stem opposite ; on the branches alternate ;
flowers pedunculate ; petals bifid ; stigma entire.

HAB. Swamps. Aug. U . Root bulb, and scaly ; ji.
very small, pale purp.
\. E. molle: densely and softly pubescent ; stem te-
rete ; leaves oblong linear, sessile, very entire ;
the lower ones opposite ; upper ones alternate ;
flowers pedicellate, subterminal, regular ; petals
2-lobed ; stigma entire.

HAB. Wet grounds. Aug. U . Stem 18 in. high,
^branch, above; silky pubes. ; jl. small, pale purp.

272. OXYCOCCUS. Cranberry. Vaccinev.

]. O. macrocarpus : creeping; branches ascending;
leaves oblong, nearly flat, obtuse, with distant
obsolete serratures, glaucous beneath ; pedicels
elongated ; segments of the corolla jincar-lanco-
• •Iate.

eCTANDRIA.— MONOGYNIA. i«y

HAB. Sphagnous swamps. June. 1J. . Stejn long.
Jilif. ; fl. red ; ber. scarl.

O. vulgaris ; leaves ovate, entire, revolute ; seg-
ments of the corolla oval ; stem filiform, creeping,
naked.

HAB. Mountain bogs. U . -f.

273. MENZIESIA. Ericece.

M. cozrulea : leaves scattered, crowded, lineal,
toothed ; pedicels terminal, aggregate, 1 -flowered :
flowers campanulate, decandrous, 1-flowered, ca
lyx very acute.

HAB. High mountains. July. V Evergreen, branch,
fl. large, pur p.

M. globularis: leaves lanceolate, glaucous beneath,
except the nerves, pubescent ; calyx 4-cleft ; flow-
ers globose, octandrous.

HAB. Mountains. June. Tj. Stem 4 in. high ; fl
yell, brown.

274. ACER. Maple. Aceracece.

A. rubrum: leaves palmately about 5-lobed, cordate
at the base, unequally and incisely toothed, glau-
cous beneath ; the sinuses acute ; flowers aggregated
in about fives, on rather long pedicels ; germens
glabrous.

HAB. Woods. April. A large tree ; precocious ; fl.
red ; slam. 5 — 6.

A. dasycarpon : leaves palmately 5-lobed ; truncate
at the base, incisely toothed, smooth and whitish
beneath ; sinuses obtuse ; pedicels short ; germens
tomentose.

HAB. Banks of rivers. April. A large tree; fl. gr.
yel. : pet. ; fruit large.

A. barbatum : leaves ovate-cordate, with 3 short
lobes, unequally serrate, glaucous beneath, and pu-
bescent on the nerves ; peduncles hairy ; those of
the staminiferous flower* branched : of the pistil
liferous simple ; wings of the samara?, erect.

HAB. Cedar swamps. A small tree ; leav. small : fl
vale green, -f-.

P

170 OCTANDRIA.— MONOGYNIA.

4. A. saccharinum : leaves palmately 5-lobed, subcor-

date at the base, acuminate, glaucous beneath ; pe-
duncles corymbose, nodding.
HAB. Woods. April. A large tree ; fl. yellowish on
Jilif. fed. ; wings narrow.

5. A. nigrum: leaves palmately 5-lobed, cordate, with

the sinus closed ; lobes divaricate, sinuate-subden-
tate, pubescent beneath ; flowers corymbed ; sama-
ras turgid, subglobose.

HAB. Mountainous regions. April. A large tree ;Jl.
yellowish on Jilif. ped., apet.
(?. A. pennsylvanicum : leaves with 3 acuminate lobes,
rounded at the base, acutely dentate, smooth ; ra-
ceme simple, pendulous.

HAB. Mountains. May. Shrub ten ft. high; bark
striped; fl. gr. yel., large.

7. A. montanum: leaves somewhat 5-lobed, acute, den-

tate, pubescent beneath ; racemes compound,
erect.
HAB. Mountains. May. Shrub 6— 10ft. high ; leav.
small ; fl. greenish.

t Flowers diozcious. Calyx minute , b-toothed. Petals 0.
stamens 5 ; anthers linear, sessile, acuminate. Sa-
maras as in Acer. — Negundium.

8. A. Negundo : leaves pinnate and ternate, unequally

serrate.
HAB. River banks. April. A large tree : leaflets
5 — 7 ,- racem. pend.

275. DIRCA. Leather-wood. Thymelece. ,

D. palustris :

HAB. Woods. April. Shrub 2 ft. high, with tough
bran. ; fl. and bark yellow.

276. JEFFERSONIA. Podophyllacece.

J. diphylla.

HAB. Fertile woods. V-- Leaf binate,peiiol.; scape

\ft. high,fl. sol. term., large, white; caps, large.

coriac.

OCTANDRIA.— TRIGYNIA. 171

TRIGYNIA.

277, POLYGONUM. Persicaria, &c. Polygon**.
* Flowers axillary.

1. P. aviculare : stamens 8, styles 3, leaves lanceolate,

scabrous on the margin ; nerves of the stipules dis-
tant ; stem procumbent, herbaceous.
HAB. Fields, &c. May— Oct. 0. Much bran. ;
Jl. very small, wh. or reddish : seed striate.

2. P. glaucum: flowers octandrous ; styles 3; leaves

lanceolate, thick and glaucous, revolute on the
margin ; stipules lacerate ; pedicels exserted ; stem
diffuse, procumbent ; seed acutely angular, smooth
and shining.
HAB. Sandy sea-shore. Aug. © ? Stem long, sub-
lig. ; Jl. larger than No. 1, rose-col.

3. P. tenue: stem slender, erect, branched, acutely

angular ; flowers alternate, subsolitary ; leaves
linear, acuminate, straight ; stipules tubular, lace-
rate, with the segments finely attenuate at the ex-
tremity.
HAB. Rocks and sandy fields. July — Sept. 0.
Stem 6 — 10 in. high; ang. scab.

** Flowers spiked.

f. Spike solitary, terminal; stamens ; stigmas 3, nut tri-
angular. BlSTORTA..

4. P. viviparum : stem simple ; spike linear,- solitary :
leaves linear-lanceolate, revolute on the margin ;
the lower ones elliptical, petiolate.
HAB. High mountains. Aug. U. Stem 6 — 8 in.
high; slip, tub., smooth ; Jl. red.

\] Spikes axillary or terminal; stamens 5 — 8; stigmas
mostly 2 ; nut ovate. Peksicari \.

'). P. punctatum: flowers octandrous", glandular-punc-
tate ; styles 3-parted ; stipules slightly hairy, cili-
ate ; spike filiform, at first cernueus ; leaves lan-
ceolate, with pellucid punctures, scabrous on the
margin and ruulrib.

172 OCTANDRIA.— TRIGYNIA.

HAB. Wet places. Aug.— Oct. U . Stem lift,
high ; ft. wh. — plant acrid.

6. P. mite : flowers octnndrous, somewhat crowded :

styles 3-parted ; leaves narrow-lanceolate, some-
what hairy ; stipules hairy, with long ciliae.
HAB. Wet places. Aug.— Sept. U . Stem 18 in,
high, ft. pale red or white ; plant not acrid.

7. P. virginianum : flowers 4-cleft, unequal, remote,

pentandrous ; styles 2 ; spike very long, virgate ;
leaves oval-lanceolate.
HAB. Moist shady places. Aug. — Sept. If. Stem
2 — 4 ft. high, ft white ; fr. birost.

8. P. amphibium : flowers pentandrous ; styles bifid ;

spike oblong or ovate ; leaves petiolate, oblong or

lanceolate, subcordate.
x. terrestre : stem nearly erect ; leaves oblong-lan-
ceolate, often cordate at the base, smooth above,

slightly pubescent beneath ; spike ovate-oblong.
HAB. Borders of ponds. Aug. lj. . Stemassurg..

8 in. high ; spike bright rose-col.
a. aquaticum : leaves floating, ovate-lanceolate :

spike cylindrical-oblong.
HAB. Floating in lakes. Aug. U. Stem 3—10

ft. long r branch. ; ft. rose-col.
). P. pennsyhanicum : flowers octandrotts ; style 2-

cleft ; spike oblong, crowded ; peduncles hispid ;

leaves lanceolate, slightly hairy ; stipules smooth

and naked.
HAB. Fields, and along ditches. July — Oct.

Stem 2 — 4 ft. high ; feav. pale gr. ; ft. red.

10. P. lapathifolium : flowers hexandrous ; styles 2;
spikes oblong, rather crowded, erect ; peduncles-
scabrous ; leaves ovate -lanceolate, on short pe-
tioles, hoary.

HAB. Wet places. Aug. ©. Stem 2— 4 ft. high,
leav. pale green.

11. P. Persicaria : flowers hexandrous : styles bifid:
spikes ovate-oblong, erect ; peduncles smooth :
leaves lanceolate ; stipules smooth, ciliate.

HAB. Low grounds. July — Aug. 0. Stem 1 — 2
ft. high ; spikes dense, rose-col.

OCTANDRIA.— TRIGYNIA. 173

12. P. orientate : flowers heptandrous, digynous, leaves

ovate ; stem erect ; stipules hairy, hypocrateri-
form.
HAB. Road sides, &c. Aug.— Sept. 0. Stem 3—
5 ft. high, pubes. ; spik. subpend, rad.

*** Flowers in paniculate spikes ; perianth 5-leaved.

PoLYGONELLA.

13. P. articulatum: flowers perfect, octandrous, trigy-

nous, nodding ; spikes paniculate, filiform ; pedi-
cels solitary, articulate near the base ; bracts im-
bricate ; leaves linear ; nut triquetrous.
HAB. Barren sandy woods. Sept. ©. A foot
high, branched ; bracts trunc. ; fl. rose-col.

*.#** Flowers in racemose panicles ; {leaves subcordate
or sagittate.) Fagofyrum.

14. P. Convolvulus : flowers octandrous ; styles 3-cleft »

leaves oblong, hastate-cordate ; stem climbing,
angular, somewhat scabrous ; segments of the pe-
rianth obtusely carinate.
HAB. Sandy fields, &c. July— Sept. ©. Leav.
pctiol. ; raceme interrupt. ; fl. reddish.

15. P. cilinode : flowers octandrous ; styles 3-cleft ;

leaves cordate ; stipules rather acute, ciliate at the
base ; stem angular, climbing or prostrate, pubes-
cent ; segments of the perianth obtusely carinate.
HAB. Hills. Aug. 0. Plant minutely pubes. :
leav. subhast. ; fl. pale rose-col.

16. P. scandens: flowers octandrous, trigynous ; leaves

broadly cordate ; stipules truncate, naked ; stem
climbing, smooth ; segments of the perianth
winged.
11 AB. Hedges, &c. Aug. ©. Stem 4 — 5 ang. :
pur p. ; fl. large, aggreg. wh. or rose-col.
k7. P. sagittalum: flowers octandrous, capitate ; style*
3-cleft ; leaves sagittate, stem retrorsely aculeate.
HAB. Wet thickets. July— Aug. 0. Stemslend..
prost. ; fl. in sm. heads, white.
18. P. arifolium : flowers hexandrous, distinct ; styles
bifid ; spikes few-flowered, leaves hastate ; stem
retrorsely aculeate.

P2

74 ENNEANDRIA.— MONOGYNIA.

HAB. Wet thickets. July— Sept. ©. Stem
slend., prost. t remotely acul. ; fl. rose-col.

ENNEANDRIA.

MONOGYNIA.

878". LAURUS. Cal. mostly 6-parted, petaloid. Ned.
consisting of 3 bisetose glands surrounding the
germen. Stam. 12 ; 6 of them interior, 3 of
which are sterile and glanduliferous.

MONOGYNIA.

LAURUS. Sassafras, &c. Laurinea*.

\. L. carolinensis : leaves perennial, oval-lanceolate,
coriaceous, glaucous beneath ; peduncle simple,
terminated by a fascicle of few flowers ; exterior
segments half as long as the interior.
HAB. Swamps of Cupressus disticha. — A small tree ;
leav. ent. ; fl. dust., yellow.

* Euosmus.

Flowers polygamous or dioecious. Cal. 6-parted.
JVect. 0. Stam. 9, fertile ; 6 exterior naked ; the 8
interior augmented by 6 infertile ones attached b) r
pairs ; anth. of the sterile stam. glanduloid. Berry
1-seeded. (Leaves deciduous.)

■I. L. Benzoin : flowers in conglomerate umbels, dioe-
cious ; buds and pedicels smooth ; segments oune-
ate-oboval, entire, whitish and subpubescent be-
neath.
HAB. Shady wet places. April. An arom. shrub
4 — lOft. high,fl. yellow ; berry scarl.

3. L. Sassafras; flowers in conglomerate corymbs.

dioecious ; buds, younger branches, and under sur-

. face of the leaves pubescent ; leaves entire, or 2 —

3-lobed ; under surface prominently veined.

HAB. Woods. April. A middle sized tree : fi. gr.

yellow ; her. bine, on red ped.

DECANDRJA.— MONOGYNIA. H5

DECANDRIA.

MONOGYNIA.

* Flowers monopetalous.

279. ARBUTUS. Cal. minute, 5-parted. Cor. ovate,

diaphanous at the base ; border small, 5-cleft :
revolute. Filam. hairy. Berry superior, 5-
celled.

280. GAULTHERIA. Cal. 5-cleft, with 2 bracts at the

base. Cor. ovate ; border small, 5-cleft, revo-'
lute. Filam. hairy. Recept. 10-toothed. Caps.
superior, 5-celled, covered by the calyx, which
becomes a berry.
28*. VACC1NIUM. Cal. superior, 4— 5-toothed. Cor.
urceolate or campanulate, 4 — 5-cleft. Filam.
inserted upon the germen. Berry 4 — 5-celled e
many-seeded.

282. ANDROMEDA. Cal. 5-parted. Cor. ovate, or

subcylindrical ; border 5-cleft, reflexed. Anth.
2-horned. Caps. 5-celled, 5-valved ; dissepi-
ments from the middle of the valves.

283. KALMIA. Cal. 5-parted. Cor. hypocrateriform ;

border on the under side, producing 10 cornute
protuberances, in which the anthers are con-
cealed. Caps. 5-celled, many-seeded ; dissepi-
ments marginal.

*8<J. RHODODENDRON. Cal. 5-parted. Cor. sub -
infundibuliform, 5-cleft. Stam. 5 — 10, decli-
nate ; anth. opening by 2 terminal pores. Caps.
5-celled, 5-valved, opening at the summit.

285. RHODORA. Cal. 5-toothed. Cor. 3-petalled :
petals unequal, slightly united at the base •
the upper one thrice broader, and 3-lobed.
Stam. and style declinate. Caps. 5-celled, 5-
valved, opening at the top ; dissepiments formed
of the inflexed margins of the valves.

!86. EPIGjEA. Cal. 5-parted, with 3 bracts at the
base. Cor. hypocrateriform ; border 5-parted,
spreading; tube villous within. Caps. 5-celled
tceptarle 5-parted,

17G DECANDRIA.— MONOGYNIA.

287. PTEROSPORA. Cal. 5- parted. Cor. monopeta-

lous, ovate, margin 5-tootherl, reflexed. Anth.
excentrically peltate, 1 -celled, bisetose. Caps.
5-celled, imperfectly 5-valved ; dissepiments
from the middle of the valves ; septa and valves
uniting toward the base, and coalescing with the
receptacular axis Seeds very minute and nu-
merous, each furnished with a terminal wing.

** Flowers polypetalous, regular.

288. MONOTROPA. Cat. 3— 5-parted, or 0. Cor.

5-petalled, cucullate at the base. Anth. 1-celled^
bilabiate. Caps. 5-celled, 5-valved. Seeds nu-
merous, invested with a long arillus.

289. PYROLA. CaL small, 5-cleft. Pet. slightly uni-

ted at the base, deciduous. Stam. opening with
2 pores. Caps. 5-celled, 5-valved. Seeds in-
vested with a long arillus.
£90. LEDUM. CaL minute, 5-toothed. Cor. 5-petal-
led, spreading. Stam. ex*erted ; antli. opening
by 2 terminal pores. Caps, subovate, 5-celled,
5-valved, opening at the base ; valves with the
margins inflexed and approximate ; recept. 5-
lobed ; colum. 5-angled, pedicellate. Seeds nu-
merous, flat, linear, scabrous, with a membra-
naceous wing at each extremity.

291. LEIOPHYLLUM. Cal. deeply 5-parted, persist-

ent. Cor. 5-petalled. Stam. longer than the
corolla; anth. lateral, opening on the inside
longitudinally. Caps, roundish, 5-celled, 5-
valved, opening at the top ; valves ovate, with
the margins inflexed, remote and straight ; co-
lum. subovate, terete, rugose. Seeds small,
smooth, not winged.

292. CLETHRA. Cal. 5-parted, persistent. Cor. 5-

petalled. Style persistent ; stig. short, 3-cleft.
Caps. 3-celled, 3-valved, covered by the calyx,

*** Flowers polypetalous, irregular.

293. CASSIA. Cal. 5-leaved. Pet. 5, subequal. Stam.

unequal; 3 superior anth. sterile; 3 inferior
rostrate, with longer and incurved filaments.
Legume membranaceous, 2-valved.

DECANDRIA.— TRIGYNIA. 177

i94. BAPTISIA. Cal. half 4— 5-cleft, bilabiate. Car.
papilionaceous ; pet. nearly equal in length ;
vexill. with the sides reflexed. Stam. deciduous.
Legume ventricose, pedicellate, many-seeded.

295. CERC1S. Cat. 5-toothed, gibbous at the base.

Cor. papilionaceous ; wings larger than the vex-
ill. ; keel 2-petalled. Legume compressed, se-
miniferous suture margined.

DIGYN1A.

296. HYDRANGEA. Oil. superior, 5-toothed, Pet,

5. Caps. 2-beaked, opening by a foramen be-
tween the horns.

297. SAXIFRAGA. Cal. 5-parted. Pet. 5. Caps.

superior or inferior, or half inferior, 2-beaked,
2-celled, many-seeded, opening between the
beaks

298. CHRYSOSPLENIUM. Cal. superior, 4— 5-cleft,

coloured. Cor. 0. Caps. 2-beaked, many-
seeded.

299. TIARELLA. Cal. 5-parted, persistent. Pet. 5,

inserted into the calyx, unguiculate. Caps. 1-
celled, 2-valved ; valves unequal.

300. MITELLA. Cal. 5-cleft, persistent. Pet. 5, pin-

natifid ; inserted into the calyx. r aps. 1 -celled,
2-valved ; valves equal.

301. SAPONAR1A. Cal. 1-leaved, tubular, 5-toothed,

naked at the base. Pet. 5, unguiculate. Caps.
oblong, 1 -celled.

302. DIANTHUS. Cal. 1-leaved, tubular, 5-toothed,

with about 4 imbricate opposite scales at the
base. Pet. unguiculate. Caps, cylindric, 1-
celled.

303. SCLERANTHUS. Cal. 1 -leaved, 5-cleft. Cor.

0. Stam. inserted into the calyx. Caps. 1-seeded,
covered by the calyx-

TRIGYNIA.

304. CUCUBALUS. Cal. 1-leaved, inOated, 5-toothed.

Pet. 5, unguiculate, naked at the orifice. Caps.
3-celled.

178 DECANDRIA— MONOGYNIA.

305. SILENE. Cal. 1 -leaved, tubular or conic, 5-tooth-

ed. Pet. 5, unguiculate, mostly crowned at the
orifice. Caps. 3-celled, 6-toothed, many-seeded.

306. STELLARIA. Cal. 5-leaved. Pet. 5, deeply cleft.

Caps. 1 -celled, opening with 6 teeth, many-
seeded.

307. ARENARIA. Cal. 5-leaved. Pet. 5, undivided.

Caps. 1 -celled, many-seeded.

PENTAGYNIA.

308. SPERGULA. Cal. 5-leaved. Pet. 5, undivided.

Caps, ovate, 5-celled, 5-valved.

309. CERAST1UM. Cat. 5-leaved. Pet. 5, bifid or

emarginate. Caps. 1 -celled, bursting at the sum-
mit with 10 teeth.

310. AGROSTEMMA. Cat. 1 -leaved, tubular, coriace-

ous, 5-cleft. Pet. 5, unguiculate ; limb obtuse,
undivided. Caps. 1 -celled, opening with 5 teeth.

311. OXAL1S. Cal. 5-parted, persistent. Pet. 5, slight-

ly connected at the flaws. Caps, pentangular, 5-
celled, bursting at the angles ; cells 2, or many-
seeded. Seeds covered with an elastic arillus.

312. PENTHORUM. Cal. 5— 10-cleft. Pet. 5 or 0.

Caps. 5-pointed, 5-celled ; cells dividing trans-
versely, many -seeded.

313. SEDUM. Cal. 5-cleft. Pet. 5. Caps. 5, with a

nectariferous scale at the base of each.

DECAGYNIA.

314. PHYTOLACCA. Cal. 5-cleft, petaloid. Berry

superior, 10-celled, 10-seeded.

MONOGYNIA.

279. ARBUTUS. Bear-berry. Ericece.

A. Uvaursi: stem procumbpnt ; leaves cuneate-ob-
ovate, very entire, cori.iceous ; margin convex ;
flowers fasciculate ; berries 5-seeded.

HAB. Sandy woods and mountains. Apr. — May. \,
Evergreen; jl. rose-col.; her. red.

DECANDRIA— MONOGYNIA. j7S

280. GAULTHERIA. Mountain-tea, &c. Ericeoe.

G. procumbens : stem procumbent, with the flower-
ing branches erect ; leaves obovate, cuneate at
the base, ciliate-denticulate ; flowers few, termi-
nal, nodding.

HAB. Wet or dry woods. July — Aug. ^- Root
creep.; leav. sempervir.Jl. wh.

281. VACCINIUM. Whortle-berry. Vaccinece.

% Leaves deciduous.

t Corolla campanulale.

. V. stamineum: leaves oval, acute, very entire_.
glaucous beneath ; pedicels solitary, axillary,
filiform ; corolla spreading-campanulate ; seg-
ments oblong, acute ; anthers exserted, awned ;
berries somewhat pyriform.

HAB. Dry woods and hills. May — June. Shrub 3 — 4
ft. high ; fl. wh. ; ber. large, wh.

■3. album : leaves subpubescent beneath ; berries
globose.

HAB. Pine "barrens.
. V. dumosum : younger branches, leaves, and ra-
cemes sprinkled with resinous atoms ; leaves ob-
ovate, cuneate at the base, mucronate, very en-
tire, green on both sides ; racemes bracteate ;
pedicels short, axillary, subsolitary ; corolla cam-
panulate, segments rounded ; anthers included.

HAB. Pine barrens and swamps. June. Shrub 12
— 18 in. high ; fl. large, wh. ; ber. large, depress,
black.
. V. frondosum: leaves obovate-oblong, obtuse, very
entire, and sprinkled with resinous atoms beneath,
glaucous ; racemes loose, bracteate ; pedicel*
long, filiform ; corolla ovate-campanulate ; an-
thers included.

IIAB. Sandy woods and swamps. July. Shrub 3 — - r »
ft. high, ber. large, blue, pleasant.

1 80 ©ECANDRIA— MONOG YNI A.

| t Corolla urceolate.

ec. Flowers racemose, or fasciculate.

4. V. resinosum : leaves petiolate, oblong-oval, mostly

obtuse, very entire, sprinkled witb resinous atoms
beneath ; racemes lateral, secund, bracteate ; co-
rolla ovate-conic, pentangular.
HAB. Woods and hills. May— June. Shrub 2 ft.
high ; fl. reddish ; her. black shining.

5. V. corymbosum : flonferous branches nearly leaf-

less ; leaves oblong-oval, acute at each extremity,
nearly entire ; the younger ones pubescent; ra-
cemes short, sessile, bracteate ; corolla cylindri-
cal ovate.
HAB. Low grounds. May— June. Shrub 4 — 8 ft.
high ; fl. wh. or purplish; ber. black.
?.;. V. fuscatum : racemes somewhat naked ; leaves
elliptical, acute, very entire, with the nerves be-
neath somewhat villous ; corolla cylindrical-ovate :
calyx acute.
HAB. Pennsylvania. +
7. V. pennsylvanicum : branches angular, green ; ses-
sile, oval-lanceolate, mucronate, serrulate, shining
on both surfaces ; fascicles of flowers crowded,
subterminal, corolla ovate.
HAB. Rocky hills. May— June. Shrub 12—18 in.
high; bark andfl. greenish; ber. dark blue.
;•!. V. tenellum: racemes bracteate, sessile; corolla
ovate-cylin<(rical ; leaves oblong-elliptic,subcunei-
form, serrulate, nearly smooth.
HAB. Mountains. April.
>. V. ligustrinum: branches angular ; leaves subses-
sile, erect, lanceolate, mucronate, serrulate ; fas-
cicles gemmaceous, sessile ; flowers nearly ses-
sile ; corolla oblong, ovate.
HAB. Dry woods. Shrub small, slend. ; leaves £ in.
long ; fl. purp.

6. Flowers solitary.
10. V. uliginosum: leaves obovate, very obtuse, en-

DECANDRIA.— MONOGYNIA. 181

tire, smooth above, veined and glaucous beneath ;
flowers subsolitary, octandrous ; corolla short-
ovate, 4-cleft ; anthers awned at the base.
HAB. High Mountains. Shrub procum. and strag. ;
leav. andfl. small; ber. obi.

* * Leaves sempervirent.

11. V. Vitis idcea : stem creeping; branches erect:
leaves obovate, punctate beneath ; nearly entire :
racemes terminal, nodding ; corolla oblong, cam-
panulate.
HAB. High mountains. June. Shrub low, strag. ;
leav. subcoriac. rev.; Jl. mostly 4-cleft, pale red:
ber. red, acid.

282. ANDROMEDA. Ericece.

* Leaves sempervirent.

i. A. hypnoides : leaves imbricate, subulate, smooth .
peduncles solitary, terminal, 1 -flowered, corolla
nodding, globose campanulate.
HAB. High mountains. A small creeping shrub ; Jl.
small, wh. and red.

J. A. polifolia : leaves linear lanceolate, convex ; re-
volute, glaucous beneath ; flowers in short ter-
minal racemes.
HAB. Sphagnous swamps. May. Shrub 18 in. high :
Jl. wh, urceol., mouth contr.

'.. A. calyculata: leaves lanceolate-oblong, rather ob-
tuse, obsoletely serrulate, ferruginous beneath ;
racemes terminal, leafy, subsecund ; calyx bi-
bracteate ; corolla oblong-cylindrical.
HAB. Bog-meadows. Apr. — May. Shrub 3— 4ft.
high; leaves squamulose-punct. ; Jl. wh.

* Leaves deciduous.

A. mariana: leaves oval, somewhat acute, very
entire, smooth, subcoriaceous ; paler beneath
flowering branches nearly naked ; pedicels fat

182 DECANDRIA.— MONOGYNIA.

culate ; corolla ovate-cylindric ; anthers simple
at the summit.

HAB. Sandy woods. June— Oct. Shrub 2— 4 ft. ;
branch, erect; fl. large, wh. or rose-col.
n. A. racemosa: leaves oval-lanceolate, acute, serru-
late, membranaceous, pubescent beneath ; ra-
cemes terminal, secund, simple, (or rarely branch-
ed ;) corolla oblong-cylindrical ; anthers 4-awned
at the summit.

HAB. Swamps. June— July. Shrub 4— 6 ft. high ;
racem. long ; fl. nod. ; wh. odorous.

6. A. arborea: branches terete ; leaves oblong, acu-

minate, acutely serrate, smooth ; panicles termi-
nal, many-spiked ; corolla ovate-oblong, pubes-
cent ; anthers unawned.
HAB. Mountains. A middle sized tree ; leav. shin.,
acid ; pan. large ; fl. wh.

7. A. ligustrina : pubescent; leaves obovate-lanceo-

late, acuminate, minutely serrulate, floriferous
branches terminal, paniculate, naked ; corolla
subglobose ; anthers unawned.
HAB. Swamps. June— July. Shrub 4 — 8 ft. high :
pan. dense ; fl. small, wh. ; cap. glob.

283. KALMIA. American Laurel. Rhododeudracac.

1. K. latifolia: leaves on long petioles, scattered and

ternate, coriaceous, green on both sides ; corymb?
terminal, viscidly pubescent.
HAB. Rocky hills. June— July. Shrub 4— \b ft.
high ; leav. semperv. ; fl. large, rose-col.

2. K. angustifolia : leaves ternate, petiolate, obtuse.

slightly ferruginous beneath ; corymbs linear ; pe-
duncles and calyx glandular-pubescent.
HAB. Sandy woods and swamps. June — July.
Shrub 2 ft. high ; fl. smaller, deeper rose- col.

3. K. glauca: branches ancipitous ; leaves opposite.

subsessile, oblong, smooth, glaucous beneath, reyo-
lute on the margin, corymbs terminal and axillary,
bracteate ; peduncles and calyx very smooth.
HAB. Sphagnous swamps and mountain bogs. July.
Shrub 18 in. high ; fl. small, rose-col.

DECANDRI A.— MONOGYNI A. 1 83

I. rosmarinifolia : leaves linear, conspicuously revo-

lute. nearly green beneath.
HAB. Sphagnous swamps. Shrub low ; ieav. 2 tin.

broad; umbel, term.

284. RHODODENDRON. Mountain-laurel. Rhodo-
dendracece.

* Flowers pentandrous.

1. R. nudiflorum: flowers somewhat naked; leaves

lanceolate-oblong, nearly smooth, and green on
both sides ; the midrib bristly beneath ; margin cili-
ate ; flowers not viscous ; tube longer than the
divisions ; teeth of the calyx short, somewhat
rounded ; stamens much exseried.
HAB. Woods and copses. May. Shrub 2—6 ft.
high; fl. in term, dust., red.

2. R. viscosum: flowers leafy ; branches hispid ; leaves

oblong-obovate, acute, smooth and green on both
sides, ciliate on the margin ; midrib bristly ; flowers
viscous ; tube as long again as the segments ; teeth
of the calyx short, rounded ; stamens scarcely
longer than the corolla.
HAB. Wet woods. June. Shrub 4— £ ft. high ; fl.

wh.y viscous, sweet-seen.
/3. glaucum : leaves glaucous beneath.
K. calendulaceum : flowers : somewhat naked ; leaves
oblong, pubescent on both sides, at length hairy ;
flowers not viscous; teeth of the calyx oblong:
tube ofthe corolla hairy, shorter than the segments.
HAB. Pennsylvania. May. Shrub 2- 6 ft. high;
fl. large, flame-col.
L R. arborescent: flowers leafy; leaves obovate, ra-
ther obtuse, smooth on both sides, glaucous be-
neath, ciliate on the margin ; nerves almost smooth.
flowers not viscous ; tube longer than the seg-
ments ; calyx leafy, with the segments oblong,
acute ; filaments exserted.
HAB, Mountains. Shrub 10— 20 ft. high ; fl. large,
rose-col. ; scales of the fl.-buds ycll-br., with a cil.
white bord.
5. R. nitidum: Bowers leafy; branches somewhat
«mooth ; leaves oblanceolat«', submucronate, co-

184 DECANDRIA.— MONOGYNIA.

riaceous, smooth on both side9, shining above
nerve bristly beneath ; margin revolute-ciliate ;
flowers viscous ; tube a little longer than the seg-
ments ; calyx very short ; filaments exserted.
HAB. Mountain swamps. Leav. dark green, small:
fl. reddish while.

6. R. irispidum : flowers leafy ; branches straight.

very hispid ; leaves long-lanceolate, hispid above,
smooth beneath, glaucous on both sides ; nerve
beneath bristly ; margin ciliate ; flowers very vis-
cous ; tube scarcely longer than the segments :
teeth of the calyx oblong, round ; filaments ex-
serted.
HAB, Mountains, near lakes. July — Aug. Shrub
10 — 15 ft. high, bluish, upright; fl. wli., bord.
and tube red.

** Flowers campanulate ; stamens 5 — 10.

7. R. lapponicum : leaves elliptical, roughened with

excavated punctures.
HAB. High mountains. July. A small evergreen
shrub ; fl. in term, dust., large purp., 4 cl.; stam. 8.

8. R. maximum : arborescent ; leaves oblong, acute.

paler beneath ; umbels terminal ; segments of the
calyx oval, obtuse ; corolla campanulate. '
HAB. Cedar swamps and mountain bogs. June —
July. Shrub 10 — 15 ft. high; leav. semperv. ; fl.
large, rose-col.

285. RHODORA. Rhododendracecv.

R. canadensis :

HAB. Mountain bogs. May. Shrub 2ft. high ; leav.
oval; fl. in term, limb., purplish; stam. not exsert.

28G. EPIG^A. Ground-laurel. Ericeai.

E. repens : branches, nerves of the leaves, and pe
tioles, very hairy ; leaves cordate-ovate, very en
tire ; corolla subcylindrical.

HAB. Rocky woods. April. U . A trailing ever

green ; fl. dust., reddish wh.

DECANDRIA.— MONOGYNIA. 185

287. PTEROSPORA. Monotropev.

P. andromedea.

HAB. Steril hill-sides. July— Aug. M.1 Steml*—
2 ft. high, simple, scaly, brownish; leaves ;fl. in a
long raceme, nutant, reddish white.

288. MONOTROPA. Bird's-nest Monotropecc.
* Scapes many-flowered. Hypopithys.

1 . M. lanuginosa : scape bearing the flowers in a spike ;

bracts and flowers woolly.
HAB. Beech woods. Aug. U . ? Scape scaly, ag-
greg.f 4 — G in. long ; fl. secund, yellowish, parasitic
on roots.

2. Uypopithys: scape bearing the flowers in a spike ;

scales and flowers smooth externally ; lateral flow-
ers octandrous.
HAB. Beech woods. July. 2{. ? Plant dingy yel-
low. Parasitic. +.

** Scape \-flowered.

■ >. M. uniflora: scape straight, elongated, 1 -flowered;
flowers decandrous, erect or cernuous.
HAB. Woods. June. Root roundish ; plant white ;
scape 5 — 8 in. high ; fl. large.

JGP. PYROLA. Winter-green. Monotropecc.

* Flowers racemed, pointing in various directions.

1 . P. rotiindifolia : leaves rounded or dilated oval, ob-
soletely serrulate, subcoriaceous and shining ; pe-
tiole about as long as the lamina ; scape many-flow-
ered ; style declinate.
HAB. Dry woods. July — Aug. U^ Leav. rad.
semjicrv. : fl. large, reddish white.
.*. P. elliptica: leaves membranaceous, elliptical-ovate ;
errulate, rather acute ; lamina longer than the pe-
tiole ; scape nearly naked ; bracts subulate ; calyx
o-toothed ; style declinate.
MAB. Dry woods. July — Aug. V-. Scape 10 in.
U^ract. : fl. sw. -scent., gr. wh.
C*2

186 DECANDRIA.— MONOGYNIA.

3. P. asarifolia : leaves subreniform, generally emar

ginate, coriaceous ; lamina shorter than the petiole .
scape mostly convolute, many-flowered ; calyx ap
pressed ; stamens slightly ascending ; style decli-
nate, clavate.
HAB. Sandy woods. July. U. Leav. small, dark
gr. ; scape 8- — 10 m. high; bract solit. ; Jl. greenish,
i no dor.

4. P. minor: leaves roundish-oval, serrulate; scape

naked ; style short, straight, as long as the erect
stamens.
HAB. New-York, &c. June. If. Fl. small, red-
dish wh. ; stig. pelt.

** Flowers racemed, secund.

5. P. secunda : leaves roundish-ovate, acute, ser-

rate ; racemes secund ; styles straight.
HAB. Sandy woods. June — July. V-. Plant a
span high; stem assurg. ; Jl. gr. wh.

*** Flower solitary, terminal.

6. P. unifiora : leaves orbicular, serrate ; scape 1

flowered ; style straight.
HAB. Dry woods and sphagnous swamps. July. % ,
Fl. large, red, wh.

*#** Flowers somewhat umbellate ; styles very short.
Chimaphila.

7. P. umbellata : leaves cuneate-lanceolate, acute at

the base, serrate, uniformly green, scape corymbed.
HAB. Dry woods. July. U . Stem ascend. ; leav.

coriac, semperv. ; Jl. purpl. white.
3. P. macula ta : leaves lanceolate, rounded at the base,

remotely serrate, discoloured ; scape 2 — 3-flow-

ered.
HAB. Dry woods. July — Aug. If.. Evergreen. :.

leav. varieg. ; jl. purp. wh., nod.

290. LEDUM. Labrador tea. Rhododendraceoe.
I. L. latifoliitm; leaves oblong, replicate on the mar-

DECANDRIA.— MGNOGYNIA. 187

gin, ferruginous-tomentose beneath ; stamens 5, a.>

long as the corolla.
HAB. Sphagnous swamps. June. H • A small

evergreen shrub ; fl. corymb., wh.
2. L. palustre : leaves linear, revolute on the margin ;

ferruginous-tomentose beneath; stamens 10, longer

than the corolla.
HAB. Borders of mountain lakes.

291. LEIOPHYLLUM. Rhododendracece.

L. buxifolium.

HAB. Pine barrens and high mountains. May. A

small evergreen shrub, erect; leav. oval, half in.

long : fl. num. in term, umb., wh.

292. CLETHRA. Ericece.

C. alnifolia: leaves cuneate-obovate, acute, coarsely
serrate, smooth and green on both sides ; racemes
spiked, simple, bracteate, hoary-tomentose.

HAB. Swamps. Aug. Shrub 4 — ti ft. high; leav.
ah. ; fl. wh., sweet-scent.

293. CASSIA. Wild-pea. Leguminosa .

1. C. marilandica : nearly smooth ; leaves in G pairs.

lanceolate-oblong, mucronate ; gland on the petiole
obovate ; racemes axillary, many-flowered ; legume
linear, arcuate.
HAB. Wet meadows. Aug. If.. Stem 2 — 4 ft.
high; fl. yellow, in large oxill. racem.

2. C. Chamazcrista : smoothish ; leaves in many pairs.

linear, with the gland on the petiole subpedicellate ;
buds 2 — 3-flowered ; 2 of the petals spotted ; le-
gume pubescent.
HAB. Sandy fields. June— May. 0. Afoot high,
leav. somewhat sensitive ; fl. yellow, in bract, fas
: base of 3 pet. spotted.
'>. C. nictitans : stem spreading, pubescent; leaves in
many pairs, linear ; gland on the petiole pedicel-
late ; peduncles fasciculate, few-flowered : flower*
pentandrous ; stamens equal.

188 DECANDRIA— DIGYNIA.

HAB. Sandy fields. Aug. ©. Afoot high, slend. .
fl. very small, axill.
4. C. fasciculata : nearly smooth ; leaves at the sum-
mit in 9 pairs ; gland sessile near the middle of the
petiole ; fascicles lateral, many-flowered ; petals
and stamens of the same colour ; legume smooth.
HAB. Dry fields. June — Aug. ©. Fl. smaller
than No. 2 ; leg. curved.

294. BAPTISIA. Wild Indigo. Leguminoscc.

B. iinctoria: very smooth, much branched ; leaves
ternate, subsessile ; leaflets rounded-obovate ;
racemes terminal, (flowers yellow ;) legume on a
long stipe.

HAB. Sandy woods. July.— Sept. U . Stem 2—
3 ft. high, much branch. Dries black.

295. CERCIS. Judas' tree. Leguminosce.

C. canadensis: leaves roundish-cordate, acuminate,
villous at the axils of the nerves ; legumes on
short footstalks.

HAB. Woods. April. A small tree ; leav. alt., large :
/?. red, in small lat.fascic, prcecoc. ; leg. compress.

DIGYNIA.

296. HYDRANGEA. Saxifragece.

1. H. vulgaris: leaves oblong-ovate, smooth beneath.

obtuse at the base, acuminate, dentate ; cymes
naked.
HAB. Shady rocks. July. Shrub 3—6 ft. high :
leav. oppos. ; fl. wh.

2, H. radiata: leaves ovate, acuminate, serrate, to-

mentose and white beneath ; cvmes radiate.
HAB. Pennsylvania. July. Shrub 6 ft. high : ext.
fl. of the cymes large, vsh. neut.

297. SAXIFRAGA. Saxifrage. Saxifragece.

K S. virginica: pubescent; leaves oval, obtuse, cre-
nate, narrowed at the base into a petiole ; stem
nearly leafless, corymbose-paniculate ; flowers sub-

DECANDRI A.— DIGYNI A. 1 89

sessile; petals oval, with branched nerves; cap-
sule half inferior.
HAB. Rocks and hills. April— May. U . Stem
succul., 3 — 12 in. high ; leav. thick ; fl. wh.
I. S. pennsylvanica : pubescent, leaves oblong-lance-
olate, acute at each extremity, obsoletely denticu-
late ; stem naked ; panicle oblong ; flowers fascicu-
late ; petals linear, longer than the calyx ; capsule-
superior.
HAB. Swamps. May — June. U. Leav. rad. y 5 —
8 in. long; scape 1£ — 2 ft. high; pet. yell, green.

►98; CHRYSOSPLENIUM. Golden Saxifrage. Saxi-
fragece.

C. oppositifolium : leaves opposite, roundish-cordate.
HAB. Wet places. April— May. U- PL succul.,
yell. gr. y dichot. ; fl. sess., 8-an.

299. TIARELLA. Saxifragece.

T. cordifolia: leaves cordate, acutely lobed, den-
tate ; teeth mucronato ; scape racemed.

HAB. Rocky hills. May. lj. . Leav. rad., pubes. ;
fl. in a simp, racem., wh.

300. MITELLA. False Sanicle. Saxifragece.

. M. diphylla : leaves somewhat lobed, with the lobes
acute and dentate ; stern erect, with two opposite
leaves above the middle.
HAB. Banks of creeks. May. U. Jl foot high,
simp, slend. ; racem. simp. ; fl. wh.

'. M. cordifolia: leaves orbicular-reuifnrm, doubly -
cren ate, with scattered hairs above ; scape erect
or prostrate, naked, or with a single leaf.
HAB. Moist rocks. June. If.. Stem, slend. with
creeping stolons ; fl. few, wh.

501. SAPONARIA. Soap-wort. CaryophylUn .

3. officinalis: leaves ovate-lanceolate; calyx cylin-

dric, smooth.
HAB. Watte places, <^c. June — Sept. U. Stem
. high, scab.; fl. large, rose-col.

1 90 DECANDRIA— TRIGYNIA.

302. DIANTHUS. Pink. Caryophyllece.

D. Armeria: flowers aggregate 5 fasciculate; scales
of the calyx lanceolate, villous as long as the tube.

HAB. Sandy soils. July. 0. Afoothigh,pubcs.:
leav. lin. Ian. ; fl. red, punct. § ?

302. SCLERANTHUS. Knawel. CaryophyUea.

S. annuus: calyx of the fruit spreading, acute ; stem

spreading.
HAB. Sandy fields. July. ©. Stem num.; pro-

cumb ; fl. in axill.fasc, inconspic. §.

TRIGYNIA,

304. CUCUBALUS. Campion. Caryophollecc.

1 . C. Behen : smooth and glaucous, decumbent ; leaves

oblong-oval, acute, nerveless ;- calyx membrana-
ceous, with reticulated veins.
HAB. Rocky hills. July. y. . Stem 18 in. high,
panic. ; fl. large, nod. ; pet. wh.

2. C. niveus : stem divaricate and dichotomous above ;

leaves oblong-lanceolate, minutely and pulveru-
lently pubescent ; the uppermost ovate ; calyx ob-
tuse, campanulate, inflated, subpilose ; petals small,
reflexed, bifid at the extremity ; claws exserted
beyond the calyx, nearly naked ; flowers solitary,
dichotomal, terminal.
HAB. On an island in the Susquehanna. Fl. re-
mote, solit. ; pet. wh.

3. C. stellatus : erect, pubescent; leaves verticillate,

in fours, oval-lanceolate, long-acuminate.
HAB. Woods. July— Aug. H. Stem 2— 3 ft. high ;
pan. term. ; fl. wh. ; cal. not reticul.

305. SILENE. Catch-fly. CaryophyUea?.

1. S. pennsyhanica : viscidly-pubescent ; radical leave?

cuneate ; stem leaves lanceolate ; panicles trichoto-

mous ; petals slightly emarginate, very obtuse, sub-

crenate.

HAB. Rocks and sandy woods. Mav — June. U .

DECANDRIA.— TRIGYNIA. 191

Stems num., 8 — 12 in. high; ji. in term, trichot.
panic, purp.

2. S. virginica: erect or decumbent, viscidly pubes-

cent ; leaves oblong-lanceolate, scabrous on the
margin ; panicle dichotomous ; petals bind ; sta-
mens exserted.
HAB. Pennsylvania. June. H. A foot high,
mostly simp. ; jl. few, crimson.

3. S. antirrhina : leaves lanceolate, minutely ciliate ;

panicles trichotomous ; calyx ovate ; petals small,

bifid, stamens included.
HAB. Hills and rocky banks. June. 0. Stem

1 — 2 ft. high, slender ; ji. small ; pet. wh.
1. S. nocturna : flowers spiked, alternate, sessile, se-

cund ; petals bifid.
HAB. Pennsylvania. 0. Fl. scss., obov. : pet. wli..

bifid, rather large.

306. STELLARIA. Stitchwort. Caryophyllex.

1 . S. pubera : pubescent ; stem decumbent ; leaves
ovate-oblong, sessile, acute, subciliate, somewhat
undulate, pedicels dichotomal, recurved ; petals
longer than the catyx.
HAB. Shady rocks. May— June. H. Stein 6—
10 in. long ; ji. large, rvh.
.\ S. media: stem procumbent, with an alternate, pu-
bescent, lateral line ; leaves ovate, smooth ; petals
2-parted ; stamens 5 — 10.
HAB. Cultivated grounds, k.c. 0. Stem weak;

leav. pctiol. ; pedun. \-fl.
J. limgifolia : very smooth ; stem erect, quadran-
gular, weak ; leaves linear-lanceolate ; panicle ter-
minal ; peduncles divaricate, very long, bracteate ;
petals broad-obovate, 2-parted, longer than the
acute 3-nerved calyx ; styles 3 — \.
HAB. Wet places. June. U. Stem 1 //. high,
dichot., leav. Ij — 2 in, long ; pan. loose.
I. P. lanceolata : very smooth, procumbent or ascend-
ing; leaves lanceolate, acute at each end ; petals
about as long as the calyx ; stigmas mostly 4, or
wanting.
HAB. Mountain bogs. June. U. Stcmdi(r.,6-

192 DECANDRIA.— TRIGYNIA.

8 in. long, fl. axill. and term., sometimes apet. :
stam. 8 — 10.

307. ARENARIA. Sandwort. Caryophyllece.

* Leaves without stipules at the base.

1. A. peploides : stem dichotomous; leaves ovate,
acute, fleshy ; calyx obtuse.
HAH. Sea-coast. July. U . Stem decumb.; 8—12
in. long, thick ; fl. subsol. axill.
1. A. lateriflora: stem filiform, simple or branched,
pubescent ; leaves ovate, subtriply nerved ; pedun-
cle lateral, solitarj r , elongated, bifid ; one of the
pedicels with 2 opposite bracts near the middle ;
corolla longer than the calyx.
HAB. Bog meadows. June. U . Stem 5 — 8 in.
high ; leav. sess., pale gr., punct.
i. A. serpyllifolia : stem dichotomous, diffuse ; leaves
ovate, acute, subciliate ; calyx hairy ; exterior
leaflets 5-ribbed.
HAB. Sandy fields. May— July. © . Stem 3— B
in. high ; leav. minute, approx.
1. A. squarrosa : cespitose ; inferior leaves squarrose-
imbricate, canaliculate pungent ; stem simple, few-
leaved ; flowers few, terminal, erect ; petals much
longer than the roundish calyx.
HAB. Pine barrens. May — Aug. U. Stem num..
G in. long ; leav. crowd. ; fl. large.
>. A. glabra : very smooth ; stems numerous, erect,
filiform ; leaves subulate-linear, flat, spreading ;
pedicels 1 -flowered, elongated, divaricate ; leaflets
of the calyx oval, obtuse, smooth, shorter than the
petals.
HAB. Mountains. June. II. Stem 4 — 6 in. high;
leav. remote; ped. trichot.
;. A. stricta: smooth; stems numerous, filiform, sim-
ple ; leaves subulate-linear, subfasciculate, spread-
ing ; leaflets of the calyx ovate, acute, conspicu-
ously 3-nerved, half as long as the petals.
HAB. Mountains. May— June. U. Stems 6— 12
in, high; leav. rather rigid.

DEC ANDRIA.— PENTAGYNIA.

* Leaves with stipules at the base.

7. A. rubra : stems prostrate ; leaves narrow-Uneai
acute, flat, somewhat fleshy, mucronate ; stipule-
sheathing, ovate, cleft ; capsule as long as the ca-
lyx ; seeds compressed, angular, roundish.

HAB. Sandy fields. 0. Smooth, spreading; cal
viscid-jmbes. ; fl. red; stam 5 — 10.

3. marina : leaves cylindrical, fleshy, unarmed.

HAB. Salt marshes. May— Nov. $. Stem
smooth ; fi. dark rose-col. ; seed compr.

PENTAGYNIA.

308. SPERGULA. Spurrey. Caryophyllem.

1, S. arvensis: leaves verticillate : panicle dichoto

mous ; peduncles of the fruit reflexed.
HAB. Sandy fields. June— Aug. 0. Stem 6—10
in. high; leav.Jilif., 8 — 10 zuhorled. §.

2. S. saginoides : glabrous ; leaves opposite, subulate

awnless ; peduncles solitary, very long, smooth.
1IAB. Sandy fields. July. 0. Stem spread., 2—
3 in. long; ped. axill. and term.

*09. CERAST1UM. Mouse-ear Chickweed. Caryo

'phyllcce.

* Petals not exceeding the calyx in length.

• . C. vulgatum: hairy and viscid, cespitose, suberect ,
leaves ovate ; flowers capitate, longer than their
pedicels.
HAB. Fields and dry hills. May— Sept. 0. Plan,
pale green, viscid -when young. §.
I. C. viscosum : hairy and viscid, spreading; leavo
oblong-lanceolate ; flowers somewhat panicled.
shorter than their pedicels.
HAB. Fields and road sides. May — Sept. U

Darker green, spreading, rarely vise.
C. semidecandrum : hairy and viscid, suberect,
'eaves oblong-ovate ; flowers somewhat panicle^
R

194 DECANDRIA.— PENTAGYNIA.

shorter than their panicles ; stamens 5 ; petal?

slightly notched.
HAB. Dry hills. ©. Stems num., assurg. ; pet. often

shorter than cal.
!. C. hirsutum: very hairy, diffuse; leaves obtuse 5

connate ; flowers clustered ; petals 2-cleft, a little

longer than the acute calyx.
HAB. New-Yprk, &c. 0. Leav. sub ovate, half 'in.

long ; fi. in dense dust.

* Petals longer than the calyx.

o. C. nutans: viscid and elongated; stems erect,

straight, deeply striate ; leaves elongated, distant,
' linear-oblong, acute ; petals oblong, bifid at the

tip, longer than the calyx ; peduncles at length

much longer than the flowers.
HAB. Rocky hills. June. 0., Pale green, 8— 12

in. high, very vise. ; pan. loose, term.

0. C. oblongifolium: cespitose, pubescent ; stem erect 5

terete, even ; leaves lanceolate-oblong, rathei
acute, shorter than the joints; flowers terminal,
shorter than the pedicels ; petals obovate, bifid at
the tip ; twice the length of the calyx.

HAB. Mountains. June. %. Stem 8 in. high, re-
irors. pubes. ; ped. bract. ,fi. large.
7. C. tenuifolium: pubescent, cespitose; leaves nar-
row-linear, longer than the internodes ; stems
short, 3-flowered at the summit ; petals obovate.
emarginate, 3 times as long as the calyx.

HAB. Mountains. June. U . A span high ; leav.
long, I line broad : pedunc. elong.

310. AGROSTEMMA. Corn-cockle. Caryophyllca .
A. Githago : hairy ; calyx much longer than the

corolla ; petals entire, without a crown.
HAB. Corn-fields. June— July. ©. Plant pale
green, % ft. high ; fl. large, purp.

311. OXAL1S. Wood-sorrel. Oxalidcce.

* Skinless.

1, 0. Acctosdla : stemless ; scape 1-flowered, longer

DECANDRIA.— PENTAGYNIA. 195

than the leaves ; leaves termite, dilated-obcor-
date, pilose ; styles as long as the interior sta-
mens ; root dentate.
HAB. Mountains. June. U . Leav. often purple
beneath ; fl. large, wh. veined.

2. O. violacea : stemless ; scape umbelliferous ; flowers

nodding ; leaves ternate, obcordate, smooth ; seg-
ments of the calyx callous at the tip ; styles shorter
than the exterior stamens ; root squamose.
HAB. Rocky woods. April — June. U . Rout thick,
with ciliale scales ; fl. violet.

** Caulescent.

3. O. corniculata : pubescent ; stem prostrate ; leaves

termite, obcordate ; umbels as long as the petioles ;
petals obovate ; slightly emarginate ; styles as long
as the interior stamens.
HAB. Cultivated grounds, &c. May — Sept. ©.
Stem 6 — 8 in. long ; fl. sin., yell.

4. 0. stricta: hairy; stem erect, branched; leaves

ternate, obcordate ; umbels longer than the peti-
oles ; petals obovate, entire ; styles as long as the
interior stamens.
HAB. Sandy fields. May— Aug. U.? Stem 4—
10 in. high, never creeping ; fl. sm., yell.

)\2. PENTHORUM. Virginia Stone-crop. Semper-

vivcc.

P. sedoides : stem branched, angular above ; leaves
lanceolate, subsessile, unequally serrate ; spikes
simple, secund, recurved, paniculate ; seeds ellip-
tical.

HAB. Wet places. July— Aug. y. . Stem 12—18
in. high ; leav. alt. ; pet. mostly 0.

313. SEDUM. Stone-crop. Sempervh

\. S te malum : creeping; leaves flat, rounded-spathu-
late, ternate ; cymes mostly 3-spiked ; terminal
flowen decandrous ; the rest octandrous.
B. On rocks. May. H • Stem 4— 6 IN
''ire : fl. wh. ; anth. dark.

196 ICOSANDRIA.— DI-PENTAGYNIA.

2. telephioides : leaves broad, flat, ovate, acute a?

each end ; corymbs many-flowered.
HAB. Rocky hills. U . Afoot high, leafy, pur

plish ; fl. pale purp.

DECAGYNIA.

314. PHYTOLACCA. Poke. Atriplices.

P. decandra : leaves ovate, acute at each end; flow-
ers with 10 stamens and 10 styles.

HAB. Waste places. June— Oct. U . Smooth
4— Qft. high, purp. ; fl. racem. wh. ; her. purp,

ICOSANDRIA,
MONOGYNIA,

• lb. CACTUS. Cal. superior, many-cleft; segments
imbricate. Pet. numerous, inserted in several
series ; the interior ones larger. Stig. many-
cleft. Berry 1-celled, many-seeded.

•H6. PRUNUS. Cal. inferior, campanulate, 5-cleft,
deciduous. Pet. 5. Drupe even. jVirt with a
prominent suture.

Ml. LYTHRUM. Cal. tubular-campanulate, 6—12-
toothed. Pet. 6, equal, inserted upon the calyx,
Caps. 2 — 4-celled, many-seeded.

$18. CUPHEA. Cal. ventricose, tubular, 6—1 2-tooth-
ed, unequal. Pet. 6, unequal, inserted into the
calyx. Caps, with the calyx bursting longitudi-
nally, 1-celled.

DI-PENTAGYNIA.

319. AGR1MONIA. Cal. inferior, 5-cleft, with a lobeti

calicle at its base. Pet. 5. St am. 12. Achen.

2, in the bottom of the calyx.
.",20. CRATAEGUS. Cal. superior, 5-cleft. Pet. 5.

Styles 1 — 5. Fruit pulpy, closed, with from 2 —

5 1 -seeded nuts.
SORBUS. Cal. 5-cleft. Pet. 5. Styles 2 or 3-

Berry inferior, farinaceous, with 3 cartilaginous

seeds,

ICOSANDRIA.— POLYGYRIA. 197

, SESUVIUM. Cal. 5-parted, coloured. Pet. 0.
Cups, superior, ovate, 3-celled, opening trans-
versely all round, many-seeded.

323. ARONIA. Cal. 5-toothed. Pet. 5. Berry infe-

rior, 5 — 10-celled; cells I — 2-seeded. Seeds
cartilaginous.

324. PYRUS. Cal. 5-cleft. Pet. 5. Apple inferior,

large and fleshy, 5-celled, many-seeded. Seeds
cartilaginous.
SPIRAEA. Cal. inferior, 5 cleft, expanding. Pet.
5, equal, roundish. Starn. numerous, exserted.
Caps, numerous, (3 — 12.) 1 -celled, 2-vaived.
each 1 — 3 seeded.
.?26. G1LLENIA. Cal. tubular-campanulate ; border
5-toothed. Cor. partly unequal. Pet. 5, lanceo-
late, attenuate at. the base. Stain, few, included.
Styles 5. Caps, 5. connate at the base, opening
on the inner side, each 2-seeded.

POLYGYNIA.

327. ROSA. Cal. urceolale, fleshy, contracted at the

orifice ; border 5-cleft. Pet. 5. Seeds nume-
rous, hispid, attached to the interior side of thr
calyx.

328. RUBUS. Cal. 5-cleft, inferior. Pet. 5. Fruit

composed of many 1 -seeded j'licy acines, on a
dry receptacle.
DALIBARDA. Cal. inferior, 8-cleft, spreading.
Styles 5 — 3, long and deciduous. Seeds dry.
130. DRY AS. Cal. 8—1 0-cleft, segments equal. Seeds
5 — 8, with Ions; plumose awns.
I. GEUM. Cal. 1 0-cleft, inferior ; the alternate

ments smaller. Pet. 5. Seeds nwned, with the
awn naked or bearded, mostly geniculate.
POTENTILLA. Cal. flat, 10-cleft, (rarely 3 or
12-cleft;) segments alternately smaller. Pet. 5.
!y 4.) Seed* or acines subovate ; mostly
rugose, immerged in a common receptacle, which
is juiceless or Bpongy, more or less hemi-
Bpherical.
I RAGRAR1A. Cat. 10-cleft. Pet, 5. &cin*%
R 2

ICOSANDRIA— MONOGYNIA.

naked, fixed on a large, pulpy, deciduous recep-
tacle.
534. CALYCANTHUS. Cal. urceolate, many-cleft
above ; segments squarrose, coloured, petaloid.
Cor. 0. Styles numerous. Seech numerous, naked,
smooth, included in a ventricose, succulent calyx,

ICOSANDRIA.

MONOGYNIA.

315. CACTUS. Indian Fig, &c. Cacti.

C. Opuntia: articulately proliferous; articulation^
compressed, ovate ; spines setaceous ; fruit suc-
culent, smooth.

HAB. Rocks and Sandy fields. June — July. U
Procumb., leafl., fleshy ; fl. yell.

316. PRUNUS. Plum and Cherry. Rosacea.'.

* Floivers racemose.

i. P. virginiana: racemes erect, elongated ; leaves de-
ciduous, oval-oblong, acuminate, shining above,
serrate, smooth on both sides ; petioles with 2 — 4
glands.
HAB. Woods. May. A large tree ; racem. simp. ;
fl. Teh. ; drupe black.

2. P. serotina : racemes loose, at length pendulous ;

leaves deciduous, ovate, with a short acuminatum,
doubly and very acutely serrate ; midrib bearded
on each side towards the base ; petiole with 2
glands.
HAB. Woods. May. A small tree ; leav. thin
drupe red.

3. P. canadensis: flowers in racemes; leaves decidu-

ous, without glands, broad-lanceolate, rugose, pu-
bescent on both sides.
HAB. Pennsylvania. Branch smooth ; leav. without
glands ; base atten. +.

* Peduncles subumbellate or solitary.

4. P. pennsylvanica : flowers subcorymbed : pedicel?

ICOSANDRIA.— MONOGYNIA. 19S

elongated ; leaves ovate-oblong, acuminate, erosely
denticulate, smooth ; petioles with 2 glands ;
branches punctate ; fruit subovate.
HAB. Mountains. June. A small tree ; leav. memb. ;
corymb. 6 — &-JI. ; drupe red.
>. P. nigra: umbels sessile, solitary, few-flowered;
leaves deciduous, ovate, acuminate, unequally and
acutely serrate ; smooth on both sides ; petioles
with 2 glands.
HAB. Mountains. June. Shrub 6 — 8 ft. high;
branch, red; ped., smooth, short.
& 4 P. pygnum : umbels sessile, few-flowered ; leaves
ovate, acute, smooth on each side, acutely serrate,
with 2 glands at the base.
HAB. New-England, &c. Shrub 3—4 ft. high;
fruit small, black, indifferent.
7. P. pubescens : leaves sessile, aggregated, few-flow-
ered ; peduncles and calyx pubescent ; leaves short-
oval, serrulate ; drupe spherical.
HAB. Sandy shores and hill sides. May. Shrub 2—
3 ft. high ; fruit br. purp.,glauc.
3. P. pumila : umbels aggregated, sessile, few-flow-
ered ; calyx acute ; branches virgate, terete ;
leaves narrow-lanceolate, serrate above, pale be-
neath.
HAB. Banks of rivers. May. Shrub 2—3 ft. high :
leav. long ; fruit red, acid.
». P. depressa : umbels sessile, aggregated, few-flow-
ered ; calyx obtuse ; branches angular, depressed-
prostrate ; leaves cuneate-lanceolate, remotely ser
rate, smooth, glaucous beneath.
HAB. Sandy shores. A shrub, low, spreading ; fr.
small, black, agreeable.
10. P. maritima : peduncles subsolitary ; leaves ovate
oblong, acuminate, doubly serrate.
HAB. Sea-coast. Fruit large, dark pnrp,
P. mollis: younger branches, leaves and peduncles
pubescent; umbels sessile, 2 — 3-llowered ; leaves
ovate, long-acuminate, doubly dentate-serrate :
Bttpolei setaceous, denticulate ; calyx nearly
smooth ; segments linear-lanceolate, serrate.
HAB. Woods. A small tree; leav. 2—3 in.
fr. oval, large, nearly black.

<200 ICOSANDRIA.— DI-PENTAGYNIA,

317. LYTHRUM. Loose-strife. Salicaria.

% Calyx subcampanulate, 10-loothed ; capsuled — 4-
celled. Decodon.

I. L. verticillatum : pubescent; leaves opposite and
ternate, lanceolate, petiolate ; flowers axillary, ver-
ticillate, decandrous ; petals undulate ; fruit sub-
globose.
HAB. Swamps. Aug. U. Stem 2 ft. high, 6-
ang. ; fl. in axill. corymbs, purp.

** Calyx tubular, capsule 2-celled.

%. L. Salicaria. /3. pubescens : pubescent ; leaves op-
posite and ternate, sessile, lanceolate, cordate at
the base ; flowers with 12 stamens, terminal, ver-
ticillate-spiked ; capsule oblong.
HAB. Wet meadows. V-. About 2 ft. high;fl.
purp., very showy, -f-,

3. L. hyssopifoliv.m: leaves alternate and opposite, li-
near-lanceolate and subelliptic ; flowers axillary.,
hexandrous.
IJAB. New- York. V-. Stem mostly simp., quad-
rang., submargined ; fl. pale purp.

318. CUPHEA. Salicarm.

O. viscosissima : viscous ; leaves opposite, petiolate.
ovate-oblong; flowers lateral, solitary, on short pe-
duncles ; stamens 12.

MAB. Fields and mountains. Sept. 0. Stem 12—
1 8 in. high, pubes. ; fl. purp.

DI-PENTAGYNIA.

319. AGRIMONIA. Agrimony. Rosacea 1 ..

\. Evpatoria: hairy; cauline leaves interruptedly
pinnate : leaflets ovate, with the terminal one pe-
tiolate, acutely dentate, smoothish ; spike virgate ;
petals twice as long as the calyx : fruit turbinate.
hispid, smooth at the base.

ICOSANDRIA.— DI-PENTAGYNIA. 201

HAB. Woods and hedges. June — Aug. U . Stem
2 ft. high, simp. ; fl. small, yellow.

/3. hirsute : whole plant very hairy.

A. parviflora: hairy; leaves interruptedly pinnate,
with the terminal one sessile ; leaflets numerous,
mostly linear-lanceolate, incisely serrate ; spike
virgate ; flowers on very short pedicels ; petals
one and a half the length of the calyx ; fruit round
ish, divaricately hispid.

HAB. Woods. Aug. U . Fl. small, yellow.

320. CRATAEGUS. Hawthorn. Rosacea.

C. coccinea: thorny ; leaves on long petioles, ovate,
subcordate, acutely lobed and serrate, petioles
and the pubescent calyx glandular ; flowers pen-
tagynous.

HAB. Woods. May. A large shrub; spines long;
fl. corymb., wh. ; fr. red, edible.

C. cordata : thorny ; leaves cordate- ovate, pinnati-
fid, lobed and angled, smooth ; petioles and calyx
without glands ; flowers pentagynous.
HAB. Hedge rows and river hanks. A large shrub ;
corymbs, comp. ; fr. red, glob.

C. pyrifolia : thorny or unarmed ; leaves ovate-
elliptic, incisely serrate, somewhat plicate and
hairy ; calyx villous ; segments linear-lanceolate,
serrate, flowers trigynous.

HAB. Rocky woods, kc. June. Tj. Leav. large,
sublob. ; pedunc. and cal. toment

C. elliptica : thorny ; leaves elliptical, unequally
serrale, smooth ; petioles and calyx glandular ;
fruit globose, 6-seeded.

HAB. Copses and dry swamps.
. C. glanduloium : thorny; leaves obovate-cunei-
form, smooth and shining; petioles, stipules and
calyx glandular ; fruit oval, 6-seeded.

HAB. Mountains. May. T 2 . Fruit jniddle-sizcd

scarlet.

. C. parvifuliu : thorny ; leaves ol .ovate, subses«ile.

deeply and obtusely serrate, lubtomentose ; leaflet-

of the calyx laciniate ; flowers subsolitary, peot*-

•us.

202 ICOSANDRIA.— DI-PENTAGYNIA.

HAB. Sandy woods. June. Shrub 4 ft. high;
branch, foment. ; fr. large, yellow.
7. C. punctata: thorny or unarmed ; leaves obovate-
cuneate, subplicate, smooth, incisely serrate, de-
current at the base into a petiole ; calyx villous ;
segments subulate, very entire ; berries subglo-
bose, with the summit depressed.

HAB. Woods and swamps. May. A small tree;
veins of the leav. hairy ; fr. yellow or red.
3. C. Cms galli : thorny ; leaves obovate-cuneiform.
subsessile, shining, coriaceous ; corymbs com-
pound ; segments of the calyx lanceolate, serrate :
flowers digynous.

HAB. Woods, &,c. June. A small tree, with long
spines ; style often solit. ; fr. red.

321. SORBUS. Service-tree. Rosacece.

1. S. americana : leaves pinnate ; leaves somewhat

equally serrate, and with the common petiole very
smooth.
HAB Mountains. May. A large shrub; leafl. 7
pairs ; corymbs term. ; fr.fulv.

2. S. microcarpa : leaves pinnate ; leaflets acuminate,

acutely and incisely serrate, and with the common
petiole smooth ; serratures setaceously mucronate.
HAB. High mountains. A large shrub ; young branch,
glossy : fr. sm. scarlet.

322. SESUVIUM. Ficoidece.

S. sessile : flowers sessile ; leaves linear-oblong, flat.
HAB. Sea-coast. Succul. ; leav. oppos. ; fl. axill...
solit., rosaceous.

323. ARONIA. Rosacece.

J. A. arbutifolia : unarmed; leaves ovate-oblong,
acute, crenulately serrulate, tomentose beneath ;
flowers in corymbs ; calyx tomentose.
HAB. Low thickets. May. Shrub 2—4 ft. high :

fruit scarlet, sweetish and astring.
<3. melanocarpa : leaves beneath, and the calyx
smooth :. fruit black.

ICOSANDRIA.— DI-PENTAGYNIA. 203

HAB. Mountains ; rarely in bogs. Leav. narrower;
fruit black.

2, A. Botryapium : unarmed; leaves cordate, oval,

conspicuously acuminate, glabrous when mature ;
flowers in racemes ; petals linear-lanceolate.
HAB. Low woods. May. A small tree; young
leav. silky ; Jr. purp., eatable.

3. A. ovalis : unarmed; leaves roundish-elliptical)

acute, smooth ; flowers in racemes ; petals obo-
vate ; germens and segments of the calyx pu-
bescent.
HAB. Swamps. A small shrub ; her. black and eat-
able.

324. PYRUS. Apple and Pear. Rosacea:.

l v . P. coronaria: leaves broadly-oval, round at the
base, somewhat angular, serrate, smooth ; pedun-
cles racemose.

HAB. Woods. May. A small tree ; fl. large, frag. :
fr. yell., depress., acid.
I. P. angustifolia : leaves lanceolate-oblong, acute at
the base, slightly crenate-dentate, shining ; pedun-
cles corymbose.

IIAB. Pennsylvania. May. A small tree; leav.
andfr. smaller than No. 1.

325. SPIRES A. Meadow-sweet. Rosacea;.

* Frutescent.

I. S. salicifolia : leaves lanceolate, acutely serrate,
smooth ; racemes terminal, compound, panicled .
flowers pentagynous.
HAB. Wet meadows. July. Stem 2—4 ft. high ;
leav. obluse or acute ; fl. uh.
i. S. tomentosa: leaves ovate-lanceolate, unequall}
serrate, toraentose beneath ; raceme* terminal,
compound, crowded ; flowers pentagynous.
HAD. Low grounds. July — Aug. Suffrut. 2 — 3 ft.
high ; racem. elong. ; fl. purp.
, S. hypcricifolia : leaves obovate, very entire, or
(lontatc at the summit, smooth ; umbels sessile.
HAB. Ory swamps. May. Shrub 3 ft. high ; I
nd : fl. num., wh.

204 ICOSANDR1A.— DI-PENTAGYNIA.

1. S. corymbosa : leaves oblong-obovate, incisely-deh
tate ; pubescent beneath ; corymb terminal, pe-
dunculate, compound, fastigiate, somewhat leafy :
flowers pentag\nous.
HAB. Mountains. Syffrut. 18 in. high; corymb,
many-fl., wh. or rose-col.
•». S. crenata : leaves obovate, acute, toothed at the
summit, 3-nerved ; corymbs crowded, pedunculate.
HAB. New-York. -)-.
G. S. opulifolia: leaves ovate, lobed, doubly toothed
and crenate, smooth ; corymbs terminal, with the
flowers crowded and trigynous ; capsules inflated.
HAB. Rocky banks. June— July. Shrub 3—5 ft.
high ; corymb simp. ; fi. wh. j

* Herbaceous.

'k. S. aruncus. /3. americana: leaves twice or thrice
pinnate, shining ; spikes slender, in an oblong pani-
cle ; flowers trigynous, perfect.
HAB. Mountains. June. U. Stem 4— 6 ft. high ;
fi. wh.

8. S. lobata : leaves pinnate, smooth; terminal leaflet
much larger and 7-lobed ; lateral leaflets 3-lobed ;
corymbs proliferous.
HAB. Pennsylvania. June. U. Leafl. subpalm.
lobed ; fi. rose-col., 3 — 5-gyn.

326. GILLENIA. Rosacea.

L G. trifoliata : leaves ternate, lanceolate, serrate r

stipules linear, entire ; flowers in terminal loose

panicles.
HAB. Rocky hills. June. lj. . Stem 2 ft. high,

red; fi. large, wh. ; pet. elong.
I. G. stipulacea : radical leaves pinnatifid ; stem leaves

ternate ; leaflets incisely-serrate ; stipules folia-

ceous, ovate, incisely dentate ; flowers in loose

terminal panicles.
HAB. Mountains. \ . Stem 2—3 ft. high, red ,

slip, very large ; fl. wh.

£COSANDRIA.— POLYGYNIA.

POLYGYNIA.

327. ROSA. Rose. Rosacea.

J. R. parviflora : fruit depressed-globose, and

the peduncles hispid ; petioles pubescent, some
what prickly ; stem smooth ; stipular prickles
straight ; leaflets elliptical-lanceolate, simply ser
rate, smooth when mature ; flowers mostly by
pairs.
HAB. Woods and copses. June — July. Shrub 3 fi.
high ; fl. large red.
2. R. nitida : fruit subglobose ; calyx, peduncles, and
branches hispid ; petioles somewhat hairy, un
armed ; leaflets (7) oblong-lanceolate, onbothsidp*
smooth and shining.
HAB. Pennsylvania. -{-.
: . R. lucida : fruit depressed-globose, and with the pe
duncles somewhat hispid ; petioles smooth, a little
prickly ; stem smooth ; stipular prickles straight :
leaflets ovate-lanceolate, rather obtuse, coarsely
serrate, smooth and shining; flowers generally bj
pairs ; segments of the calyx entire.
II AB. Mountain bogs. July. Shrub oft. high ; fl
large, red.
. R. gcmclla: fruit depressed-globose, and with th<
peduncles glabrous ; flowers mostly by pairs, leaf-
lets oblong, acute, opaque; petioles and under sur
face of the veins pubescent ; stipular prickles unci-
nate, by pairs.
HAB. Dry hills. June. A tow shrub ;jl. lawge, reu
». R. Carolina: fruit globose, and, with the peduncles
somewhat hispid ; petioles hairy, somewhat prickly
m smooth ; prickles uncinate ; leaflets (5 — 7:
long-lanceolate, acute, sharply senate, glaucou-
beneath ; flowers in corymbs.

iwamps and wet thickets. June— July
ub 3—8 ft. high; prickles strong; corymbs 5—
\-f. ; pet. obovate, large.
]». rubiginosa : fruit ovate; peduncle- and petioles
qlandular-hi?pid ; stem smooth : branches anfl
S

?06 ICOSANDRIA.— POLYGYRIA.-

prickles recurved ; leaflets oblong, opaque, pubes
cent above, ferruginous and glandular beneath.
HAB. Hedges, &c. Shrub slend., climb. ; leaf,. 5 —
7, sweet-scent. ; Jl. pale red.

328. RUBUS. Bramble. Rosacea.
* Frutescent.

1. R. Idams: leaves pinnate ; leaflets 3 — 5, rhombic

ovate, acuminate, white and very downy beneath ;
petioles canaliculate ; stem nearly erect, prickly.
HAB. Borders of lakes.

2. R. villosus : pubescent, hispid and prickly; stem

angular ; leaflets in fives, .digitate, elliptical, acumi-
nate, serrate, pubescent on both sides ; calyx short-
acuminate ; racemes loose, naked ; pedicels solitary.

HAB. Fields and hedges. June. Shrub 4 — 6 ft.
high ; fl. wk. ; jr. large, blk.

(8. frondoms: pubescence simple; racemes leafy
few-flowered ; the upper flowers opening first :
petals orbicular-ovate, approximate.

HAB. Road -sides. Fl. larger.
\ R. strigosus : unarmed; strongly hispid ; leaflets i>
threes, or pinnate in fives, oval, obtuse at the
base, marked with lines,, and whitish-downy be-
neath : the terminal one often subcordate ; pedun-
cles and calyx hispid.

HAB, Rocky hills. May. Shrub vpright ; racemt
fezv-fl. ; fr. red, agreeable.
1. R. cuncifolius: branches, petioles, and peduncle.'
pubescent ; stem erect ; slightly angular ; leaflet?
ternate, cuneate-obovate, entire at the base, sub-
plicate, tomentose beneath ; racemes loose ; pedi-
cels solitary, 1 -flowered.

HAB. Sandy fields and woods. June. Shrub 2 ft.
high ; fr. black, ovate, agreeable.
5. R. canadensis: smoothish ; leaves digitate, in fives
and threes ; leaflets rhombic-lanceolate, naked on
both sides, acutely serrate ; stem unarmed, with
lanceolate bracts ; pedicels elongated, 1 — 3-flow
ered ; calyx 5 — 7-clefl.

HAB. Sandy woods and swamps. June. Stem sar-

ICOSANDRIA.-POLYGYNIA. 207

ment., procAimb. or reclin. ; leaf., thin; pet. short;
fr. dark red.

6. R. occidental : branches and petioles glaucous and

aculeate ; leaves ternate ; leaflets ovate-acuminate,
somewhat lobed, coarsely serrate, hoary tomen-
tose beneath ; petioles terete ; racemes terminal.
HAB. Rocky places. May — Aug. Sterns long, si end. ;
racem. long ; fr. black, round.

7. R. hispidus: sarmentose-procumbent ; stems, peti-

oles and peduncles very hispid with rigid bristles ;
leaves ternate ; leaflets incisely serrate, naked ;
the intermediate one pedicellate.

HAB. Pennsylvania. June.
3. R. trivialis :" sarmentose-procumbent; petioles and
peduncles aculeate-hispid, with the prickles re-
curved ; stipules subulate ; leaves ternate and qui-
nate oval, acute, unequally serrate ; pedicels soli-
tary, elongated.

HAB. Stony fields. May — June. Stems long ; leav .
subscmperv. ; fr. large, black.
.'•. R. odoratus: unarmed, erect, viscidly pubescent:
leaves simple, acute, 3— 5-lobed ; corymbs termi-
nal, divaricate ; calyx appendiculate ; petals nearly
round.

HAB. Rocky places. June. Shrub 3—4 ft. high.:
fl. large, purp. ; fr. yellow, large.

** Somewhat herbaceous.

10. R. saxatilis /3. canadensis: herbaceous, pubescent .;
stems creeping; leaves ternate ; leaflets rhombic,
acute, incisely dentate, naked ; the terminal one
petiolate ; flowers somewhat in threes ; pedicels
elongated.

HAB. Mountains. Fruit small, black.

11. R. obovalis : stem becoming a little woody, hispid
with stiff hairs ; leaves ternale ; leaflets round-
obovate, serrate, naked; stipules setaceous; ra-
cemes subcorymbed, few flowered ; bracts ovate
pedicels elongated.

HAB. Mountain swamps. May — July. Fr. with few
\ black, tweet,
1? R. ' /-us: herbaceous, small ; stem unarm

'OS ICOSANDRIA.— POLYGYNIA.

ed, 1-flowered, erect; leaves simple, subreni
form, with rounded lobes, petals oblong.

HAB. High mountains. Fl. wh.; Jr. yellow, or

amber-col.

329. DALIBARDA.* Rosacea?.

1. D. repens : villous; stolons creeping; leaves sim-
ple, cordate, crenate ; .peduncles 1 -flowered.
HAB. Woods and mountains. June. lj. . Scapt
Jilif. ; Jl. wh. ; pet. ovate.
•2. D. fragarioides : leaves ternate ; leaflets ovate, in-
cisely serrate, cuneate at the base ; peduncle?
many-flowered.
HAB. Woods. May. Petiol. 3—4 in, long. ; fl
small, yellow.

330. DRYAS. Mountain avens. Rosacea?

D. integrifolia : leaves elliptical-ovate, entire.
HAB. High mountains. ij. . Suffrut.; cespit. ;
sempvir. ; Jl. wh.\ solit.

331. GEUM. Avens. Rosacea?.

1 G. strictum : hairy ; leaves all interruptedly pin-
nate ; the terminal leaflet larger ; leaflets ovate ?
dentate ; stipules incised ; calyx with 5 alternate
segments, linear aid short ; flowers erect ; petals
roundish, a little longer than the segments ; awns
naked, uncinate.
HAB. Swamps. Aug. %. Stem simp., 2 ft. high- ;
Jl. large, yellow, dust.

:?. G. agrimonoides : very hairy; leaves all pinnate,
leaflets nearly equal, unequally and incisely dent-
ate ; stipules ovate, nearly entire ; flowers erect ;
segments of the calyx subequal ; petals oval, a*
long as the calyx.
HAB. Rocky banks. U. Fl. wh. Cfr. Poten-
tilla confertijlora.

3. G. virginianum : pubescent ; radical and lower cauline
leaves ternate ; the upper lanceolate ; stipules
ovate, nearly entire ; flowers erect ; petals shorter
than the calyx ; awns uncinate, naked, hairy, ant*
twisted at the summit,

ICOSANDRIA.— POLYGYRIA. 209

BAB. Woods and thickets. June— July. H. Stem
2 ft. high ; fl. pedunc., yell.-wh.

G. album : pubescent ; radical leaves pinnate ; stem
leaves ternate, the upper one simple, 3-cleft 5
lower stipules incised ; flowers erect ; petals as
long as the calyx ; awns uncinate, naked, hairy at
the summit.
HAB. Banks of rivers, &c. June — July. Stem 1ft.
high ; fl. wh., on short ped.

G. rivale : pubescent ; stem simple ; radical leaves
interruptedly pinnate ; cauline ones 3-cleft ; flow-
ers nodding ; petals as long as the calyx ; awns
plumose, nearly naked at the summit, minutely
uncinate.

HAB. Begs. May — June. Stem \\ ft. high ; term,
leafl. large ; fl. purp.

G. Peckii : somewhat hairy; slem few-flowered;
radical leaves reniform ; incisely toothed, and
somewhat lobed ; petioles elongated, with minute
leaflets ; petals roundish, longer than the calyx.

HAB. High mountains. July — Aug. U . A span
high ; fl. middle sized, yellow.

332. POTENTILLA. Rosacea.
* Leaves ternate.

P. tridentata : assurgent ; stipules subulate ; leaves
ternate, oblong cuneiform, 3-toothed at the sum-
mit, smoothish above, pubescent beneath ; corymb
loose, few-flowered ; petals oblong-obovate, longer
than the calyx.

HAB. Mountains. June — July. Cespit., 3 — 6 in.
high ; leav. coriac. ; fl. wh,

P. hirsuta : stem erect, simple ; leaves ternate ;
leaflets roundish, hairy, unequally dentate-serrate ;
teeth obtu.se ; petals shorter than the calyx.

HAB. New-York. July — Aug. ©. Stem purp.,
hairy ; fl. dichot. ; pale ijellozv ; (o,7i.)

P. norvegica : stem erect, dichotomous above ;
leaves ternate, petiolatc ; leaflets oblong, acutely
serrate, with spreading hairs ; pedicels i.mI 1
petals obovatC; shorter than the calyx.

&10 ICOSANDRIA.— POLYGYNIA.

HAB. Old fields. June— Aug. 0. Hairy, 8
high ; stip. large ; Jl. yellow.

** Leaves digitate.

P. canadensis: whole plant silky villous ; stem pro
cumbent and ascending, somewhat branched ; leaves
quinate-obovate, incisely dentate ; peduncles soli-
tary, elongated ; segments of the calyx linear-lan-
ceolate ; petals orbicular, nearly as long as the
calyx.

HAB. Fields and woods. April — May. ij. • Stem
2 — 10 in, high ; Jl. yellow ; receipt, hairy.
•>. P. simplex : stem sarrnentose ; simple ; leaves qui-
natc ; leaflets oblong-oval, coarsely serrate, hairy
beneath ; stipules incised ; peduncles axillary, soli-
tary, elongated ; petals roundish obcordate, a little
longer than the. calyx.

HAB. Fields and woods, Ma}' — Aug. U . Hairy;

ped. \-Jl; fl. yellow.
P. argenteo : stem ascending ; leaves quinate ;. leal-
lets cuneiform, incised, revolute on the margin ;
white and tomentose beneath ; petals retuse, a little
longer than the calyx.

IIAB. Rocks and fields. June— Sept. U- Often
spi'cading ; leav. gr. above ; Jl. yellow.

*** Leaves pinnate.

P. fruticosa: stem fruticose ; leaves pinnaie ; leaf-
lets oblong-lanceolate, very entire ; petals longer
than the calyx.

HAB. Bog meadows. June. A shrub, 2 ft. high ,
much branch. ; Jl. yellow.
:\ P. Anscrina : stem creeping ; leaves interruptedly
pinnate ; leaflets numerous, incisely and very
acutely serrate, silky ; pedicels axillary, solitary,
as long as the leaves ; stipules many-cleft.

IIAB. Wet meadows. June. U. Stems long ; leafl
7 — 10 pairs, wk. beneath ; Jl. yellow.
9, P. supina : stem decumbent, dichotomous ; leaves
pinnate ; leaflets oblong, incisely serrate ; pedun
cles axillary, solitary, 1 -flowered.

IIAB. Overflowed banks. June— Aug. £>, Ft-
small j yellow.

POL Y ANDRIA.— MONO YGYN I A. 2 U

TO. P. palustris : root creeping ; stem ascend;;

leaves pinnate ; leaflets lanceolate, acutely ser-
rate ; petals lanceolate, acuminate, much shorter
than the calyx.
HAB. Swamps. June. U. Stem 10 in. high,
pubes. ; leafl. 5—7 ; /. large, dark purp.

11. P. pennsylvanica : erect, very soft, and somewhat

whitish villous ; leaves pinnate ; leaflets oblong,
obtuse, subpinnatifid, woolly ; panicle straight,
many-flowered ; segments of the calyx snrnioval.
HAB. Pennsylvania, &c. July — Aug. U. Stems
num., 18 in. high; Icav. interrupt., pin.

12. P. conferti flora : viscous and very hairy; stem

erect, nearly simple ; leaves somewhat interrupt-
edly pinnate ; leaflets roundish-ovate, doubly and
incisely dentate, oblique ; stipule* ov;»te, acute,
entire ; flowers clustered, subsessile ; leaflets oi
the calyx unequal, oblong, acute ; petals obovate
longer than the calyx.
HAD. Rocky hills. June. U- Stem brownish
pubes., 2 ft. high; fl. ydl.-wh.

333. FRAGARIA. Strawberry. Rosacecr.
1\ virginiana : leaflets broad-oval, smoothish above

the lateral ones distinctly petiolate ; hairs of the

petiole spreading ; of the peduncles oppressed ;

fructiferous ; calyx spreading.
JiAB. Fields and woods. May— June. jj . Stem

sarment. ; fl. wh. ; jr. red.

CALYCANTHUS. Carolina Allspice. Rosacea

C. lorvigatuj: segments of the calyx lance
leaves oblong or oval, gradually acuminate, some
what rugose, smooth and green on both side*
blanches straight, erect.

HAT.. Mountains. Shrub 4—4 ft. high j lea
ti large, purp., odor.

POLY AND III A.
MONOGYNIA.

T1LIA, < '«/. inferior, 5-parted. deciduous.

312 POLYANDRIA.— MONOGTNIA.

5. Cap. globose, 5-celled, 5-valved, opening at
the base ; (by abortion 1 -celled, 1 — 2-seeded.)

336. HELIANTHEMUM. Cal. 5-leaved; exterior

leaflets smaller. Pet. 5. Caps, superior, 1-
celled, 3-valved ; valves septiferous in the mid-
dle. Seeds angular.

337. HUDSON I A. Cal. tubular, 5-parted, unequal.

Pet. 5. Stam. l\5— 30. Caps. 1 -celled, 3-val-
ved, 1 — 3-seeded.

338. PORTULACCA. Cal. inferior, bifid. Pet. 5.

Caps. 1 -celled, opening circularly. Recept. un-
connected, 5-lobed.

339. TALINUM. Cal. 2— 5-leaved, inferior. Pet. 5.

Caps. 1 -celled, 3-valved, many-seeded. Recept.
globose. Seeds axillate.

340. CHELIDONIUM. Cal. 2-leaved, deciduous. Pet.

4. Stig. small, sessile, bifid. Caps, elongated,
silique-form, 2-valved, 1 -celled, linear. Seeds
numerous, crested.

341. MECONOPSIS. Cal. 2-leaved, deciduous. Pet.

4. Style distinct ; stig. 4 — 6-rayed. Caps, ob-
long, mostly echinate, 1 -celled, 4 — 6-valved ;
recept. slender.

342. ARGEMONE. Cal. 3-leaved, deciduous. Pet,

4 — 6. Stig. sessile, capitate, 4— 7-rayed. Caps.
ovate, angular, 1 -celled, opening at the summit
by valves ; recep. linear. Seeds spherical, scro-
bicular.

343. SANGUINARIA. Col. 2-leaved, deciduous. "Pet.

about 8. Stig. didymous. Caps, oblong, 2-
valved, 1 -celled, acute at each end; valves de*
ciduous ; recept. 2, persistent.

344. PODOPHYLLUM. Col. 3-leaved. Pet. about

9. Stig. large, crenate, sessile. Caps? 1 -cell
ed, many-seeded, at length berry-like ; recept..
unilateral, large and pulpy.

345. ACTiEA. Cal. 4-leaved, deciduous. Pet. 4,

often wanting. Stig. sessile, capitate. Berry
superior, 1 -celled, many-seeded. Seeds hemi-
spherical.

346. SARRACENIA. Cal. double, persistent; exte

rior smaller, 3-leaved ; interior 5-leaved. Pet

5, deciduous. Stig. very large, persistent, pel*

POLYANDRIA.— POLYGYNIA. 213

tate, covering the stamens. Caps. 5-ccllcd, 5-
valved, many-seeded.
*47, NUPHAR. Cal. 5— 6-leaved. Pet. numerous.,
minute, inserted with the stamens upon the re-
ceptacle. Stig. disk-form, radiate. ^Pericarp
berry-like, many-celled, many-seeded.
NYMPHjEA. Cal. 4— 5-leaved. Pet. numerous,
inserted upon the germens beneath the stamens.
Stig. disk-form, radiate. Pericarp berry-like
many-celled, many-seeded.

DI-PEKTAGYNIA.

349. DELPHINIUM. Cal. petaloid, deciduous, irre-

gular.

350. ACONITUM. Cal. petaloid, irregular.

551, AQU1LEGIA. Cal. 5-leaved, petaloid, deciduous.
Petals 5, terminating below in a spurred nec-
tary. Cap*. 5, erect, acuminate with the styles,,
many-seeded.

352. CIMICIFUGA. Cal. 4— 5-leaved. Pet. 4— 8;.

(sometimes wanting.) Caps. 4 — 5, oblong,,
manv-seeded.

353. ASCYBUM. Cal 4-leaved ; the 2 interior leaf-

lets larger and cordate. Pet. 4. Stam. subpo-
lyadelphous. Styles 1 — 3. Caps. 1 -celled.
554, HYPERICUM. Cal. 5- parted ; segments equal.
Pet. 5. Stam. polyadelphous. Styles 1 — 5.
Caps, membranaceous, 1 — 5-ccllcd.

POLYGYNIA.

MAGNOLIA. Cat. 3-leaved. Pet. G— 9. Cap
sides 2-valved, I -seeded, imbricated in a cone
SeeHi berried, pendulous on a verv long funicului
, LIRIODENDRON. Cal. 3-Ieaved, Pet.6. Sa-
maras sublanceolate, I — 2-secded, imbricated in
a cone.

kSIMINA. Cal. 3-parted. Pet. G, spreading,
ovate-oblong ; the interior .-miller. Antk. sub-
sessile. Merries several, ovate, sessile, many-
led.
' tfATIS. Invol. 0, *T calvcibum Cal. I

214 POLYANDRIA.— P0LYGYN1A.

leaved, coloured. Pet. 0, or very short. Seeds
with a long, mostly plumose cauda.

359. ANEMONE. Invol. 3-leaved, distant from the

flower; leaflets divided. Cal. petaloid, 5 — 15-
leaved. Ptt. 0. Seeds numerous.

360. THALICTKUM. Invol. 0. Cal. 4— 5-leaved,

petaloid. Pet. 0. Seeds without awns.

361. HYDRASTIS. Cal. 3-leaved, petaloid; leaflets

ovate. Pet. 0. Berry composed of many 1-
seeded grains.
•362. CALTHA. Cal. coloured, 5-leaved ; leaflets or-
bicular, petaloid. Caps. 5—10, compressed,
spreading, 1 -celled, many-seeded.

363. COPTIS. Cal. 5— 6-leaved, coloured and peta-

loid, J, ciduous. Pet. small, cucullate. Capsules
5 — F. stipulate, diverging, ovate-oblong, 4 — 6-
seeded, rostrate.

364. TROLLIUS. Cal. 5— 15-leaved, petaloid, deci-
. duous. Pet. 5 — 20, small, tubular at the base.

Capsules sessile, subcylindrical, many- seeded.
865. HEPATICA. Invol. 3-leaved, near the flower,
resembling a calyx ; leaflets entire. Cal. 6 — 9-
leave'i, petaloid, disposed in several series.
Seeds without awns.

366. RANUNCULUS. Cal. 5-leaved. Pet. 5, with a

nectariferous pore at the base, on the inside.
Capsules numerous, ovate, shortly mucronate,
1 -seeded, not opening.

367. BRASENIA. Cal. 3-leaved. Pet. 3—4. Peri-

carp oblong, 2-seeded. Seeds pendulous.

368. NELUMBIUM. Cal. petaloid, 4— 6-leaved. Pet

numerous. Pericarps numerous, deeply im-
mersed in the upper surface of a turbinate re-
ceplacie ; {torus.) Seed large, round, solitary

POLYANDRIA.
POLYGYNIA.

335. TILIA. Lime, or Linden. Tiliacece.

I. T. glabra : leaves round-cordate, abruptly acumi-
oate, acutely serrate, subcoriaceous, smooth ; pe~

POLYANDRIA.— P0LYGYN1A. 215

fals truncate at the apex, crenate ; style as long as
the petals, equal ; fruit ovate, subcordate.

HAB. Woods. June. A large tree ; fl. cymose ;
yell.-wh.,ped. winged.
2. T. pubescens : leaves truncate at the base, oblique,
denticulate-serrate, pubescent beneath ; petals
emarginate ; styles longer than the petals ; fruit
globose, smooth.

HAB. Banks of rivers. June. A large tree.
>. T. laxiflora : leaves cordate, gradually acuminate,
sparingly toothed, membranaceous, smooth ; pani
cle loose ; petals emarginate ; styles longer than
the petals ; fruit globose.

HAB. Near the sea-coast. June.

336. HELIANTHEMUM. CMnea.

\. H. canadense: without stipules; erect, hairy,
leaves erect, linear-lanceolate, flat, paler j^eneath ;
raceme terminal, few-flowered ; segments of the
calyx broad-ovate ; capsule shorter than the calyx.

HAB. Dry fields and woods. June. If.. A foot
high ; fl. yellow ; cal. hairy.
2. H. ramuliflorum : without stipules, erect, pulveru-
lent-tomentose ; leaves oblong, acute ; margin a
little revolute, whitish beneath ; racemes very
short ; segments of the calyx roundish, pulveru-
lent ; capsule globose, as long as the calyx.

HAB. Sandy fields. lj. . July. Fl. yellow; style
very short ; cal. hairy.
I 11. corymbosum : suffrutescent, without stipule*,
erect, branched, pubescent ; leaves alternate,
lanceolate, hoary-tomentose beneath ; flower-
crowded, in iastigiate corymbs ; segments of the
calyx ovate, acute ; capsule scarcely as long as the
calyx.

11AB. Sandy fields. June — Aug. Fl. very saw 1 !
often apct.

337. HUDSONIA. Usiinccc.

1. II. ericoides : pubescent ; suberect ; branches elou
gated, leaves filiform, sub' newhat imbri-

cate ; peduncles numeror: ! calyx cy-

216 POLYANDRIA.— POLYGYNIA,

lindrical, obtuse ; capsule pubescent, 1 -seeded :
valves oblong.

HAB. Pine barrens. May — June. V Stem 4 —
6 in. high ; leav. persist. ; Jl. sm. yellow.

.H. tomentosa : cespitose, hoary-pubescent ; leaves
minute, closely imbricate, ovate, acute ; flowers
aggregated, subsessile ; calyx subcylindric ; seg-
ments obtuse ; capsule smooth.

HAB. Sea-shore. June. "k. Stem 6 in. high, in-
tricate : ft. num.) yellow.

338. PORTULACCA. Purslane. Portulacea:

P. oleracea : leaves cuneiform, smooth ; flowers

sessile.
HAB. Cultivated grounds, &c. May — Aug. <3>.

Spreading, succul. ; Jl. yellow. §.

339. TALINUM. Portulaceai.

T. tcretifolium: leaves terete, subulate, fleshy:
scape cyraose ; flowers pedunculate, polyandrous ;
calyx 2-leaved.

HAB. Rocks. July. $ . Subcespit. ; leav. crowd. ;
rad. • Jl. pur p.

340. CHELIDONIUM. Celandine. Papaveracece.

C. majus: leaves pinnate, lobed ; segments round-
ed ; umbels axillary, pedunculate ; petals elliptic
cal, entire.

HAB. Along fences, &c. May— Oct. U. Plant
yielding an orange juice, branch. ; leav. glane. ; j\
>{ellow. §.

311. MECONOPSIS. Papaveracev.

M. diplujlla : leaves 2. sessile, hairy; lobes rounded
and obtuse, subundulate : capsule 4-valved, echi
nate.

HAB. Shady woods, &c. May. U. JL foot high:
glauc. and subpilose ; Jl. yellow.

342. ARGEMOME. Prickly poppy. Papaveraccv:
A. mexioana.

POLYANDRIA.— MONOGYNIA. 217

HAB. Banks of rivers. July. 0. Leav. pinna-
tif., spiny ; fl. axill, and term., large, yellow or
while.

343. SANGUINARIA. Blood-root. Papaveracece.

S. canadensis*

HAB. Fertile woods. April — May. U . Root tub.

■with a bitter juice; leav. rad.,renif. ; fl. large, wh..

solit.

344. PODOPHYLLUM. May-apple. Podophyllaceo:.

P. peltatum : stem erect, 2-leaved ; leaves peltate.
HAB. Woods. May. U . Stem V ft. high; leav*
lobed; Jl. sol. wh. ; fr. ovate.

345. ACTiEA. Bane-berry. Ranunculacea.

A. americana : leaves twice and thrice ternate ; ra-
ceme ovate ; petals shorter than the stamens ; ber-
ries ovate-oblong.

ec. alba : petals truncate ; pedicels of the fruit
thicker than the peduncle ; berries white.

/3. rubra : petals acute ; pedicels of the fruit slender ;
berries red.

HAB. Rocky woods. May. H . Stem 2 ft. high :
leafi. ovate-Ian., incis. ; fl. wh.

346. SARRACENIA. Side-saddle flower.

S. purpurea: leaves much shorter than the scape.

inflated; ventral wing arched; appendix erect.

broad-cordate, undulate, not mucronate.
HAB, Sphagnous swamps. June — July. Leav. alt

Tad., large and tubular, open at the top ; scape \ ft

high; fl. large, sol.,.purp.
/3. ; flowers yellow.

•147. NUPHAR. Yellow Pond-lily. .Xymphccacew.

1. N. advena : calyx G-leaved ; petals numerous ; fruit
sulcate ; leaves cordate, with divaricate I
petioles semicylindrical.
T

218 POLYANDRIA.— DI-PENTAGYNIA.

HAB. In water. June — July. U . Lcav. upright
or floating; fl. large, depress., yellow.
2. N. Kalmiana : calyx 5-leaved ; stigmas incised, 8 —
12-rayed ; leaves cordate, with approximate lobes ;
petioles roundish.
HAB. In water. July — Aug. ty . Leav. and fl.
small; cat. equal.

348. NYMPHiEA. Water-lily. Nymphazacece.

N. odorata: leaves orbicular-cordate, entire ; nerves
and veins prominent ; calyx 4-leaved, equal to the
petals; stigma 16 — 20-rayed ; rays inflexed.

HAB. In water. June — July. \ . Leav. float. :
fl. large, wh., odorous.

DI-PENTAGYNIA.

349. DELPHINIUM. Larkspur. Ranunculacea:.

1. D. exaltalum : petioles not dilated at the base:

leaves flat, 3-cleft below the middle ; lobes cunei-
form, 3-cIeft at the apex, acuminate ; lateral one?
often 2-lobed ; raceme straight ; spur longer than
the calyx ; capsules 3.
HAB. Rocky woods. July U. Stem 2—4 //.
high ; fl. bine ; spur straight.

2. D. azureum: petioles slightly dilated at the base;

leaves 3— 5-parted, many-cleft; lobes linear ; ra-
ceme straight ; petals densely bearded ; flowers on
short pedicels.
HAB. Woods. May. U- Stem 2 ft. high ; fli
large, light blue.

350. ACONITUM. Wolf's-bane. Ranuncularev.
A. uncinatum : panicle rather loose, with diverging

branches ; galea conical ; spur inclined, somewhat
spiral; styles 3 — 5; leaves 3-lobed ; lobes equal.
HAB. Mountain swamps. Sept. U. Fl. large,
blue.

351. AQUILEGIA. Columbine. Ranunculacea;.
A. canadensis : spurs straight ; styles and stamens
exserted; calyx rather acute, longer than the pc-

POLYANDRIA.— DI-PENTAGYNIA. 219

lals ; division of the leaves 3-parted, rather obtuse,
incisely toothed.
HAB. Rocks. April— May. U- Fl. pend., scarl.
ext., yell, int.; Jr. erect.

352. CIMICIFUGA. Black Snake-root. Ranunculaceo:.

C. racemosa : leaves ternately decompound ; leaflets
ovate-oblong, incised and dentate ; racemes pani-
culate, elongated ; flowers with one style ; capsule
ovate.

HAB. Rocky woods. June— July. U . Stem 4—
2 ft. high; ft. wk.; pet. 0.

353. ASCYRUM. St. Peter's-wort. Hypericinece.

1. A. Crux ■- Andrew : stems numerous, assurgent, suffru-

ticose ; leaves lanceolate-oblong, obtuse ; interior-
leaflets of the calyx suborbicular ; pedicels bibrac-
teate ; flowers sessile, with 2 styles.
HAB. Pine barrens. July— Aug. Stems 6 — 3 in.
highfl. num.. yellow ; pet. narrow.

2. A. stans : stem fruticose, winged, straight ; leaves

ovate-elliptical, obtuse, glaucous ; interior leaflets
of the calyx cordate, orbicular ; stamens united
at the base, styles 2.
HAB. Pine barrens. Aug. Stem lft. high ; branch,
straight ; fl. yellow.

354. HYPERICUM. St. John's- wort. Hypericinece.

* Styles 5 ; Stam. numerous, indefinite ; flowers yellow .

1. H. ascyroides : smooth; stem quadrangular, winged
at the base ; leaves sessile, oblong-lanceolate,
acute ; calyx ovate-lanceolate ; styles as long as
the stamens.
HAB. Low grounds. July. Stem 2 ft. high, simp.
or branch. ; fl. and, leav. lame.
:. II. Kaimianum : frutesccnt, much branched ; branches
quadrangular ; leaves linear-lanceolate ; flowers
3 — 7, in a terminal corymb ; calyx lanceolate, ra-
ther obtuse.
HAB. Wet rocks. August. Stem 2 — 1 ft. high ,
num.. fascic.f of en revol.

220 POLYANDRIA.— DI-PENTAGYNIA.

** Styles 3; stamens numerous, indefinite ; flowers yellow.

t Frutesnent.

3. H. prolificum: branches ancipital; leaves lanceo-

late-linear, rather obtuse, corymbs axillary and
terminal, few-flowered ; calyx lanceolate.
HAB. Pennsylvania. July.

4. H. galioides: branches quadrangular ; leaves linear*

sessile, revolnte on the margin, punctate ; panicles
terminal, dichotomous, and divaricate ; calyx linear ;
styles often united.
HAB. Wet sandy places. July — Sept. Stem 2 ft.
high.

tt» Herbaceous.

j. H. perforatum: stem ancipital ; leaves obtuse, ob-
long, with pellucid punctures ; flowers paniculate ;
calyx lanceolate ; styles diverging.
HAB\ Fields. June— Aug. uT A foot high;
branch. ; anth. black-punctate. §.

6. H. punclatum: stem terete, black-punctate ; leaves

oblong-oval, obtuse, amplexicaul ; flowers co-
rymbed, punctate ; calyx lanceolate.
HAB. Meadows and woods. June — Aug. U . Stem
2 ft. high; branch. ; Jl. small.

7. H. quinquenervium : erect, much branched, smooth ;

stem quadrangular ; leaves ovate, subcordate, ob-
tuse, sessile, about 5-nerved ; corymb dichoto-
mous ; calyx linear-lanceolate, longer than the
petals.
HAB. Wet places. June— Sept. $. Stem 6— 10
in. high ; Jl. very small, yellow.

8. H. canadense : stem erect and straight, 4- winged ;

leaves linear, attenuate at the base, rather obtuse ;
panicle elongated, dichotomous ; calyx lanceolate:
styles very short ; capsule conical.
HAB. Sandy places. June — July. © . Stem 6—
10 in. high ; fl. minute ; caps. red.

9. H. angulosum : erect ; stem qu idrangular ; leaves

distant, oblong-lanceolate, siibamplexicaul, acute :
panicle dichotomous, with the flowers alternate
calyx lanceolate, acute, subcarinate.

POLY ANDRIA.— POL YGYNIA. 221

HAB. Cedar swamps. Aug. U. Stem 1—1^ ft.

high ; jl. copper-colour.

10. H. Sarothra: erect, much branched above;

branches setaceous ; leaves minute, subulate,
appressed ; flowers terminal, subsolitary ; sta-
mens few ; capsule 1 -celled.
HAB. Sandy fields. June— Aug. ©. Stem 3—C
in. high; leav. inconspic. ; Ji minute.

*** Calyx of 5 equal leaves; styles 3 ; stamens nume-
rous,' somewhat definite ; (9 — 15 — 18.) distinctly
polyadelphous.

11. II. virginicum : stem terete, leaves oblong, am-

plexicaul, punctate, very obtuse, flowers pedun-
culate, in terminal and axillary peduncles ; calyx
lanceolate ; stamens mostly 9.
HAB. Swamps. July— Sept. H- Stem \ ft.
high i ji. middle-sized, reddish.

POLYGYRIA.

355. MAGNOLIA. Magnoliacece.

1. M. acuminata: leaves deciduous, oval, acuminate,

pubescent beneath ; flowers 6 — 9-petalled ; petals
obovate, rather obtuse.
HAB. Mountain valleys. June — July. Tree mid-
dle-sized ; jl. yell.-gr.

2. M. tripetala : leaves deciduous, oblong-lanceolate.,

acute, spreading ; pubescent when young, smooth

when mature ; petals 9 — 12, rather acute, the

3 exterior ones reflexed.
HAB. Mountain woods. June. A small tree ; leav.

and f . large.

T. glauca : leaves perennial, elliptical, obtuse ;

glaucous beneath ; flowers 9 — 1 2-pe tailed ; petals

obovate, concave.
HAB. Swamps. May — June. A small tree ; leav.

2 — 3 in. long ; Jl. odor

■ LIRIODfcNDUON. Tulip tree. Mfignoli

L,

T i

t'U POLYANDRIA.— POLYGYNIA.

IIAB. Woods. July. A large tree ; leav. 4-lobed,
truncate ; fl. large, sol., yell.-gr.

357. ASIMINA. Monacece.

A. triloba: leaves oblong-cuneate, acuminate, smooth-
ish ; flowers on short peduncles ; exterior petals
suborbicular, four times as long as the petals.

IIAB. Banks of rivers. May. A large shrub ; fl.
dark br. ; Jr. fleshy, large, edible.

358. CLEMATIS. Virgin's-bower. Ranunculacea.

t. C. virginiana: climbing; leaves ternate ; leaflets
ovate, subcordate, incisely toothed and lobed ;
acute ; flowers paniculate, dioecious.
HAB. Shady thickets. July— Aug. Tj. Stem long;
ft. white, i?i large dichot. pan.
I, C. Viorna: climbing; leaves pinnately compound \
segments ovate, entire, or 3-lobed, acute ; flower
solitary, campanulate ; leaflets of the calyx thick,
acuminate, reflexed at the apex.
IIAB. In copses, &c. June. T?. Fl. large, violet,
nodding; leav. smooth.
). C. ochroleuca : herbaceous, erect, simple, pubes-
cent ; leaves simple, ovate, very entire ; the
younger ones with the calyx silky ; flower termi-
nal, pedunculate, solitary, nodding.
HAB. Dry copses. June. U . A foot high; fl.
yell.-nh. ; jr. erect.

| Calyx 4-leaved ; petals numerous, minute. Atragene.

t. C. verticillaris: leaves verticillate in fours, ternate ;
leaflets cordate, nearly entire ; peduncles 1-flow-
crcd ; petals ac-ute.
HAB. Mountains. May— June. 1j. Climbing ;fl.
rery large, purp.

350. ANEMONE. Wind-flower. Ranunculacea. '

\. A. ncmorosa : £. quinquefolia : leaves ternate ; seg-
ments 5-parted, incisely dentate, lanceolate, acute ;
involucrum similar, petiolate ; stem 1-flowered ;
calvx 6-lcaved ; capsules awnless.

POLYANDRIA.— POLYGYNIA. 223

IIAB. Woods. April — May. U . Root black, tub. ;
stem 6 in. high; Jl. wh. or purplish.

2. A. lancifolia : leaves ternate ; leaflets lanceolate,

crenate-dentate ; calyx 5-leaved, leaflets ovate,
acute ; stem 1 -flowered.
HAB. High mountains. May — July. U . Fl. wh. ;
fr. ovate, with a short uncinate style.

3. A. pennsylvanica : leaves 3-parted ; lobes oblong,

incisely toothed at the apex ; involucrum similar,
sessile, bearing several pedicels, one of which is
naked and 1 -flowered, the others in volucellate ;
fruit pubescent.
HAB. Meadows. June — July. If. A foot high ;
pedunc. elong. ; jl. yell.-wh., large.

4. A. virginiana : leaves ternate ; segments 3-cleft,

acuminate, incisely toothed ; involucrum similar,
petiolate ; leaflets of the calyx acuminate ; fruit
oblong.
HAB. Woods. July. U . Stem2ft.high;Jl.gr.~
yell. ; cal. hairy ; caps, woolly.

3G0. THALICTRUM. Meadow-rue. Ranunculace«.
* Stamens longer than the calyx.

1. T. dioicum : very smooth; leaves decompound;

leaflets roundish, with obtuse lobes, glaucous be-
neath ; filaments filiform ; flowers dioecious.
HAB. Rocky woods. April. U . Stem 2 ft. high ;
Jl. panic, rose-col. ; fr. oval, striate.

2. T. pubescens : leaves decompound; leaflets ovate,

3-lobed, minutely and densely pubescent beneath ;
margin revolute ; filaments filiform ; flowers poly-
gamous.
HAB. Wet meadows. June — July. U. Stem A —
5 ft. high ; Jl. in large pan. ; cal. decid.

3. T. Cornuti : leaves decompound ; leaflets ovate, ob-

tusely 3-lobed, glaucous and a little pubescent on
the veins beneath ; flowers dioecious ; filaments
cl.ivatc ; fruit sessile, striate.
HAB. Wet meadows. June — July. Stem 2— 5 //.
high; Jl. gr. -yell. +.

4. T. rugosum: leaves decompound; leaflets o\

lanceolate, rugose, veined, obtusely lobed ; fl<-\\
ious, filaments filiform.

224 POLYANDRIA.—POLYGYNIA.

HAB. Swamps. June— Aug. Stem 3— b ft. high .;
Ji. in large pan., wh.

5. T. purpurascens : leaves compound, shorter than

the stem ; leaflets roundish, 3-cleft and incised :
panicles nearly leafless ; flowers cernuous ; sta-
mens coloured.
HAB. Dry hills. May— June. U . Plant small ;
stem and flam, purp. -f*»

** Stamens shorter than the petaloid calyx.

6. T. anemonoides : root tuberous ; flowers umbelied ;

floral leaves petiolate, resembling an involucrum ;
flowers perfect ; calyx 8 — 10-leaved.
HAB. Woods. April— May. U . Stem 6—8 in.
high ; leaji. smooth ; Jl. large, wh.

361. HYDRASTIS. Yellow-root. Ranunculacev.

H. canadensis.

HAB. Rocky woods. May. U. Stem 6 in. high,
1 — 2-leav. ; leav. incis., pubes. ; Jl. solit., red-wh.,
fr. fleshy, red.

362. CALTHA. Marsh-marigold. Ranunculaceoe.

}. C. palustris : stem erect; leaves cordate, subor-
bicular, obtusely crenate.
HAB. Swamps. April— June. If. Afoot high,
dichot. ; leav. petiol. ; Jl. large, yellow.

2. C. integerrima : stem erect, corymbed ; leaves or-
bicular-cordate, very entire, with the sinus closed ;
floral ones sessile, reniform, obscurely crenate at
the base ; leaflets of the calyx obovate.
HAB. Wet meadows, &c. May— July. U. Fl.
corymb., smaller than in No. 1.

:■;. C. parnassifolia : stem erect, 1-flowered, 1-leaved ;
radical leaves, cordate-ovate, very obtuse ; many-
nerved ; leaflets of the calyx elliptical.
HAB. Cedar swamps. June — July. V-. Fl. mid-
dle-sized, deep yellow.

U C. Jlabellifolia : stem procumbent, many-flowered;
leaves dilated-reniform ; lobes widely spreading,
acutely dentate ; leaflets of the calyx obovate :
capsules uncinate.

POLYANDRIA.— POLYGYNIA. 225

HAB. Mountain springs. July — Aug. If. Afoot
high ; fl. middle-sized, yellow.

363. COPTIS. Ranunculaceoe.

C. trifolia : leaves ternate ; leaflets obovate, ob-
tuse, dentate, obscurely 3-lobed ; scape 1-flow-
ered.

HAB. Swamps. May — June. "U. Leav. on long
pet. ; scape 6 in. high ; fl. wh.

364. TRGLLIUS. Rununculacea.

T. laxus : calyx spreading ; leaflets 5 — 10, oblong j
petals (nectaries) shorter than the stamens.

HAB. Woods. June. V-. Stem 1 foot high; leaves
palm. ; fl. large, yellow.

365. HEPATICA. Liverwort. Ranunculaceee.

H. triloba : leaves cordate, 3-lobed ; lobes entire ; pe-
tioles and scape hairy.

et. ohhisa : lobes of the leaves rounded, obtuse.

/S. acuta : lobes of the leaves acute.

HAB. oc. In woods : /3. On mountains. April —
May. 11. Scape lfl. ; fl. blue.

366. RANUNCULUS. Crowfoot. Ranunculaceee.

*. Pericarps transversely rugose.-striate ; petals white.

1. R. aquatilis : Q. capillace.us : *tem filiform, floating ;
leaves all immersed, and filiformlv dissected ; pe-
tals obovate, longer than the calyx.
HAB. In brooks, &c. July — Aug. If. Stem long ;
leav. peliol. ; fl. small ; caL pubes.

**. Pericarps smooth, short, ovate, collected into a round
ish head ; flowers yellow.

]. Leaves undivided.

1. U. Lingua: leaves lanceolate, subserrate, sessile,
^miamplexicaul ; stem erect, smooth.

$26 POLYANDRIA.— POLYGYNIA.

HAB. Borders of lakes, &c. July. V. Stem 2—
3 ft. high, succul. ; fl. large, yellow.

3. R. Flammula : leaves smooth, linear-lanceolate, or

subovate, nearly entire, the lower oues petiolate ;
stem more or less decumbent, rooting ; peduncles
opposite to the leaves.
HAB. Swamps. June— July. Ifi. Stem 12—18
in. high, succul. ; fl. smaller than No. 2.

4. R. pusillus : leaves all on long petioles ; the inferior

ones ovate, subdentate ; superior linear-lanceolate ;
stems numerous, erect ; petals mostly 3, as long as
the calyx.
HAB. Wet places. July. H. A span high; rad,
leav. cord. ; fl. minute.

5. R. Cymbalaria : radical leaves petiolate, smooth;

somewhat fleshy, cordate-reniform, coarsely cre-
nate ; scapes naked, elongated, 1 — 4-flowered ; pe-
tals linear, as long as the calyx.
HAB. Salt marshes. July — Aug. If. Scapes 2 —
6 in. high, often stolonif. ; fl. sm. ; fr. oblong.

6. R. reptans : /3. flliformis : leaves linear-subulate ;

stems filiform,, creeping, geniculate ; joints 1»
flowered.
HAB. River banks. July — Aug. If.. Stems 6— *
10 in. long ; fl. small ; fr. very smooth.

It- Leaves divided.

7. R. abortivus : leaves smooth ; radical ones petiolate,
cordate-orbicular, crenate ; stem leaves ternate
and 3-cleft, with linear segments ; calyx smooth, a
little longer than the petals.
HAB. Rocky woods. April — June. If. A foot
high ; fl. small ; fr. ovate, compress.

3. R. sceleratus : leaves smooth ; radical ones petio-
late, 3-parted ; divisions 3-lobed, obtuse, subin-
cised ; superior 3-parted, with oblong-linear entire
lobes ; calyx pubescent ; fruit linear-oblong.
HAB. Ditches, &c. May— Aug. If.. Afoot high.,
much branch. ; stem succul. ; fl. small.

POLYANDRIA.— POLYGYNIA. 227

9. R. mukifidus : floating ; leaves all cleft into nume-

rous capillary segments, with axillary leaflets ; pe-
tals 5 — 8, obovate, twice as long as the calyx ; nec-
tary concave.
HAB. Stagnant waters. May — June. U. Stem
3 — 4 ft. long ; fl. large, shining.

10. R. acris : leaves mostly pubescent, 3-parted ; lobes
incisely toothed, acute ; upper ones linear ; stem
erect, many-flowered ; peduncles not sulcate ; ca-
lyx spreading, subvillous.

HAB. Wet meadows. June. U . Stem 2 ft. high,
pubes. ; fl. large; cal. reflex. §.

11. R. hispidus : erect, branched; stem and petioles

with stiff spreading hairs ; leaves ternate ; leaflets
acutely lobed ; pubescence of the pedicels ap-
pressed ; calyx appressed.
HAB. Wet places. May. 1/. Stem 11 ft. high,
"very hairy ; fl. large.

12. R. recurvaius : erect; stem and petioles with

spreading hairs ; leaves 3-parted, hairy ; segments
broad-oval, subincised ; the lateral ones 2-lobed ;
calyx reflexed ; petals lanceolate ; pericarps unci-
nate.
HAB. In woods. May — July. U . A foot high ;
leav. subpentang. ; fl. very small.

13. R. pennsylvanicus : erect; stem and petioles very

hairy ; the hairs rigid and spreading ; leaves
ternate, villous ; segments subpetiolate, acutely
3-lobed, incisely serrate ; calyx reflexed ; peri-
carps with a straight style.
HAB. Wet meadows. June— Aug. n.? Stem IK
in. high; branch. ; fl. large ; fr. in obi. heads.

14. R. fascicularis : erect, branched; leaves pubes-

cent, ternate ; the middle segment deeply 3-cleft ;
lateral ones remotely 3-lobed ; calyx spreading,
villous, shorter than the petals.
1IAB. Rocky woods. April — May. %. Root fas -
cic.;fl. large; nect.flat, cuneif.
15 R. bvlbosus : hairy ; radical leaves ternate ; leaflets
petiolate, 3-cleft, incisely dentate, stem ererl
bulbous at the base ; calyx reflexed ; pedtmclej
sulcate.

228 DIDYNAMIA.— GYMNOSPERMIA.

HAB. Pastures, &c May— July. U. Stem 12—
18 in. high ; ji. large ; plant acrid.
36. R. marilandicus : stem erect, somewhat branched,
soft-hairy ; leaves smoothish, ternate ; leaflets 3-
lobed ; lobes oblong, acute, incisely-dentate ; ca-
lyx smooth, spreading, shorter than the petal?.
HAB. Woods. May — July. 11 . Pericarps com-
pres., acum., with a straight style.
17. R. repens : leaves ternate; leaflets cuneate, 3-
lobed, incisely-dentate ; middle one petiolate ;
main stems prostrate ; flowering ones erect ; pe-
duncles sulcate ; calyx appressed.
HAB. Wet meadows. June — Sept. H . Stem
1 — 2 ft. high ; fl. middle sized.

367. BRASENIA. Water-target. Podophyllaceu.

B. Hydropeltis.

HAB. Ponds. July — Aug. 1}. . Floating ; leaves

oval, centrally peltate, very entire ; purp. and gelat.

beneath ; ji. sol., purp., on long pedunc.

3G8. NELUMBIUM. Water-chinquepin. Nympheaceaz.

N. luteum : corolla many-petalled ; anthers produced
into a linear appendage at the extremity ; leaves
peltate, orbicular, very entire.

HAB. In lakes. July. U . Petioles and pedunc.
scab. ; ji. very large, yellow.

DIDYNAMIA.

GYMNOSPERMIA.

* Calyx mostly 5-cleft, subregular.

369. TEUCR1UM. Upper lip of the Cor. wanting, but

a fissure in its place, through which the stamens
• are exserted.

370. MENTHA. Cor. subregular, 4-lobed ; the broader

segment emarginate. Stam. erect, distant.

371. I SAN THUS. Cal. subcampanulale. Cor. 5-

parted ; tube straight and narrow : segments of

DIDYNAMIA.— GYMNOSPERMIA. 229

the border equal. Stam, subequal. Stig. linear,
recurved.
172. HYSSOPUS. Lower lip of the Cor. 3-parted:
middle segment crenate. Stam. straight, distant.

373. NEPETA. CW. arid, striate. Tube of the Cor.

rather long, intermediate segment of the lower
lip crenate, margin of the orifice reflexed. Stam.
approximate.

374. LAMIUM. Upper lip of the Cor. vaulted, entire ;

lower lip 2-lobed, toothed on each side.

375. GALEOPSIS. Upper lip of the Cor. vaulted,

notched ; lower lip 3-lobed, 2-toothed above.

376. STACHYS. Upper lip of the Cor. vaulted,

lower lip 3-lobed ; the lateral lobes reflexed.
Stam. reflexed to the sides after flowering.

377. LEONURUS. Cal. 5-angled. Upper lip of the

Cor. entire, flat, erect ; lower lip 3-parted ;
middle segment entire. Anth. sprinkled with
shining dots.

378. GLECHOMA. Upper lip of the Cor. bifid. Anth.

approaching each other in pairs, and forming a
cros^.

379. MARRUBIUM. Cal. 10-ribbed. Upper lip of

of the Cor. linear, straight, cleft.
379. PYCNANTHEMUM. Heads surrounded by an
involucrum of many bracts. Cal. tubular, stri-
ate. Upper lip of the Cor. nearly entire ; lower
lip 3-cleft. Stam. nearly equal, distant ; cells
of the Anth. parallel.

** Calyx bilabiate.
381. CLINOPODIUM. Whorls surrounded by a se-
taceous involucrum. — Upper lip of the Cor. flat.
emarginate.
302. ORIGANUM. Flowers collected into a dense, 4-
sided spike. Upper lip of the Cor. straight,
flat, emarginate.
383. DRACOCEPHALUM. Orifice of the Cor. infla-
ted ; upper lip concave. Stam. unconnected.
PRUNELLA. Upper lip of the Cal. dilate.!

Filam. forked, one of the points antheriferous.
SCUTELLARIA. Upper lip of the Cal. covering
the fruit like an operculum.
U

230 DIDYNAMIA.— ANGIOSPERMIA.

386. TRICHOSTEMA. Cal. resupinate. Upper lip

of the Cor. falcate. Stam. very long, and in-
curved.

ANGIOSPERMIA.

*. Calyx 5-cleft.

387. PHRYMA. Cal. cylindric ; upper lip longer, 3-

cleft ; lower lip bidentate. Upper lip of the
Cor. emarginate ; lower much larger. Seed so-
litary.

388. VERBENA. Cal. with one of the teeth truncate.

Cor. infundibuliform ; limb 5-cleft, unequal.
Stam. 2 — 4. Seeds 2 — 4, enclosed in a thin
evanescent pericarp.

389. ZAPANIA. Flowers capitate. Cal. 5-toothed.

Cor. 5-lobed. Slam. 4, fertile. Stig. peltately
capitate, oblique. Seeds 2, at first enclosed in
an evanescent pericarp.

390. HERPESTIS. Cal. unequal, bibracteate at the

base. Cor. tubular, subbilabiate. Stam. inclu-
ded, all fertile. Caps. 2-valved, 2-celled ; dis-
sepiment parallel with the valves.

391. LIMOSELLA. Cal. 5-cleft. Cor. 4— -5-lobed,

equal. Stam. approximating by pairs. Caps. 2- '
valved, partly 2-celled, many-seeded.

392. SCROPHULARIA. Cor. subglobose, resupinate,

shortly bilabiate, with an internal intermediate
scale. Caps. 2-celled.

393. BIGNONIA. Cal. 5-toothed, cyathiform, partly

coriaceous. Cor. campanulate, 5-lobed, ventri-
cose on the under side. Silique 2-celled. Seeds
membranaceously winged.

394. RUELLIA. Cal. often bibracteate. Cor. sub-

campanulate ; border 5-lobed. Stam. approxi-
mating by pairs. Caps, attenuated at each ex-
tremity, bursting with elastic teeth. Seeds few.

395. BUCHNERA. Cal. 5-toothed. Tube of the tor.

slender ; border 5-cleft, nearly equal ; lobes
cordate. Caps. 2-celled.

396. ANTIRRHINUM. Cal. 5-parted. Cor. per-

sonate or ringent, with a prominent or spurred

DIDYNAMIA.— ANGIOSPERMIA. 231

nectary at the base. Caps. 2-celled, bursting at
the summit, with reflected teeth.

397. COLLINSIA. Cal. 5-cleft. Cor. bilabiate, ori-

fice closed ; upper lip bifid ; the lower trifid ;
intermediate segment carinately saccate, and
closed over the declinate style and stamens.
Caps, globose, partly 1 -celled, and imperfectly
4-valved. Seeds 2 — 3, umbilicate.

398. GERARDIA. Cal. half 5-cleft, or 5-toothed.

Cor. subcampanulate, unequally 5-lobed ; seg-
ments mostly rounded. Caps. 2-celled, opening
at the summit.

399. PEDICULARIS. Cal. ventricose, half 5-cleft.

Upper lip of the Cor. arched, laterally com-
pressed, emarginate. Caps. 2-celled, oblique,
mucronate. Seeds angular.

400. M1MULUS. Cal prismatic, 5-toothed. Cor.

ringent ; upper lip reflexed at the sides ; palate
of the lower lip prominent. Stig. thick, bifid.
Caps. 2-celled, many seeded. Seeds minute.

401. CHELONE. Cal. 5-parted, with 3 bracts. Cor.

ringent, ventricose. Sterile filam. shorter than
the rest ; anthers woolly. Caps. 2-celied, 2-
valved. Seeds membranaceously margined.

402. PENTSTEMON. Cal. 5-leaved. Cor. bilabi-

ate, ventricose. The fifth steril filament longer
than the rest, and bearded on the upper side.
Caps, ovate, 2-celled, 2-valved. Seeds nume-
rous, angular.

403. MARTYNIA. Cal. 5-cleft. Cor. ringent. Caps.

ligneous, corticate, 4-celled, 2-valved, each of
the valves terminating in a long hooked beak.

** Calyx 4-cleft.

101. SCHWALBEA. Cal. ventricose-tubular ; upper
segment shortest ; the lower large and emargi-
nate. Cor. ringent ; upper lip entire, arched.
Caps, ovate-oblong, 2-celled, 2-valved ; dissepi-
ment produced by the inflected margin of the
valves, and parallel with the longitudinal re-
ceptacle. Seeds numerous, imbricated, linear,
winged.

232 DIDYNAMIA.— GYMNOSPERMIA,.

405. EUCHROMA. CaL ventricose, 2— 4-cleft. Cor,
bilabiate ; upper lip very long and linear, em-
bracing the style and stamens. Anth. linear,
with unequal lobes, all cohering in the form of
an oblong disk. Cops, ovate, compressed, 2-
celled. Seeds numerous, surrounded with a mem-
branaceous inflated vesicle.

40G. BARTSIA. CaL 4-cleft. Cor. ringent; upper
lip concave, entire. Anth. equally lobed, un-
combined. Caps. 2-celled. Seeds angular.

407. MELAMPYRUM. Ca/. 4-cleft. Upper lip of the

Cor. compressed ; margin folded back ; lower lip
grooved, trifid, subequal. Caps. 2-celled, ob-
lique, opening on one side ; cells 2-seeded.
Seeds cartilaginous, cylindric-oblong, smooth.

408. OROBANCHE. CaL 4— 5-cleft ; segments often

unequal. Cor. ringent. Caps, ovate, acute.
1 -celled. Seeds numerous. A gland beneath
the base of the germen.

409. EPIPHEGUS. Polygamous.— CaL abbreviated,

5-toothed. Cor. of the infertile flower ringent, .
compressed, 4-cleft; lower lip flat : corolla of
the fertile flower minute, 4-toothed, deciduous.
Caps, truncate, oblique, 1-celled, imperfectly 2
valved, opening only on one side,

DIDYNAMIA.
GYMNOSPERMIA.

369. TEUCRIUM. Germander. Labiate.

1. T. cana dense: hoary-pubescent; leaves ovate-lan-
ceolate, serrate, all petiolate ; stem erect ; spike
verticillate, crowded, long.
HAB. Low grounds. July — Aug. U. Siem 12 —
18 til. high ; bracts longer than the cal. ; fl. purp.

?. T. vireiriicum: pubescent; leaves ovate-oblong, ser-
rate ; the upper ones subsessile ; stem erect ;
spikes verticillate, crowded ; bracts longer than
the calyx.
HAB. Low grounds. June — Aug. U . Pvesem
bles the foregoing, + .

DIDYNAMIA.— GYMNOSPERMIA. 233

370. MENTHA. Mint. Labiatce.

1. M. viridis : spikes interrupted ; leaves sessile, lan-

ceolate, acute, naked ; bracts setaceous, and with
the teeth of the calyx somewhat hairy.
HAB. Low grounds. Aug. U. Afoot high; leav.
smooth; spik. long ; fl. purp. §.

2. M. canadensis: flowers verticillate ; leaves lance-

olate, serrate, petiolate, hairy ; stamens as long as
the corolla.

HAB. Sandy soils. Aug.— Sept. 14. A foot high;
fl. pale purp.
o. M. borealis : ascending, pubescent ; leaves petio-
late, oval-lanceolate, acute at each end ; flowers
verticillate ; stamens exsert.

HAB. Low grounds. July— Sept. H • Stem 2 ft.
high, hairy backwards.

371. ISANTHUS. Labiatx.

S. cceruleus.

HAB. River shores. July — Aug. © . Viscid-pu-

bes., 1 ft. high; leav. oval-Ian. , acute, 3-nerved :

fl. axill., pedunc, blue.

372. HYSSOPUS. Hyssup. Labiata.

H. nepetoides: spikes verticillate, cylindric ; leaves
subcordate, ovate, acuminate, dentate.

HAB. Woods. July. U . Stem 4—6 ft. high,
pubes. ; fl. yell.-wh., or pale purp.

373. NEPETA. Catnep. Labiatce.

N. Cataria: flowers spiked ; whorls slightly pedun-
culate ; leaves petiolate, cordate, dentate, serrate.

HAB. Fields, &c. June— Sept. i|. . Stem 2—3
ft. high ; fl. ?vh. punc. §.

374. LAMIUM. Dead-nettle. Labiata,

L. umplexicaule : floral leaves broadly cordate, ses-
sile, amplexicaul, crenate, or ia«ised ; lower onc-
petiolate-

U 2

I DIDYNAMIA.— GYMNOSPERMIA.

II AB. Cultivated grounds. April — Nov. 0. Stem
6 — 8 in. high, suberect ; Jl. red. §.

375. GALEOPSIS. Hemp-nettle. Labiatm.

G. Tetrahit : stem hispid incrassated between the
joints ; leaves ovate, hispid, serrate ; corolla twice
as Ions as the calyx ; upper lip nearly straight.

HAB. Waste grounds. July — Aug. 0. Stem 1 —
2 ft. high ; Jl. verticilL, purp. §.

G. Ladunum : stem hairy ; internodes not swollen ;
leaves lanceolate, subserrate, hairy ; upper lip of
the corolla slightly crenate.

HAB. Waste grounds. July. ©. A foot high;
pet. very short ; Jl. rose-col. §.

376. STACHYS. Woundwort. Labiates.

, S. hyssopifolia : scarcely pubescent, erect, slender ;
leaves sessile, linear-lanceolate, remotely subdent-
ate ; whorls about 4-flowered.
HAB. Meadows. July. U . Stem 6— 10 in. high ;
leav. sublin. ; Jl. purp.

. S. aspera : stem erect, retrorsely hairy ; leaves
subpetiolate, lanceolate, acutely serrate, whorls
about 6-flowered ; calyx teeth divaricate, spiny.
HAB. Fields and wet places July If.. A fool
high ; leav. pubes. ; Jl. purp.

. S. syhatica : leaves shortly petiolate, ovate, sub-
cordate, acuminate ; whorls 6-flowered ; stem re-
trorsely pilose-hispid ; calyx hispid, with lanceo-
late, very acute segments.
HAB. Woods. Aug. U. Stem 1—2 ft. high,
erect ; leav. hairy, obtusely ser. ; Jl. purp.

377. LEONURUS. Motherwort. Labiate.

L. Cardiaca : inferior leaves ovate, 3-lobed ; up-
permost ones entire.
HAB. Waste place?. July— Aug. y. . Stem 2—3
//. high, bran ; leav. spread. ; Jl. vert., red-col. §.

378. GLECHOMA. Ground-Ivy. Labiatm.
G. hederacea : leaves reniform, crenate.

DIDYNAMIA.— GYMNOSPERMIA. 23;}

HAB. Hedges, &c. April — June. U . Root creep. :
stem decumb. ; fl. axill., in threes, blue. §.

379. MARRUBIUM. Horehound. Labialce.

yi. vulgare: stem erect; leaves roundish-ovate,
dentate, rugose ; calyx with 10 setaceous, uncinate
teeth.

HAB. Road-sides, &c. Stem 12 — 18 in. high, whi
tishpub. ; leav. woolly beneath. §.

*. Stamens exserted.

1. P. incanum: leaves oblong-ovate, shortly petiolate,

hoary-tomentose ; heads of flowers pedunculate,
compound, lateral and terminal ; bracts setaceous.
HAB. Rocky hills. July— Aug. U. Plant whi-
tish, soft t 2 ft. high ; fl. pale red.

2. P. aristatum: leaves lanceolate-ovate, subserrate.

on very short petioles, whitish ; heads sessile :
bracts awned.
HAB. Dry woods. July— Aug. U . Stem 1—2
ft. high; tipper leav. hoary.
'., P. limfolium : stem straight, much branched, some-
what scabrous ; leaves linear 3-uerved, very en-
tire, smooth ; heads terminal, in a fasculate co-
rymb.
HAD. Dry swamps. Aug. i| . Stem 12 — 18 in,
fastt 'g. branch ; fl. minute* wh.

**. Stamens included.

A. P. lanceoiatnm : stem straight, branched, subpu
bescent ; leaves subsessile, linear-lanceolate! en-
tire ; heads sessile, fasciculate-corymbed.
HAB. Dry bilk. Atig. U. Stem 2 ft. high ; leav.
long, nerved; fl. minute, wh.
'. verticillatum : leaves ovate-lanceolate, very en
tire ; whorls sessile, compact ; bracts acuminate
HAB. Mountains. July — Aug. U.
(a i'. tnuticum: leaves ovate-lanceolate, subdentate,
-othish ; heads terminal ; bracts lanceolate, ra-
ther acute.

236 DIDYNAMIA.— GYMNOSPERMIA.

HAB. Rocky hills. July— Aug. U . Stem 2 ft.
high; leav. large ; fl. wh.

381. CLINOPODIUM. Wild-basil. Labial*.

C. vulgare : leaves ovate, subserrate ; whorls hairy ;

pedicels branched ; bracts setaceous.
HAB. Rocky woods. July. U . Stem 2 ft. high,

hairy ; leav. petiol. ; fl. purplish.

382. ORIGANUM. Wild marjoram. Labiatce.

O. vulgare: spikes roundish, panicled, fasciculate,
smooth ; bracts ovate, longer than the calyx ;
leaves ovate, entire.

HAB. Fields, &c. June— Oct. %. Stems num.,
I ft. high; fl. rose-col., crowded.

383. DRACOCEPHALUM. Dragon's head. Labiatce.

}. D. virginicum: spikes elongated, crowded; bracts
subulate ; teeth of the calyx short, subequal ;
leaves linear-lanceolate, serrate.
HAB. Mountain meadows. Aug. U • Stem 1 — 2
ft. high, simp., sm. ; fl. spik., purp.

3. D. denticulatum : spikes elongated, with the flowers
remote ; bracts subulate ; teeth of the calyx sube-
qual ; leaves obovate-lanceolate, toothed above.
[HAB. Mountains. June. U. Stem 1 ft. high, sm. ;
leav. subundul. ; fl. purp.

384. PRUNELLA. Self-heal. Labiate.

P. vulgaris : leaves ovate-oblong, petiolate ; upper
lip of the calyx truncate, 3-awned ; stem ascending.

HAB. Meadows. May — Aug. y.. Afoot high,
hairy ; fl. in large ovate spikes, purp.

385. SCUTELLARIA. Skull-cap. Labiata:,

*. Flowers axillary, solitary.

r. S. galericulata : somewhat branched ; leaves cord-
ate-lanceolate, subsessile. crenate ; flowers axil
lary, solitary.

DIDYNAMIA.— GYMNOSPERMIA. 237

HAB. Marshes. Aug. U. Stem 12— 18 in. high,
minutely pubes. ; fl. large, blue.

S. gracilis : stem mostly simple ; leaves remote,
broad-ovate, dentate, smooth and sessile, scabrous
on the margin ; upper ones smaller, entire ; flow-
ers axillary.

HAB. Shady rocks. June. U. Stem 8—12 in.
high, slend., erect ; leav. veined ; fl. very small,

**. Flowers racemose.

P. lateriflora: much branched, smoothish ; leaves
on long, petioles, ovate, dentate, sometimes cord-
ate, membranaceous ; racemes lateral, leafy.

HAB. Wet meadows. July— Aug. U. Stem 1—
2 ft. high; racem. long ; fl. small, blue.

S. integrifolia : stem nearly simple, densely pu-
bescent ; leaves subse«sile, oblong, obtuse, cuneatc
at the base, obscurely toothed ; racemes loose,
leafy.

HAB. Swamps. June. V-. Stem 18 in. high ; fl.
large, blue. — Plant very bitter.

S. hyssopifolia : minutely and densely pubescent,
branched ; leaves lanceolate-linear, very entire ;
rare.

HAB. Swamps. June. %. Stem If t. high ; leav.
obtuse ; fl. very large.

S. ovalifolia: nearly simple, pubescent ; leaves re
mote, rhombic-ovate, obtuse, attenuated at the
base into the petiole, rounded-crenate ; racemes
terminal, loose ; bracts lanceolate, entire.

HAB. Rocky woods. July. U. Stem 1^—2 ft,
high ; lower leav. cord. ; fl. large.

S. canescens: branched; leaves ovate, acute, petio
late, acutely toothe-d, under side, with the bracts
and flowers hoary- vi Hose ; lower leaves subcord-
ate ; racemes pedicellate, subpaniculate, axillary
and terminal ; bracts ovate-lanceolate, longer than
the calyx.

IIAB. Woods. July. U. Stem 2—3 ft. high,
leav. large , whitish beneath ; fl. deep blue.

£38 DIDYNAMIA.— ANGIOSPERMIA.

386. TRICHOSTEMA. Blue curls. Labiate.

T. dichotoma: leaves rhombic lanceolate, attenuate
at the base, pubescent.

HAB. Dry hills. July — Sept. 0. Plant aroma-
tic. — Stem 6 — 10 in. high, brach. ; fl. blue.

0. linearis : leaves linear, smoothish.

HAB. Sandy fields. Stem viscidly pubescent.

ANGIOSPERMIA.

387. PHRYMA.

P. leptostachya.

HAB. Rocky woods. July — Aug. U. Stem 2 —
3 ft. high; leav. loose, ovate, dent., petiol. ; spikes
very long, slend. ; fl. purp. ; fr. reflex.

388. VERBENA. Vervain. Verbenaceoz.
*. Leaves laciniate.

1. V. hastata : erect ; leaves lanceolate, acuminate, in-

cisely-serrate ; inferior ones lobed or subhastate ;
spikes filiform, erect, panicled ; flowers tetrandrous.
HAB. Low grounds. July — Aug. H- . Stem 3 —
5 ft. high ; leav. rough ; fl. purp.

2. V. spuria : stem decumbent, much branched, diva-

ricate ; leaves many-cleft ; spikes filiform, loose ;
bracts longer than the calyx.
HAB. Sandy fields. Aug. Nov. $. Stem 1 — 2
ft. long ; leav. scab. ; fl. pink.

**. Leaves entire.

3. V. urticifolia : erect, subpubescent ; leaves oval-

acute, serrate, petiolate spikes filiform, loose, axil-
lary and terminnl ; flowers tetrandrous.
HAB. Fields and road-sides. July — Aug. %. Stem
2 — 3 ft. high ; spik. not imbric. ; fl. wh.

4. V. angustifolia : erect, mostly simple ; leaves li-

near-lanceolate, attenuate at the base, remotely
toothed, with elevated veins ; spikes filiform soli-
tary, axillary and terminal.

DIDYNAMIA.— ANGIOSPERMIA. 23D

HAB. Rocky hills. July. U • A foot high, hairy ;
leav. rugose ; fl. blue.

389. ZAPANIA. Verbenacete.

I. Z. nodiflora: leaves ovate-cuneiform, serrate above ;
spikes capitate-conic, solitary, on long peduncles ;
stem herbaceous, creeping.
HAB. Banks of rivers. July. U. Stem 6— 8 in.
long; pedunc. jilif. ; head small, blue.

I. Z. lanceolata : leaves linear-lanceolate, acutely ser-
rate ; spikes capitate-conic, on elongated pedun-
cles ; stem herbaceous, creeping.
HAB. Banks of rivers. July. U . Fl. white,
{Blue ?)

390. HERPESTIS. Scrophnlarice.

II. cuneifolia: very smooth; leaves cuneate-obo-
vate, obscurely crenate bove ; peduncles as long
as the leaves.

JIAB. Overflowed banks of rivers. Aug. U . Leav,
thick , fl. minute, pale blue.

391. LIMOSELLA.

L. subulata: leaves linear, very narrow, scarcely
dilated at the apex ; scape 1-flowered, as long as
the leaves.

HAB. Muddy shores. Aug. U. An in. high ; leav,
rad. ; fl. minute, bl. -white.

SCROPHULARIA. Figwort. Scrophularice.

1. S. marilandica: leaves cordate, serrate, acute
rounded at the base ; petioles ciliate below ; pani-
cle fasciculate, loose, few-flowered ; stem obtuse-
angled.
HAB. Woods. July— Oct. U. Stem 2— 4 ft.
high, smooth ; leav. thin ; fl. gr.-purp.

.:. S. lanceolata: leaves lanceolate, unequally and in
cisely serrate, acute at the base ; petioles naked ;
fascicles of the panicle corymbed.
HAB. Woods. Aug. V. Stem 3ft. high, smooth;
leav, rcpand.'Scrr. ; fl. gr.-purp.

240 DIDYNAMIA.— ANGIOSPERMIA.

393. BIGNOMA. Trumpet-flower. Bignoniacea.

B. radicans: leaves pinnate ; leaflets ovate, dent-
ate, acuminate ; corymb terminal ; tube of the co-
rolla three times as long as the calyx ; stem creep-
ing.
' HAB. Banks of rivers. July — Aug. "fo. Stem
climbing by 'radicles ; fl. very large, scarl.

394. RUELLIA.

R. strepens : erect, hairy ; leaves petiolate, lanceo-
late-ovate, very entire ; peduncles 1 — 3-flowered ;
segments of the calyx lanceolate, hispid, half as
long as the tube of the corolla.

HAB. Woods. July. U. Stern 8—12 in. high;
leav. opp. ; JI. axill. and term., blue or white.

395. BUCHNERA.

B. americana : stem simple ; leaves lanceolate, sub
dentate, rough, 3-nerved ; spikes with the flower-
remote.

HAB. Sandy woods. Aug. U. A foot high; leav.
opp. ; ft. blue. — Plant dries black.

396. ANTIRRHINUM. Toad-flax. Scrophularicr,
*. Stems procumbent.

I. A. Elatine : procumbent, hairy; leaves alternate,
hastate, very entire; peduncles solitary, very long.
HAB. Sandy fields. July. 0. Stem 1—2 ft. long ;
pedunc. axill. ; ji. small, bl.-wh. §.

**. Stems erect.

1. A. Linaria : leaves linear-lanceolate, crowded ;
spikes terminal ; flowers imbricate ; calyx smooth,
shorter than the spur.
HAB. Road sides, &c. June— Nov. 1/. Stem 1—
c Zft. high; leav. pale-gr. ; JI. yellow.

S. A. canadense: assurgent, smooth, mostly simple;
leaves scattered, erect, linear, obtuse ; flower-
racemose ; scions procumbent.

DIDYNAMIA.— ANGIOSPERMI A. 24 i

HAB. Wet or dry soils. July — Nov. 0. Afoot
high, very slend. ; fl. very sm., blue.

397. COLLINSIA.

C. verna : leaves ovate-oblong, sessile, obtuse, t\u
inferior ones attenuated into long petioles.

TIAB. River banks. July. 0. Afoot high, mi
nutely pubes. ; pedunc. axill. ; fl. particoloured.

308. GERARDIA.
*. Flowers purple.

1. G. purpurea : stem angular, much branched ; leaves

scabrous linear, long and acute ; flowers subse*
sile ; segments of the calyx subulate.
HAB. Sandy soils and swamps. August — Oct. ©.
Stem 1 — 2 ft. high, slend. ; fl. large, axill.

2. G. maritima : stem angular ; leaves linear, flesh}'.

short, rather obtuse ; flowers pedunculate ; upper

segments of the corolla ciliate ; calyx truncate.

with minute teeth.
HAB. Salt marshes. July — Sept. 0. Stem G

12 in. high ; fl. middle-sized.
.;. G. tenuifolia : much branched ; leaves linear, acute

scabrous ; peduncles axillary, longer than the flow

ors ; teeth of the calyx acute.
HAB. Fields and woods. Aug. — Sept. ©. Slew

— 10 in. high ; fl. spread., smooth.
). G. auriculata : subsimple, scabrous; leaves ovat-- .

lanceolate, auriculata at the base, very entire,

sessile ; flowers sessile, axillary.
ilAB. Fields and mountains. Aug. 0. Stem 6

12 in. high ; fl. middle-sized.

**• Flowen yellow.
», (5. flava; pubescent; stem nearly simple; leav. -
sabsessile, lanceolate, very entire or don
the inferior ones incised ; flowers subscssihv
HAB. Woods. Aug.— Sept. M. Stem 2—3 Jt.
fl. large.
. U. glauca : smooth ; stem paniculate ; I<
X

M2 DIDYNAMIA ANGIOSPERMIA.

tiolate, pinnatifid ; upper ones lanceolate ; flowers

pedicellate.
HAB. Woods. Aug.— Sept. Stem 3—5 ft. high,

glauc ; leav. pale beneath,
7. G. pedicalaria : stem paniculate, pubescent ; leaves

smoothish, oblong, pinnatifid ; segments uncinate,

serrate ; flowers axillary, pedicellate ; segments of

the calyx leafy, incisely dentate.
HAB. Woods and mountains. July — Aug. U«

Stem 2 ft. high, much branch.

599. PEDICULARIS. Lousewort. Scrophularinte.

1. P. pallida : stem smooth, branched, with pubescent

lines ; leaves subopposite, lanceolate ; pinnati-
fidly toothed and crenate, scabrous on the margin ;
galea of the corolla truncated at the apex ; calyx
bifid with rounded segments.
HAB. Swamps. Sept. U. Stem 1—2 ft. high :
fl. large, straw-yell, and purp.

2. P. canadensis : stem simple : leaves pinnatifid, in-

cisely toothed ; spike leafy at the base, hairy ;
galea of the corolla with two setaceous teeth :
calvx truncate downward.
HAB. Wet meadows. May— July. U . Stem 8—12
in. high; fl. yell, and purp.
». P. gladiata: stem simple ; leaves lanceolate, pinna-
tifid, dentate ; spikes leafy, hairy, with the flowers
alternate ; capsule terminating in a long flat point.
TIAB. Wet meadows. May— June. U . Fl. yell.
and purp. — A var. of No. 2?

400. MIMULUS. Monkey-flower.
J . M. ringens : erect, smooth ; leaves sessile, lanceo-
late, acuminate ; peduncles axillary, longer than
the flower.
HAB. Wet meadows. Aug. y. . Stem 2 ft. high,
ang ; fl. large, pale purp.
% M. alatus : erect, smooth ; leaves petiolate, ovate,
acuminate, serrate ; peduncles axillary, shorter
than the flowers; stem quadrangular, winged.
HAB. Wet meadows. Aug. H . Stem 2 ft. high :
teeth of the cal. obi. acum.

DIDYNAMIA.— ANGIOSPERMIA. -243

401. CHELONE. Shell-flower.

C. glabra : smooth ; leaves opposite, lanceolate
oblong, acuminate, serrate; flowers in dense
spikes.

HAB. Wet places. Aug.— Oct. 4 . Stem 2 ft. high,
simp. ; fl. large, wh. or rose-col.

402. PENTSTEMON.

1. P. pubescens : stem pubescent; leaves lanceolate -
oblong, sessile ; repandly serrulate ; flowers pa-
niculate ; sterile filament bearded above the middle.
HAB. Mountain meadows. June. 4 . Stem 11
ft. high, slend. ; fl. pale purp.

?. P. IcEvigatum : smooth ; leaves ovate-oblong, am-
plexicnul at the base, denticulate ; the inferior
very entire ; flowers paniculate ; sterile filament
bearded above.
HAB. Low stony grounds. July. 4 . Stem 1 — 2
ft. high ; fl. pale purp.

403. MARTYNIA.

M. proboscidea : stern decumbent, branched ; leaves
alternate, cordate, very entire, villous.

HAB. River banks. Au^. — Sept. 0. Stem thick,
viscid-pub. ; fl. large, wh. f pu?ict.

404. SCHWALBEA. Scrophularince.

9. americana.

HAB. Sphagnous swamps. Sept. 4. Stem 12 —

18 in. high, simp.; leav. alt. obi. entire ; fl. ra

cem., subsess., dark-pur p.

405. EUCHROMA. Painted-cup. Scrophularince,

E. coccinea : leaves and coloured bracts pinnatifullv
3-cleft ; segments divaricate ; calyx 2-cleft, nearly
equal with tho corolla ; segments retuse and
emarginate.

HAB. Wet meadows. May — June. 4 . Stem G— 1-
in. high; bracts scarl : cor. yell.

14 TETRADYNAMIA.— SILICULOSA.

406. BARTSIA. Scrophularince.
B. pallida: leaves alternate, linear, undivided:

upper ones lanceolate ; floral ones subovate.

slightly toothed at the end ; all 3-nerved ; teeth

of the calyx entire.
HAB. High mountains. Aug. H . Stem pubes.;

Jl. yell., pubes.

407. MELAMPYRUM. Cow-wheat. Melampyracea; .
M. lineare : leaves linear-lanceolate ; the floral

ones with setaceous teeth at the base ; flowers

axillary.
1IAB. Woods. June— July. ©. Stem Z— Win.

high, bran. ; fl.-leav. ovate-Ian.

408. OROBANCHE. Broom-rape. Orobanchecc.

1. O. americana : stem very simple ; imbricate with
oval-lanceolate scales ; spike terminal, smooth ;
corolla recurved, with the stamens exserted.
HAB. Woods. July. U. Stem 4—6 in. high,
very thick, br.-yell., leafless, scaly ; Jl. bract.

.'. O. vniflora: stem very short ; peduncles 2, elonga-
ted, scapiform, 1-flowcred, naked ; scales smooth,
concave ; lobes of the corolla oblong-oval, with a
pubescent coloured margin.
HAB. Woods. May— July. U. Pedunc. 4— 6 in.
long, subpubes. ; Jl. recurv., bl.-wh.

409. EPIPHAGUS. Beech-drops. Orobanchecc.

E. virginiana.

HAB. Beech woods. Sept. U. Leafless, branch

ed, smooth; 8 — 12 in. high; jl. distant ; abort, ones

larger, purplish.

TETRADYNAMIA,
SILICULOSA.

0. CAKILE. Silicle compressed, of 2 single-seedeo
joints ; superior joint with an erect single

TETRADYNAMIA.— SILIQUOSA. 24o

seed ; inferior with a pendulous (sometimes
abortive) seed.

411. THLASPI. Silicle compressed, emarginate, many-
seeded ; valves carinate, (often winged) Fitam.
without teeth, distinct. Cal. equal at the base.

•112. DRABA. Silicle entire, oval or oblong; valves
flat or convex ; cells many-seeded. Seeds not
margined ; cotyledons accumbent.* Filam. with
out teeth.

413. ALYSSUM. Silicle orbicular, or elliptical ; valves

flat, or convex in the centre. Seeds 2 — 4 in
each cell, compressed, sometimes membrana-
ceously winged ; cotyledons accumbent. Cal.
equal at the base. Pet. entire. Stam. mostly
toothed.

414. LEPIDIUM. Silicle ovate or subcordate ; valves

carinate, dehiscent ; cells 1 -seeded. Cotyledons
incumbent.

115. CAMEL1NA. Silicle subovate, many-seeded;

valves turgid. Cotyledons incumbent. Filam.
without teeth.

116. SUBULARIA. Silicle oval, many-seeded ; valves

convex. Stig. sessile. Cotyledons incumbent,
linear, biplicate.

SILIQUOSA.

117. DENTARIA. Silique. lanceolate; valves, flat,

nerveless, often opening elastically ; receptacle?
not winged. Funiculus dilated. Seeds i?i a sin-
gle series, ovate, immarginate ; cotyledons ac-
cumbent.

CARDAMINE. Silique linear, with the margins
truncate ; valves flat, nerveless, often open
ing elastically, narrower than the dissepiment.
Seed not margined, with a slender funiculus.

ARABIS. Silique linear: valves flat, 1 -nerved.
ids in a single row. Cotyledons accumbent
Cal, erect.

* The cotyledons are uccumbent when the back of one of then.
ii applied to the curved radicle : incumbent when the ed^es of
cotyledons arc applied to it.

\ -

246 TETRAD YNAMI A.— SILICULOSA.

420. BARBAREA. Silique 4-edged. Cotyledons ac-
cumbent. Seeds in a single row. Cal. equal at
the base, erect. Shorter filaments with inter-
mediate glands.

■121. NASTURTIUM. Silique subterete, often short ;
valves concave, nerveless, not carinate. Cal.
equal, spreading. Cotyledons accumbent.

422. SISYMBRIUM. Silique subterete. Cotyledons

incumbent, sometimes oblique, flat. Cal. mostly
spreading, equal at the base.

423. HESPERIS. Silique subquadrangular, or ancipi-

tal. Slig. subsessile, of 2 connivent lobes. Co-
tyledons incumbent, flat. Cal. closed, sulcate
at the base.

424. SINAPIS. Silique subterete, 2-valved ; (some-

times of 2 articulations, of which the upper one
is nerveless.) Cotyledons conduplicate. Seeds
globose, in a single row. Cal. spreading.

425. RAPHANUS. Silique valueless. Cotyledons con-

duplicate. Cal. closed.
42G. CLEOME. Cal. 4-leaved, spreading. Pet. 4,

unequal. Stam. 6, unequal, often connected at

the base. Silique stipitate in the calyx.
127. POLANISIA. Cal. 4-leaved, spreading. Pet.

4, unequal. Stain. 8 — 32. Silique sessile in the

calyx.

TETRAD YNAMIA
SILICULOSA.

410. CAKILE. Sea-rocket. Crucifera .

C. maritima : /3. americana : leaves cuneate-oblon^
obtuse, sinuately toothed ; joints of the silicle 1
seeded ; the uppermost ovate, acute.

HAB. Sea-coast. July— Oct. 0. Plant flesh*
heavy, branch. ; fl. purp., corymb.

411. THLASPI. Penny-cress. Crucifera?.
V. ancuse: leaves oblong-sagittate, coarsely tootf.

TETRADYNAMIA.— SILICULOSA. 2^7

ed, smooth ; silicle suborbicular, loDger than the
pedicel ; its wings dilated longitudinally.
HAB. Fields. June. 0. Stem erect, 8 — 12 in.
high ; leav. smooth ; fi. wh.

2. T. tuberosum : leaves rhombic-ovate, obsolete!}

dentate, smooth, sessile ; radicle ones on long pe-
tioles ; stem pubescent ; root tuberous ; silicle
orbicular.
HAB. Pennsylvania. April — May. Stem 4 — 5 iff*
high ; fi. rather large, rosaceous.

3. T. Bursa-pastoris : silicle triangular-obcordate, with-

out wings ; cells many-seeded ; radicle leaves pin-
natifid.
HAB. Pastures, &c. March— Oct. ©. Stem 6—
12 in. high; fi. small, corymb., wh. §.

412. DRABA. Whitlow-grass. Crucifera\

*. Petals entire.

1. D. arabisans : stem leafy, somewhat branched, sub
pubescent ; leaves lanceolate, acutely dentate ;
silicle linear, smooth, longer than the pedicel.
HAB. Rocks. $. Silicle elongated, acuminate,
contorted.

**. Petals bifid.

J, D. rerna : scapes naked ; leaves lanceolate, subin
cised, hairy ; silicle elliptical-oblong.

HAB. Fields and hills. March — May. ©, leav.
all rad. ; scape 2 — 6 in. long ; fi. wh.
'. D. caroliniana : stem leafy at the base, hispid, na-
ked and smooth at the apex ; leaves ovate-round
ish, hispid, entire, hispid ; silicle linear, smooth,
longer than the pedicels.

HAB. Fields. April. 0. Stem 1—2 in. high;
silicle 4 — o in. long ; fi. wh.

. ALYSSUM. Gold-of-PIeasure. Crucifcra.

\ ! dnitatum : stem erect and herbaceous ; ra< i
paniculate ; radical leaves subruncioately denl
-omewhat scabrous; cauline linear-lanceolate,

248 TETRAD YN AMIA.— SILIQJJOSA.

sessile, nearly smooth ; silicle elliptical, pubescem
shorter than the pedicel.
HAB. Rocks. May. U . Stem 6 in. high ; pules,
thin ; style long, persist.

414. LEPIDIUM. Pepper-wort. Cruciferat.

1. L. virginicum : leaves linear-lanceolate, incisely ser-

rate, smooth ; flowers with 2 — 4 stamens ; silicle
orbicular, emarginate ; stem branched above.
HAB. Sandy fields. June— Oct. 0. Afoot high,
panic, above ; fl. minute, wh.

2. L. campestre : cauline leaves sagittate, dentate ;

silicle ovate, winged, emarginate, scaly-punctate.
HAB. Hills. May. 0. Afoot high, erect ; leav.
pules. ; ft. wh.

415. CAMELINA. Cruciferce.

C. sativa : silicle obovate-pyriform, margined, tip-
ped with the pointed style ; leaves subentire, Ian
ceolate, sagittate.

HAB. Hills. June. ©. Stem \\ ft. high, branch. :
ft* yell., corymb.

416. SUBULARIA. Owl-wort. Crucifem.

' S. aquatica.
HAB. Margins of ponds. July. ©. Leav. rad>
subul. ; scape 1 — 2 in. high ; fl. wh.

SILIQUOSA.

4 IT. DENTARIA. Toothwort. Crucifera.

1. D. laciniata: leaves in threes, ternate ; leaflets 3-
parted ; segments oblong, unequally and incisely
dentate ; root moniliform.
HAB. Rocky woods. April — May. Stem 8 in*

high ; root tub. ; ft. purplish.
/S. pinnatifida: leaflets subpinnatifidly laciniate.
.', D. diphylla : stem 2-leaved ; leaflets ternate, sub
ovate, unequally and incisely dentate : root dentate

TETRADYNAMIA.— S1LIQU0SA. 249

IIAB. Woods. May. U . Stem 6—8 in. high;
leafl. large, fl. yellowish.

3. D. heterophylla : stem 2-leaved ; leaves ternate, pe-

tiolate, leaflets liHear, sublanceolate, acute, entire ;
radical leaflets ovate-oblong, incisely and coarsely
toothed.
HAB. Shady woods. June. U. Root tub. ; stem
low ; leafl. ciliate ; fl. purp.

4. D. maxima: leaves numerous, alternate, petiolate ;

leaflets ternate, suboval, incisely dentate ; lateral
ones lobed ; axils without glands ; racemes lateral
and terminal.
IIAB. Woods. U. Stem 1% ft. high; leav. 5—7 :
leafl. very broad ; fl. purp.

413. CARDAMINE. Lady's smock. Crucifercc.
*. Leaves undivided.

1. C. rhomboidea: leaves ovate-rhomboid, obscurely

repand-dentate, smooth ; inferior ones on long
petioles ; root tuberous and fibrous.
HAB. Wet meadows. May— June. U . Stem 8—
10 in. high, subpubes. ; fl. large, wh.

2. C. rotundifolia : leaves suborbicular, nearly entire,

smooth, petiolate ; stem weak, procumbent ; root
fibrous.
HAB. High mountains. July. y. . Siliques spread-
ing, Slend. ; fl. sm., wh.

**. Leaves divided.

3. C. pennsylvanica : smooth, branched ; leaves pin-

nate, often sublyrate ; leaflets roundish-oblong ob-
tuse, angularly toothed ; stem erect ; petals ob-
long-linear.

IIAB. Wet places. May. July. U. Stem. 8 —
12 in. high; term, leafl. large; sil. erect.

0. gracilis : stem slender, weak ; leaves with few
and narrow segments.

IIAB. Wet woods. July. U . Stem subdecumb.
4 — 6 in. long ; fl. minute, wh.
I. C. virginica: smooth, erect ; leaves pinnate ; leaf-
lets lanceolate, subauriculate ; stem erect ; siliques
long, straight and erect.

250 TETRADYNAMIA.-SILIQUOSA.

HAB. Moist rocks. May— June. U. Stem 5—8
in. high ; leajl. small, subpubes. ; fl. uh.

5. C ? teres : leaves sublyrate-pinnatifid ; segment?

oval-oblong ; the terminal ones somewhat 3-lobed ;
siliques short, erect, terete.
HAB. Wet places. June — July. tt .

6. C. hirsuta: leaves pinnate, hairy; leaflets of the

radical ones roundish, petiolate ; those of the
upper ones oblong, subsessile ; petals oblong ;
siliques erect.
HAB. Pennsylvania. May. ®.

419. ARABIS. Wali-Cress. Cruciferce.

1. A. sagittata: leaves subdlntate, rough, with the

pubescence often branched ; radical ones ovate or
oblong, attenuated into a petiole ; of the stem lan-
ceolate, sagittate-cordate ; pedicels as long as the
calyx ; siliques straight ;.nd erect.
HAB. Hills. June. $. Stem 1£ ft. high, simp. ,
straight ; Ji. small, wk.

2. A. thaliana : leaves hairy, subdentate ; radical

ones oblong, petiolate ; stem branched, hairy at
the base, siliques ascending ; pedicels much longer
than the calyx.
HAB. Dry hills. April— May. ©. Stem 2—4
in. high, erect; siliq. slend.

3. A. lyrata: stem and upper leaves smooth and glau-

cous ; radical leaves lyrate-pinnatifid, often pi-
lose ; stem branched at the base ; pedicels spread'
ing ; silique erect.
HAB. Rocky hills. April— July. £. Stem 8—
12 in. high ; caul. leav. lin. ; Ji. large.
1. A. laevigata: stem leaves linear, oblong, sagittate,
smooth ; the lower ones subdentate ; radical ones
obovate ; pedicels erect ; siliques very narrow
and long, at length pendulous.
HAB. Rocky hills. May. U. Stem 2 ft. high:
siL 2\ in. long ; root nerved.

4. A. canadensis: stem leaves sessile, oblong-lanceo-

late, narrow at the base, pubescent, pedicles pu-
bescent, reflexed in the fruit ; siliques pendulous,
sub-falcate, nerved.

TETRADYNAMIA.— SILIQUOSA. 251

HAB. Rocky hills. June. U. Stem 2 ft. high;
ped. 3 times as long as cal.

420. BARBAREA. Winter-cress. Cruciferce.

B. vulgaris: lower leaves lyrate ; terminal lobe
roundish ; upper ones obovate, dentate.

IIAB. Old fields. June. U. Stem I— 2 ft. high*
smooth, leav. very sm. ; fl. yell.

421. NASTURTIUM. Nasturtium. Crucifer*.

1. N. officinale: leaves pinnate; leaflets ovate, sub-

cordate, repand.
HAB. In water. June — July. U . Stems decumb.
term, leafl. large ; fl. wh.

2. N. palustre : leaves lyrate-pinnatifid ; lobes conflu-

ent, unequally dentate, smooth ; petals as long as
the calyx ; siliques short, turgid ; root fusiform.
HAB. Wet places. July. ©. Stem U ft. high,
fl. yell. ; pedicel short.
5. N. amphibium : leaves oblong-lanceolate, pinnatifid
or serrate ; root fibrous ; petals longer than the
calyx ; siliques elliptical.
HAB. Wet places. June— July. U. Stem 1—2
ft. high ; fl. yell. ; sil. subreflex.

122. SISYMBRIUM. Hedge-mustard. Crucifem.

'!. S. officinale: leaves runcinate, and with the stem,
hairy : siliques subulate, appressed.
HAB. Fields. June— Oct. 0. Stem 1—2 ft.
high, branch. ; fl. minute, yell.
J. S. Sophia: leaves bipinnatc ; segments oblong-li-
near, incised ; petals shorter than the calyx ;
calyx twice as short as the pedicel.
HAB. Sandy fields. July. ©. Stem 8—1.
high ; leav. sm. or pubes. ; fl. yell.

423. HESPERIS. Dame's violet. Crucifercc.

II I pinnatifida : leaves acutely serrate ; superior
ones lanceolate; inferior spinnatifid-Iy rate : pedicel,
at length longer than the calyx.

252 MONADELPHIA.— PENTANDRIA.

HAB. Woods. July. U. Stem lft. high; JL
pale purp. ; pet. entire.

424. SINAPIS. Mustard. Cruciferce.

S. nigra : siliques smooth and even, subquadrangu
lar, appressecl ; inferior leaves lyrate ; upper ones
lanceolate, entire, petiolate.

HAB. Waste grounds. June — July. 0. Stem
2 — 4 ft. high ; upper leav. deflex. ; fi. yell.

425. RAPHANUS. Radish. Cruciferce.

R. Raphanistrum : silique jointed, 1-celled, striate

3 — 8-seeded ; style long ; leaves simply lyrate.
HAB. Fields. June— July. 0. Stem 1—2 ft.

high, hispid ; leav. scab. ; Jl. yell. §.

426. CLEOME. Capparidcs.

0. pentaphylla : smoothish ; leaves quinate ; the
lower and floral ones ternate ; leaflets entire and
subserrulate ; stamens inserted on the pedicel of
the germen.

HAB. Cultivated grounds. July. ©. Stem 2 ft,
high, viscid ; pet, wh., onfilif. clams.

427. POLANISIA. Capparides.

P. graveolens : viscidly pubescent, leaves ternate ;

leaflets elliptical-oblong ; stamens 8 — 12 ; tilique*

oblong, attenuate at the base, muricate with a

glandular pubescence.
HAB. Sandy shores. June. U. Stem 1 ft. high :

Jl. racem., red.-wh. — Plant fetid.

MONADELPHIA.

PENTANDRIA.

428. PASS1FL0RA. Cal. 5-parted, coloured. Pet. 5,
inserted upon the calyx. JVect. a filamentous
crown. Pepo (berry) pedicellate.

MONADELPHIA.— PENTANDRIA.

DECANDRIA.

429. GERANIUM. Cal. 5-leaved, equal. Pet. 5,
equal. Stam. 10; 5 alternate ones longer, with
nectariferous glands at the base. Pericarps 5,
with long awns, united to elongated receptacles,
at length separating elastically from the summit
to the base : awns smooth internally.

POLYANDRIA.

130. SIDA. Cal. 5-cleft, simple, often angular. Style

many-cleft at the summit. Capsules numerous,
arranged circularly, 1-celled, 1 — 3-seeded.

131. ALTHiEA. Cal. double ; the exterior 6—d~

cleft. Capsules numerous, 1 -seeded, arranged

circularly.
432. MALVA. Cal. double .; the exterior mostly 3-

leaved. Capsules numerous, 1-celled, 1-seeded

arranged circularly.
133. HIBISCUS. Cal. double; the exterior many •

leaved. Stig. 5. Caps, 5-celled ; cells many

seeded.

MONADELPHIA.

PENTATSDHIA.
. PASSIFLORA. Passion (lower. Passijlom ,

;. P. lutca : leaves cordate, 3-Iobed, obtuse, smooth ;
petioles without glands ; peduncles axillary, \n
pairs ; petals much longer than the calyx.
HAD. R.tnks of rivers. June — Aug. \\ . Climb.,
slcnd. : jl. small, gr.-yell.
\ P. iwarnaUt : leaves S-lobed, serrate; lobes ob-
long, acute ; petioles with two glands; involu
< rum 3-leaved ; leaflets lanceolate, glandularis
dentate; rays of the nectary longer than th<
rolla.
I1AII. Panks of rivers. Sept. U.tSfcm long, climb.}
pet. a ' '" . n< 'i. purp.
V

?54 MONADELPHIA.— POLYANDRIA

DECANDRIA.

429. GERANIUM. Geraniacece.

1 . G. maculatum : stem angular, erect, retrorsely pu

bescent, dichotomous ; leaves 3 — 5-parted, in-
cised ; radical ones on long petioles ; upper ones
opposite, sessile ; petals entire ; filaments scarcely
ciliate at the base.
I-IAB. Woods. May— June. U. Stem 1—2 ft. high ;
leaves hairy ; fl. large, purp.

2. G. carolinianum : diffuse, pubescent; leaves 5-

parted ; segments 3-cleft ; incised peduncles
crowded, subfasciculate ; petals emarginate, as
long as the awned calyx ; pericarps hairy ; seeds
smooth.
JJAB. Hills and fields. May— June. ©. Stem 12—
18 in. long, much bran. ; fl. small, wh.

5. G. pusillum : leaves subreniform, 7-lobed ; lobes
3-cleft ; petals subemarginate, as long as the point-
less calyx ; pericarps pubescent, not rugose ;
seeds smooth.
HAB. Pennsylvania. May. ©.

I. G. dissectum : diffuse, pubescent; leaves 5-parted ;
segments 3-cleft, linear; petals emarginate, as
long as the awned calyx ; pericarps hairy ; seeds
reticulate.
11AB. Dry hills. June — July. ©. Stem I ft. high,
pubes. ; fl. small, pale red.

">. G. Robertianum : leaves 3 — 5-parted ; segments
pinnatifidly 3-cleft ; petals entire, much longer
than the angular awned calyx ; pericarps small,
reticulate, rugose ; seeds smooth.
II AB. Rocky places. May — Sept. 0. Stem long,
red ; fl. small, pale purp.

POLYANDRIA.

430. SIDA. Indian Mallow. Malvacev.

1. S.spinosa: leaves ovate, lanceolate, dentate, with
the tubercles" at the base spiny ; pedicels axillary.

MONADELPHIA.— POLYANDRIA. 25b

solitary, shorter than the stipules and petioles ;
capsules 5, birostrate.

UAB. Pine barrens. July— Aug. © . Stem 1—2
ft. high, branch.; fl. yell.

S. Kapuza : leaves palmately 5-lobed, smooth ; lobes
oblong, acuminate, dentate ; peduncles many-
flowered ; capsules 10, pointless, acuminate.

HAB. Shady rocky places. July. U . Stem 3 — 1

ft. high; fl. small whi
, S. dioica : leaves palmately 7-lobed, scabrous :
lobes lanceolate, incisely dentate ; peduncles
many-flowered, bracteate, subcorymbed ; flowei>
dioecious ; capsules 10, pointless.

BAB. Stony ground. Oct. U. Stem 4— 5 ft. high.

branch. ; fl. small wh.
, S. Abutilon : leaves roundish-cordate, acuminate,
dentate, tomentose ; pec'-mcle shorter than the
petioles ; capsules 15, truncate, birostrate, hairy.

I1AB. Waste places. July— Aug. © . Stem 2— 5
ft. high; leav. large; fl. orange. §

431. ALTHAEA. Marsh Mallow. Malvacea.

A. officinalis: leaves soft-tomentose, cordate aim
ovate, dentate, entire or somewhat 3-lobed ; pe-
duncles axillary, many-flowered, much shorter
than the leaves.

HAB Borders of salt marshes. Aug.— Sept. U
Stem 2 ft. high; Jl. large, purp. §

432. MALVA. Mallow. Malvacea\

31. rotundifolia : stem somewhat prostrate; leave-
roundish, cordate, obtusely 5-lobed ; fructiferou-
pedicels bent downward, as well as the petioles,
pubescent; corolla twice the length of the calyi

UAB. Waste places. June— Oct. U. Rootfusif,
pedunc. axill. ; Jl. small pink.

433. HIBISCUS. Maha<

. II. Moscheutos : leaves ovate, acuminate, serrate
tomentose beneath; petioles bearing the pedun
llyi tomentose ; capsule sue

256 DIADELPIIIA.— OCTANDRIA.

HAB. Brackish marshes. Aug. U . Stem 3 — bft,
high; fl. large, wh., with a crim. centre.

2. H. palustris : leaves ovate, dentate, somewhat 3-

Jobed, whitish-tomentose beneath, pedicels axil-
lary, distinct from the petioles, articulate above
the middle.
HAB. Borders of salt marshes. Aug. U . Fl.
large, entirely red.

3. II. militoris : leaves 3-lobed-hastate, acuminate.

serrate, smooth ; pedicels articulate in the middle ;
corolla subcampanulate ; capsule ovate, acuminate
smooth ; seeds silky.
HAB. River banks. July. U. Stem 3 ft. high ;
fl. solit., axill.s rose-col.
1. H. virginicus : leaves acuminate, unequally dentate,
subvillose; inferior ones entire, cordate ; supe-
rior 0'<es ovate cordate, 3-lobed ; pedicels longer
than the petioles ; flowers cernuous ; pistils nod-
ding.
HAB. Borders of salt marshes. Aug. H . Stem
3 ft. high ; fl. sin., -purple.

DIADELPHIA.
HEXATSDRIA.

434. CORYDALIS. Cal. 2-leaved. Cor. 4-petalleu
Filam. in 2 sets. Siligue, 2-valved compressed,
oblong, many-seeded.

)35. FUMARIA. Ca/. 2-leaved. Cor. 4-petalled, one
of the petals gibbous at the base. Silicle ovate
or globose, 1 -seeded, not opening.

OCTANDRIA.

436. POLYGALA. Cal. 5-leaved, persistent; 2 oi
the leaflets wingshaped and coloured. Caps.
obcordate, 2-celled, 2-valved. Seeds pube 4 -
eeDt.

diAdelphia.— decandria.

DEGANDRIA.

* Stamens all connected, (monadelphous.)
137. AMOKPHA. Cal. subcampanulate, 5-cleft. Cor

with the vexillum ovate, concave ; wings and

keel wanting. Legume 1 — 2-seeded, falcate.
438. LUPINUS. Cal. bilubiate. Anth. alternately

oblong and roundish. Legume coriaceous, toru-

lose.
139. CROTALARIA. Vexillum large and cordate

keel acuminate. Filam. united, with a dorsal

fissure. Legume pedicellate, turned.
MO. GENISTA. Cal. bilabiate; upper lip with 2

lower with 3, teeth. Vexillum reflexed.

* * Stamens diadelphous.

t Stigma pubescent.

ill. P1SUM. Cal. with the segments leafy, equal,
Vexillum with 2 protruding plaits. Style com
pressed, carinate, villous on the upper side
Suture of the legume naked.

142. LATHYRUS. Style flat, villous on the upper

side, dilated upward. Cal. with the 2 upper
segments shortest.

143. VICIA. Style transversely bearded beneath the

stigma. Cal. with the 3 inferior segment-
straight and longer. Vexillum emarginate.
1 \ 1. ERVUM. Stig. capitate, every where pubescent.

1 1 Stigma smooth.

115. ASTRAGALUS. Keel obtuse. Legume more or
less completely 2-celled ; inferior suture in
flexed.

\ 1 1 Legume mostly 1-seeded. (J\*ot of the preceding
sections.)

MEL1LOTUS. Flowers racemose. Cal. tubu

lar, 5-toothed. Keel simple, shorter than tin

ingt and vexillum. Legume longer than tin

calyx, rugose*

!47, TRIFOLIUM. Flowers subcapitate. Legumt

covered by the calyx, without valv-

VoS DIADELPHIA.— DECANDRIA.

MS. STYLOSANTHES. Cal. tubular, very long
bearing the corolla. Germen beneath the co
rolla. Lament 1 — 2 -jointed, hooked.

449. LESFEDEZA. Cal. 5-parled ; segments nearly

equal. A r c€Mransversely obtuse. Loment \eu
ticular, unarmed, 1 -seeded.

•; \ 1 1 Legume mostly articulate. (Not of the preceding
sections.)

450. HEDYSARUM. Cal. 5-cleft. foeMransversely

obtuse. Loment of several 1-seeded joints
joints truncate, compressed, mostly hispid.
151. iESCHYNOMENE. Cal. bilabiate. Lomeni
compressed ; one of the sutures straight, the
other lobed ; joints truncate, 1-seeded. Stain
divided into 2 equal sets.

: j t Legume l-celled, many-seeded. (Not of the pre
ceding sections.)

452. PHASEOLUS. Keel, with the stamens and style
spirally twisted. Legume compressed, falcate.
Seeds compressed, reniform.

153. STROPHOSTYLES, Keel, with the stamen*
and style spirally twisted. Legume terete,
somewhat 2-celled. Seeds reniform. nearly cy-
lindrical.

454. APIOS. Cal. subbilabiate, truncate, 1 -toothed
Keel falcate, reflexing the apex of the vexillum.
Germen sheathed at the base. > Legume coria-
ceous, many-seeded.

4j5. AMPHICARPA. Cal. 4-toothed. Pet. oblong :
vexillum with the sides appressed. Slig. capi-
tate. Legume compressed, stipitate, 2 — 4
seeded.

456. GALACTIA. Cal 4-toothed, with 2 bracts at th<

base. Pet. all oblong ; vexillum broad, incum-
bent. Attth. oblong. Stig. obtuse. Germen
on a naked stipe. Legume terete, many-seeded.

457. CL1TORIA. Cal. tubular or campanulate, 5-

toothed. Cor. resupinate ; vexillum large, ex-
panding, covering the wings. Legume linear,
acuminate, many-seeded.

458. PtOBINIA. Cal. campanulate, 4^cleft; uppei

segment 2-cleft. Vexillum roundish, expanded

DIADELPHIA.—HEXANDRIA. 250

and re-flexed. Legume compressed, elongated,
many-seeded. Seeds compressed, small.

459. TEPHROSIA. Teeth of the calyx subulate,

nearly equal. Stam. monadelphous. Legunu
compressed, coriaceous.

460. MEDICAGO. Keel of the cor. deflexed from

the vexillum. Legume compressed, spiral.

DIADELPHIA.
HEXANDRIA.

434. CORYDALIS. Fumariacea,

* Corolla with 1 spur at the base.
1. C. glauca: stem erect, branched; leaves glaucous
decompound ; segments cuneate, 3-cleft ; bract>
linear, shorter than the pedicels ; siliques linear,
HAB. Rocks. May— Aug. ©. £. Stem 8—18
in. high ; rootfusif. ; fl. red and yell.
r l. C. aurea: stem branched, diffuse ; leaves glaucous,
doubly pinnate ; lobes oblong-linear ; bracts lan-
ceolate; siliques linear, 4 times as long as the pe*
dicel.
HAB. Mountains. May. ©. Stem 8—12 in
long ; Jl. small yell.

* * Corolla with 2 spurs at the base.
;. C Cucvllaria: spurs straight, divaricate,- acute
scape naked ; raceme simple.
II AB. Shady rocks. Apr.— May. U. Root bulb. :
leav. 2, decomp. ; jl. large, wh.
!, C. formosa : spurs slightly curved, obtuse ; raceme
naked, somewhat compound ; stigma 2-angled.
IIAB. Shady rocks. May. U. Root bulb.
scape and pedunc. red ; Jl. large, rose-col.

* * * Petals united, spongy.

.. C. fungota: stem climbing; leaves furnished with
tendrils; racemes axillary, corymbose, nodding
corolla bigibbous at the base.
HAB. Rocky hills. July— Aug
decomp. : Jl. num.,Jlcsh-co'

260 DIADELPHIA.— OCTANDRIA.

OCTANDRIA.

436. POLYGALA. Milk-wort. Polygalevt.

P. vulgaris : leaves linear-lanceolate,rather obtuse
stem ascending; calycine wings ovate, obtuse, ;t
little longer than the capsule ; flowers in a termi-
nal raceme.

IIAB. River banks. H . Stems num. ; Jl. blue,
cristate; fructiferous cal. green. +

P. senega: stems numerous, erect, smooth, simple :
leaves alternate, ovate-lanceolate ; upper ones
acuminate ; racemes spiked ; calycine wings or-
bicular ; capsule elliptical, emarginate.

IIAB. Woods. June — July. U . Stems 1 ft. high .
leav. pale gr. ; jl. wh.

P. paucifolia : stem simple, erect, naked below ;
leaves ovate ; terminal flowers, large, cristate ;
radical flowers apterous.

IIAB. Woods and swamps. May — June. U« Stem
3 — 4 m. high; leav. acute ; fl. 3 — 4, purp.

P. pohjgama: stems numerous; leaves linear-ob
long ; attenuate downwards ; racemes terminal and
lateral, elongated : flowers sessile ; radical ra-
cemes procumbent, with apterous flowers.

IIAB. Fields. June— July. V. Stems 4— 8 in.
high, angular ; Jl. purp.

V.lutea: stem simple or branched; lower leave-
^pathulate ; upper ones lanceolate ; spike subca-
pitate, obtuse; calycine wings ovate, mucronate :
bracts shorter than the flowers.

IIAB. Swamps in pine barrens. June — Oct. *
Fl. deep yell. ; heads oblong.

P. purpurea: stem fastigiately branched ; leaves al-
ternate, oblong-linear ; spikes cylindrical-oblong ;
flowers beardless ; calycine wings cordate-ovate,
twice as long as the capsule.

IIAB. Wet pine barrens. July — Aug. © . Stem
12—18 in. high; fl. subimbric, rose-col.

P. sanguinea: stem fastigiately branched ; leaver
alternate, narrow-linear ; spikes oblong; flower.

DIADELPHIA.—OCTANDRIA. 26 1

beardless ; calycine wings obovate, as long as the
capsule.
1IAB. Wet meadows. July— Oct. ©. Stem 8—
12 in. high ,• fl. loose, dark rose-col .
3. P. verticillata : leaves verticillate, linear, whorla
remote ; racemes spiked, acute, pedunculate ;
flowers cristate ; calycine wings roundish ; stem
erect, branched.
HAB. Dry hills. July— Oct. ©. Stem very slend..
quadrang. ; fl. small, greenish -zeh.
0. P. ambigua: leaves linear ; the lowest ones verti-
cillate ; the rest scattered ; spikes acute on very
long peduncles; flowers cristate; calycine wings
round and veined, as long as the fruit ; stem erect,
virgately branched.
HAB. Wet woods. ©. Fl. purplish, distinctly
pedicellate.
10. V . fastigiata : stem slender, fastigiate ; leaves al-
ternate, linear, acute ; spikes subcapitate, pedun-
culate ; flowers subcristate; calycine wings
spreading, ovate, acute, scarcely larger than the
capsule.
HAB. New-Jersey. © .
1 f . P. cruciata : stem fastigiate, winged at the angles ;
leaves verticillate in fours, linear-oblong, punc-
tate ; spikes dense, sessile ; flowers subcristate ;
calycine wings cordate, cuspidate.
HAB. Open swamps. Aug.— Sept. 0. Stem
often spreading ; fl. greenish-pur p.
r2. P. brevifolia : stem erect, subfastigiate, winged at
the angles ; leaves verticillate in fours, oblong-
linear, short, sprinkled with resinous dots ;
spikes pedunculate, partly capitate; flowers sub-
cristate ; calycine wings cordate-ovate, acute
scarcely longer than the capsule.
HAB. Sandy swamps. July— Aug. © . Sten
der ; branch, erect; fl. red.
1 I. P. corymbosa: stem simple, angular, corymbose
at the summit, many-headed ; radical leaves spa
thulate-obovate ; cauline subequal, linear ; caly-
cine wings oblong, cuspidate.
HAB. Sphagnooi swamps. Jul) — Aug. Stem \ r '
in, high ; fl. yell., dark green when dry.

2G2 DIADELPHIA.—DECANDRIA

DECANDRIA.

•137. AMORPHA. Bastard indigo. Leguminosce.

A. fruticosa /3. emarginuta: smooth, subarbores
cent ; leaves petiolate, eraarginate ; spikes aggre-
gated, long ; calyx hoary, pedicellate, one of the
teeth acuminate, the rest obtuse ; legume few-
seeded.

HAB. New-Jersey? A shrub with spikes of pur}>.
flowers.

438. LUPINUS. Lupine. Leguminosv.

L. peremiis : perennial ; root creeping ; stem and
leaves smoothish ; leaves digitate ; leaflets 8 — 9,
obcuneate, lanceolate, obtuse; flowers alternate ;
calyx without appendages ; upper lip emarginate ;
the lower entire.

HAB. Sandy woods and hills. May — June. Stem
ascend., 12 in. high; leav. digit.; fl. blue.

139. CROTALARIA. Rattle-box. Leguminosce.

. C. sagittalis: hairy, erect, branching; leaves sim-
ple, ovate-lanceolate ; stipules lanceolate, acumi-
nate, decurrent ; racemes opposite the leaves.
about 3-flowered ; corolla smaller than the calyx.
HAB. Sandy fields and woods. July — Aug. ©.
Stem 12 in. high; fl. yell. ; legum. infl., black.

. C. parviflora: hairy, erect, branched ; leaves sim-
ple, linear-lanceolate ; upper stipules decurrent.
with 2 very short teeth ; raceme? opposite the
leaves; corolla smaller than the calyx.
HAB. Sandy fields. June— July. 0. Leaves 2
— 3 in. long ; fl. yell.

440. GENISTA. Broom. Leguminoscz.
G. tinctoria; leaves lanceolate, smooth ; branches

terete, striate, erect, unarmed ; flowers in a leafy

raceme ; legume smooth.
HAB. Dry hills. July. Suffruticose, I ft. high

branches num. : fl. yell., subsess. §.

DIADELPHIA,— DECANDPJA. 263

441. PISUM. Pea. Leguminosaz.

P. maritimum : stem quadrangular, compressed
petioles flat above ; stipules sagittate ; leaflets nu-
merous, subalternate, obovate ; peduncles longer
than the leaves, many-flowered.

HAB. Sandy shores. May— July: %. Plant
pale green ; stem decumb. ; Jl. blue ; leg. hairy.

442. LATHYRUS. Vetchling. Leguminosce.

L. palustris : stem quadrangular, winged ; stipules
semisagittate, large, ovate, mucronate ; leaflets
in 3 pairs, oblong-ovate, mucronate ; peduncles
4 — 6-flowered, rather longer than the leaves.

HAB. Wet thickets. June — July. U . Stem weak:
leav, broad, or narrorv-ovate ; jl, purp.

L. myrtif alius : stem naked, quadrangular; stipule?
semisagittate, lanceolate, acuminate; leaflets 4,
oblong-lanceolate, acute, mucronate, reticulately
veined ; peduncles longer than the leaves, about
3-flowered.

!IAB. Salt marshes. July — Aug. U. Fl. purp. and
rose-coloured.

L. venosus : stem naked, quadrangular; stipules
semisagittate, ovate, acuminate ; leaflets numer-
ous, (about 5 pairs,) subalternate, ovate, obtuse,
mucronate, veined ; peduncles shorter than the
leaves ; 5 — 10-flowered.

HAB. Mountains. July. U. Leaflets large ; jl.
purp.

4 13. VICIA. Vetch. Leguminosce.

V. sativa : flowers mostly by pairs, sessile ; legumes
erect ; lower leaves retuse ; stipules toothed, or
laciniatc, with a dark spot beneath.
HAB. Rocky shores June. ©. Stem \—'2j(.

long ; leav. pubes. or smooth ; jl. sm., blur.
. V. americana: peduncle- 4 — 10-flowered, shorter
than the leaves; Btipules Beraisagittate, denl
leaflets 8 — 12, elliptical-lanceolate, obi
smo
HAB. Shady thickets. June, li . Stem ion
distant ; Jl. large, purp.

164 DIADELPHIA.— DECANDRIA.

3. V. Cracca: spikes many-flowered, retrorsely imbri
cate, longer than the leaves; leaflets lanceolate,
pubescent; stipules semisagittate, mostly entire.
HAB. Meadows and thickets. Aug. U . Stem
subpubes.; leav. pinnate; fl. sm.,purp.

I. V. caroliniana: peduncles many-flowered, as long
as or longer than the leaves ; flowers distant ; sti-
pules ovate-lanceolate, entire; leaflets 3 — 10, el-
liptical-lanceolate, rather smooth.
HAB. Rocky hills. May— June. U. Stem long,
climb. ; fl. small, num., white.

444. ERVUM. Tare. Leguminosai.

1. E. hirsutum: peduncles many-flowered; legumes

hairy, 2-seeded ; leaflets linear-oblong, truncate.
HAB. Rocky places, near salt water. May — June.
0. Fl. minute, blue.

2. E. tetraspermum : peduncles mostly 2-flowered

legume smooth, 4 — 5-seeded ; leaves oblong, trun-
cate.
HAB. With the preceding. May — June. © .
Stem very slend. ; fl. minute, blue.

445. ASTRAGALUS. Milk-vetch. Le gummosa.

\» A. carolinianus : caulescent, erect ; leaflets (41) ob-
long, pubescent beneath ; spikes pedunculate ;
bracts lanceolate, as long as the peduncles ; le-
gumes ovate, tumid, rostrate.
HAB. Mountains. June — July. U. Spikes dense :
fl. num., pale yellow.

I. A. canadensis: caulescent, diffuse; leaflets (21,
smooth on both sides ; legume subcylindrical, niu
cronate.
HAB. Barren fields. June. U . Stem c 2ft. high ;
legume ovate, tumid? ; fl. yell.

446. MELILOTUS. Melilot. LeguminosdH.

M. officinalis: legumes naked, 2-seeded, rugose:
leaflets ovate-oblong, dentate ; stem erect.

HAB. Wet meadows. Aug. ©. $. Stem 2 — 3
ft. high; fl. yell, in long racem. — Plant odor.

DIADELPHIA.— DECANDRIA. 266

447. TRIFOLIUM. Trefoil. Leguminosoz.
* Legumes 3 — ^-seeded.

1. T. repens: heads umbellate ; legumes 4-seedecL
covered by the persistent corolla ; stem creep-
ing.
HAB. Meadows, &c. May— Oct. U. Stem 6—
12 in. long ; pet. very long ; fl. wh.

Z. T. reflexum : decumbent, pubescent ; leaflets ob-
ovate ; stipules obliquely cordate ; heads many-
flowered ; flowers pedicellate, all at length re
flexed ; legumes mostly 4-seeded.
HAB. Rocky upland. "June. U. Very pubes. ;
fl. in large heads, red.

** Legume \seeded.

t Vexillum deciduous ; {Flowers not yellow.)

3. T. pratense : heads dense, ovate ; lower tooth ot
the calyx shorter than the tube of the monopetal-
ous corolla ; leaflets oval, entire ; stem ascend-
ing.

HAB. Meadows, &c. May— Oct. U. Stem 1— 2
ft. high ; fl. red, frag. §.
I. T. pennsyhanicum : ascending; stem much bran-
ched ; flexuous ; leaflets ovatp-elliptical, obtuse,
very entire ; stipules awned ; spikes ovate-cylindri-
cal, solitary, dense; lower tooth of the calyx shorter
than the monopetalous corolla.

HAB. Woods and fields. June— Sept. U . Fl. red.
>. T. arvense : heads very hairy, oblong-cylindrical ;
teeth of the calyx setaceous, longer than the co
rolla; leaflets villous, nnrrow-obovate.

HAB. Dry fields. June— Sept. 0. Stem 6— 12
in high ; fl. minute, wh. or pink.

tt Vexillum persistent, scarious. {Flowers yellow. )

T. procumbens : heads oval, densely imbricate ;
vexillum sulcate, reflexcd ; stem procumbent
middle leaflet petiolate.

266 PIADELPHIA.— DECANDRIA.

HAB. Sandy soils. June. 0. Stem 2 — 8 in-
long ; Uafi. obovate ; fl. brown when old.

7. T. agrarium : erect, subpubescent ; leaflets Ian*

ceolate-cuneate, obtuse ; intermediate one sessile ;
stipules lanceolate, acute ; heads oval, imbricate ;
vexillum deflexed, persistent ; teeth of the calyx
subulate, smoeth, unequal.
HAB. Sandy soils. June. ©. Stem 1 ft. high ; fl.
small.

8. T. campestre : spike ovate, imbricate ; vexillum

deflexed, persistent ; leaflets lanceolate-ovate,
middle one petiolate ; stem sub-diffuse ; branches
decumbent.
HAB. Sandy soils. June. 0.

448. STYLOSANTHES. Leguminoscn.

S. elatior : stem erect, pubescent on one side ; leaflets

lanceolate, smooth, acute ; bracts lanceolate, cili-

ate, 3 — 4-flowered ; loment indurated, 1 -seeded.

HAB. Sandy woods. July— Aug. U. Stem 12

in. high, branch. ; bracts hisp. ; fl. yell.

449. LESPEDEZA. Bush-clover. Leguminosa>.

I. L. frutescens ; stem erect; leaflets elliptical, ob-
tuse, silky-pubescent ; flowers in subcapitate fas-
cicles, shorter than the leaves, conglomerate to-
wards the summit of the stem ; loments hairy,
shorter than the villous calyx.

HAB. Dry woods. Sept. U. Stem 2— 3 ft. high,
hairy ; petiol. short ; cor. wh. and red.
*?. L. angustifolia : stem erect ; leaflets linear-lanceo-
late, hoary, pubescent ; racemes capitate, longer
than the leaves ; corolla longer than the calyx.

HAB. Sandy woods. Sept. U . Stem 2—3 ft.
high ; leav. 2 — 3 lin. broad ; heads sm.; fl. wh.
3. L. Stuvei: stem erect, simple, silky-villous ; leaf-
lets elliptic-oval ; racemes pedunculate scarcely
longer than the leaves, loose ; loments naked,
pubescent.

HAB. Sandy fields, U. Stem 2— 3 ft. high, pu-
hes. soft ; pedunc. 1 in. long ; cor. purp.

DIADELPHIA.— DECANDRIA. 267

4. L. kirta: erect, branched, very villous; leaflets
roundish ; racemes capitate, axillary, on pedun-
cles longer than the leaves ; corolla and loments
as long as the calyx.
HAB. Dry woods. Aug.— Sept. U". Stem 2— 4
ft. high ; racem. ovate, dense ; fl. reddish-wh.

6. L. sessiliflora : erect, somewhat branched ; leaflet*-
oblong-oval, obtuse ; fascicles of flowers subses-
sile ; axillary ones partly racemose ; loment na-
ked, acute.
HAB. Dry woods. Aug.— Sept. U . Stem 2 ft.
high, slend. ; pet. long ; fl. violet.

6. L. reticulata : stem erect, simple or branched, near-

ly smooth ; leaflets oblong-linear, hairy beneath ;
fascicles of flowers subsessile, numerous ; axillary-
ones sub-racemose ; loment ovate, reticulate,
acute.
HAB. Dry woods. Aug. U . Stem 2 ft. high,
slend. ; leaves 2-lin. broad ; fl. violet.

7. L. violacea : diffuse, much branched ; leaves on

long petioles ; leaflets oval-elliptic, obtuse, sub-
strigose beneath ; racemes setaceous, longer than
the petioles, sub-umbellate ; flowers by pairs, dis-
tinctly pedicellate ; loments rbtoinboidal, reticu-
late, and smooth.
HAB. Dry, woods. Aug. U- Stems long, slend..
nearly procumb. ; fl. violet.

8. L. procumbens : slender, procumbent, every where

pubescent ; leaflets oval ; peduncles very long,
setaceous ; racemes short ; loments suborbicular :
pubescent.
IIAB. Sandy fields and woods. Aug. — Sept. U
Stems 2 — "6 ft. long ; fl. purp.
'. L. prostrata : smooth, prostrate ; leaves on very
short petioles ; leaflets obovate-'eliiptir, obtuse :
racemes axillary and terminal, subpaniculate ;
peduncles very long ; loments oval, subpubescent.
I JAB. Sandy soils. Aug. U. Stem very slend.
branch. ; fl. violet.

450. HEDYSARUM. Sainfoin. Leguminoscc.
L II. canadense : leaves ternate, oblong-lanceolute

>68 DIADELPHIA.— DECANDRIA,

stipules filiform ; flowers racemed ; joints of the
loment obtusely triangular, hispid.
HAB. Woods. July. U. Stem 3 ft. high ; leav.
3 in. long ; fl. purp. ; bract, long.

I. H. canescens : erect, hairy; stem with ciliate an-
gles, hispid ; leaves ternate, roundish, with ap-
pressed hairs beneath ; stipules ovate, acuminate ;
racemes paniculate ; bracts cordate ; joints of the
loment triangular, hispid.
HAB. Dry barren woods. June — Aug. U . Fl.
pale purp.

t. H. marilandicum : erect, branched, hairy ; leaves
ternate, oblong, subvillous beneath ; stipules sub-
ulate ; racemes paniculate ; loments 3-jointed ;
joints rhomboida). reticulate, a little hairy.
HAB. Dry woods. July — Aug. U . Stem hairy?
above ; petiole long ; pan. loose.

J, H. ciliare : erect, somewhat hairy ; leaves ternate,
approximate, on very short petioles ; leaflets
small, oval, obtuse ; stipules subulate ; panicle
terminal; joints of the loment (2 — 3) semiorbicu-
lar, hispid.
HAB. Dry swamps. Aug. U. Stem 2 ft. high,
slend. ; leav. small, numerous.

5. H. obtusum : stem erect, very slender, smoothish ;
leaves ternate, ovate, obtuse, subcordate at the
base ; stipules subulate ; panicle terminal ; joints
of the loment semiorbicular, reticulate, hispid.
HAB. Woods. Aug. U . Stem 2 ft. high, branch. :
leav. 1 in. long ; lorn. 3-joint.

S. H. viridiflorum : stem erect, branched, scabrous;
leaves ternate, ovate, obtuse, scabrous above, vil-
lous and very soft beneath ; panicle terminal, very
long, naked ; joints of the loment triangular.
HAB. Woods:- Aug. U . Stem 3 ft. high, pubes. :
fl. greenish externally.

7. H. hnmifnsum: stem prostrate, smooth; leaves
ternate ; lea&Vk ternate, slightly hairy ; racemes
elongated ; joints of tne loment subrhomboidal.
HAB. Woods. Aug. U . Leav. subacute; pan.
loose ; joints 4 — 5, hisp.

3. H. rotundifolium : stem .prostrate, hairy ; leaves
ternate, suborbicular, hairy ; stipules cordate.

DIADELPHIA,— DECANDRIA. 269

reflexed ; racemes axillary, paniculate ; joints of
the loment subrhomboidal.

HAB. Rocky woods. Aug. U . Stem 2—3 ft.

long; leav. large; racem. few-fl.

9. H. paniculatum : erect, smooth; leaves ternate,

oblong-lanceolate, or elliptical, smooth ; stipules

subulate ; joints of the loment (4 — 5) rhomboidal.

HAB. Woods. Aug. U. Stem 3 ft. high, slend.,
striate ; leav. long ; loment large.
10. H. strictum : erect, subpubescent ; leaves ternate ;
leaflets sublinear, smooth, reticulate ; stipules
subulate ; racemes axillary and terminal ; loments
mostly 2-jointed ; joints lunate-triangular, hispid.

HAB. Pine barrens. Aug. U . Stem slender,
branch. ; leav. 2 — 3 lin. broad.
H. H. laevigatum: very smooth ; stem erect, or sub-
decumbent ; leaves ternate, on long petioles,
ovate, acute, subcoriaceous, somewhat glaucous ;
panicle terminal ; bracts ovate, acute, shorter
than the flower buds ; joints of the loment trian-
gular.

HAB. Woods, Aug. U . Petiol. long ; leav,
large ; loment 3 — 5-joint, hisp.

12. H. nudifiorum : leaves ternate, broad oval, acu-

minate, slightly glaucous beneath ; scape panicled.
smooth, radical ; joints of the loment obtusely
triangular.
HAB. Woods. Aug. U. Stem 8— 10 in. high ;
pet. long ; scape 2 — 3 ft. long, slend.

13. H. acuminatum : erect, simple, pubescent ; leaves
ternate, ovate, conspicuously acuminate, a little
hairy ; panicle terminal, on a very long naked pe-
duncle ; joints of the loment roundish.

• HAB. Woods. July— Aug. U. Stem Q— 12 in.
high; pan. 1 — 2ft. long.

14. H. cuspidatum: erect, smooth ; leaves ternate,

ovate, conspicuously acuminate ; stipules lanceo-
late ; panicle terminal; bracts large, ovate, acu-
minate ; joints of the loment subtriangular.
HAB. Woods. Aug. U. Stem 3— 5 ft. high .
leaves andjl. large ; loment 3 — 6 jointed.
H. alpinum 3: erect; leaves pinnate: leaflets
Z 2

270 DIADELPHIA.— DECANDRIA.

oval-oblong, hairy ; stipules partly sheathing ;
joints nearly round, smooth.
IIAB. Mountains. U . Fl. purp.

451. JESCHYNOMENE. Leguminosce.

.£. kispida : stem erect, and with the petioles, pedun-
cles, and loments hispid ; leaves in many pairs ;
leaflets linear, obtuse ; racemes simple, few-
flowered.
HAB. River marshes. Aug. © . Stem 2 — 3 ft.
high ; leaf., very num. ; fl- yell, and red.

452. PHASEOLUS. Kidney-bean. Leguminosce.

?.perennis: twining, pubescent ; racemes paniculate,
mostly by pairs ; leaflets ovate, acuminate, triply
nerved ; legumes pendulous.
HAB. Dry woods. July. U. Stem long; pan.
6 — 12 in. long ; leg. broad-falcate.

453. STROPHOSTYLES. Leguminosce.

I . S. angulosa : leaves ternate ; leaflets angular, 2—

3-lobed ; flowers capitate, on peduncles longer

than the leaves.
HAB. Rocky banks. Aug. ©. Stem prostrate.

somewhat hairy ; lower leaves entire.
I. S. helvolus: climbing or prostrate ; leaves ternate ;

leaflets oblong-ovate ; flowers capitate, on very

long peduncles.
HAB. Sandy fields. July— Aug. U. Stem branch. •

pedunc. 6 — 8 in. long.

454. APIOS. Leguminosce.

\, tuberosa.
HAB. Shady thickets. July— Aug. U. Root tub. ;
stem twining ; leaves pinnate ; leafl. 5 — 7 ; racem.
axill. ; fl. dark purp.

455. AMPHICARPA. Leguminosce.

i. monoica: leaves ternate, ovate, smooth ; stem hairy ;
racemes of the stem pendulous, petaliferous, ste-

DIADELPHIA.— DECANDRIA. 271

rile ; radical peduncles, bearing apetalous fertile
flowers.
HAB. Woods and thickets. July— Aug. U . Stem
twin., slend. ; fl. racem., pale purp.

456. GALACTIA. Leguminosce.

1. G. glabella : leaves ternate. ovate, and elliptic, sub'

coriaceous, shining, eraarginate at each end, smooth
above ; racemes pedunculate, as long as the leaves ;
calyx smooth ; legumes pubescent.
HAB. Pine barrens. Aug. U. Stem prost. ; fl.
reddish-pur p., large.

2. G. mollis: plant villous-hoary; leaves ternate, oval or

elliptic, pale beneath; racemes axillary, simple,
elongated, few-flowered ; legumes villous.
HAB. Pine barrens. July — Aug. U. Fl. ptirp.,
with yell, and white.

457. CLITORIA. Leguminosce.

\. C. mariana: leaves ternate, ovate, acute, pale be-
neath ; calyx tubular-campanulate, 5-cleft, much
longer than the linear bracts ; legume torulose.
HAB. Shady river-banks. Aug. U . Erect or
twin. ; fl. large, pale blue.

2. C. virginiana : leaves ternate, ovate ; calyx 5-parted,
scarcely as long as the bracts ; segments subulate,
diverging ; legumes subensiform.
HAB. Hedges. Aug. H . Stern twirling ; fl. very
large, pale violet.

458. ROBINIA. Locust. Leguminosce.

11. Pseudacaria : leaves pinnate, with an odd leaflet ;
stipules prickly ; racemes pendulous ; teeth of the
calyx unarmed ; legumes smooth.
HAB. About plantations. May. A large tree ; fl:
large, wh. in ! mg roc em.

. TEPIIKOSIA. Leguminosce.

T. virginica : erect, villous; leaflets numerous, ob
long-lanceolate, acuminate ; raceme terminal, sub
sessile ; legumes falcate, villous

272 SYNGENESIA—JEQJUALIS.

HAB. Dry woods. July. U . Stem 12 in. high .
leav. pale gr. ; fl. wh. andpurp.

460. MEDIGAGO. None such. Leguminosae.

M. lupulina: spikes ovate; legumes reniform, 1-
seeded. veined and rugose ; stems procumbent.
HAB. Fields, &c. May— Oct. Q. Stems diffuse ;
spikes small, yell.

SYNGENESIA.
JEQTJALIS.

*' Florets all ligulate.

461. C1CHOR1UM. Cal. surrounded with ieaiy

scales. Recept. somewhat chaffy. Pappus
plumose, sessile, unequal.

462. APARGIA. Cal. imbricate. Recept. naked

punctate. Pappus plumose, sessile, unequal.

463. LEONTODON. Cal. imbricate, with flaccid

scales. Recept. naked. Pappus simple, stipi-
tate.

464. PRENANTHES. Cal. surrounded with leafy

scales, Florets few, (5—20.) Recept. naked.
Pappus simple, subsessile.

465. LACTUCA. Cal. imbricate, cylindrical; scales

membranaceous at the margin. Recept. naked.
Pappus simple, stipitate.

466. SONCHUS. Cal. imbricate, swelling at the

base. Recept. naked. Pappus simple, sessile.

467. HIERACIUM. Cal. imbricate, ovate. Recept.

nearly punctate. Pappus simple, sessile.

468. KR1G1A. Cal. many-leaved, simple. Recept.

naked. Pappus double ; exterior 5 — 3-leaved ;
interior of 5, 8, or 24 scabrous bristles.
* * Florets all tubular, forming a hemispherical head.

469. ARCTIUM. Cal. globose, with the scales hook-

ed at their extremity. Recept. chaffy. Pappus
setaceous-chaffy.

470. ONOPORDON. CaJ. ventricose, imbricate with

SYNGENESIA.— SUPERFLUA. 275

spreading spinous scales. Recept. pitted. Pap-
pus capillary, deciduous, scabrous.

471. CNICUS. Cal. ventricose, imbricate with spi-

nous scales. Recept. hairy. Pappus decidu-
ous, plumose.

472. LIATRIS. Cal. oblong, imbricate. Recept. na-

ked. Pappus plumose, persistent, (mostly co
loured.) Seed pubescent, striate, obconic.

473. VERNONIA. Cal. ovate, imbricate. Stig. bi-

fid. Pappus double ; exterior short and chaffy ;
interior capillary.

* * * Florets all tubular, erect, forming a nearly
level top.

474. KUHNIA. Cal. imbricate, cylindric. Recept.

naked. Pappus plumose, sessile. Seed pubes-
cent with numerous striae.

475. EUPATORIUM. Cat. imbricate, oblong. Style

much exsert, deeply cleft. Recept. naked.
Pappus scabrous. Seed 5-Btriate, or angular.

476. MIKANIA. Cal. 4— 6-leavecI, 4— 6-flowered.

Recept. naked. Pappus hairy.

477. CHRYSOCOMA. Cal. imbricate, oblong or he-

mispherical. Style scarcely exserted. Recept,
naked. Pappus hairy, scabrous. Seed pubes-
cent.

478. CACALIA. Cal. cylindric, scaly at the base.

Recept. naked. Pappus hairy.

479. SPAKGANOPHORUS. Cal. subglobose, imbri-

cate ; scales recurved at the point. Recept.
naked. Seed crowned with a cartilaginous
shining cup.

SUPERFLUA.

* Florets of the ray obsolete.

480. TANACETLIM. Cal. imbricate, hemispherical ;

scales acuminate. Rays oi" the corolla obsolete,
tritiil. Recept. naked. Pappus somewhat mar-
gined.
161. ARTEMISIA. Cal. ovate, imbricate; scales
rounded, connivent. Florets of the ray subu-
late. Recept. subvillous or naked. Pappus

274 SYNGENESIA.— SUPERFLUA.

482. BACCHARIS. Cal. imbricate, cylindric ; scales

ovate, subcoriaceous. Fertile florets mixed
with the perfect. Recept. naked. Pappus
hairy.

483. CONYZA. Cal. imbricate ; scales often sub-

scarious. Recept. naked. Marginal florets fer-
tile, 3-cleft. Pappus simple and capillary.

484. GNAPHALIUM. Cal. imbricate ; scales scari-

ous, mostly coloured. Recept. naked. Florets
of the ray subulate ; fertile florets entire. Pap-
pus scabrous.

* * Florets of the ray ligulate.

485. ER1GERON. Cal. imbricate, subhemisphericaL

Florets of the ray very numerous and narrow.
Recept. naked. Pappus double ; exterior mi-
nute ; interior hairy, of few rays.

486. INULA. Cal. imbricate. Florets of the ray nu-

merous, (yellow.) Recept. naked. Pappus sim-
ple, scabrous ; (sometimes with a minute exte-
rior chaffy pappus.)

487. ASTER. Cal. imbricate, with the lower scales

often spreading. Florets of the ray generally
more than 10, rarely fewer, (not yellow.) Re-
cept. naked. Pappus simple.

488. SOLIDAGO. Cal. imbricate, scales connivent.

Florets of the ray about 5, (yellow.) Recept.
naked. Pappus simple, scabrous.

489. ARNICA. Cal. hemispherical ; leaflets equal,

longer than the disk. Recept. naked. Pappus
simple, hairy. Florets of the ray (yellow) of-
ten destitute of anthers.

490. SENECIO. Cal. subcylindric, equal, scaly at

the base ; scales withered at the points. Re
eept. naked. Pappus simple. (Rays sometimes
wanting.)

491. TUSS1LAGO. Cal. simple, equal, membrana-

ceous, swelling. Recept. naked. Pappus sim-
ple, sessile. (Flowers mostlv discous.)

492. BOLTONIA. Cal. imbricate. Rays numerous.

Recept. conic, punctate. Seeds flat and sub-
marginate. Pappus consisting of many minute

SYNGENESIA.— FRUSTRANEA. Fib

bristles, with 2 of them opposite, and mostly
elongated.

493. CHRYSANTHEMUM. CaL hemispherical, im-

bricate ; scales with membranaceous margins.
Recept. naked. Pappus 0.

494. VERBESINA. CaL many-leaved ; leaflets dis-

posed in a double series. Rays about 5. Re-
cept. chaffy. Pappus 2-awned.

195. ANTHEM1S. CaL hemispherical ; scales near-

ly equal, with scarious margins. Recept. con-
vex, with flat rigid chaff. Seed crowned with a
membranaceous border.

196. ACHILLEA. CaL ovate, imbricate, unequal.

Rays 5 — 10, roundish-obcordate. Seeds without
pappus or border.

197. HELIOPSIS. CaL imbricate ; scales suborate,

lined. Rays large and linear. Recept. chaffy,
conic ; chaff lanceolate. Seed quadrangular.
Pappus 0.
490. HELENIUM. CaL simple, many-parted. Rays
3-cleft. Recept. naked, globose, chaffy on the
margin. Seed villous. Pappus of 5-awned
scales.

FRUSTRANEA.

199. HELIANTHUS. Cat. imbricate, subsquarrose..
leafy. Recept. chaffy, flat. Pappus chaffy, 2-
leaved, caducous.

500. RUDBECKIA. CaL subequal, mostly double.

Recept. conic, chaffy. Pappus a 4-toothed mar
gin.

501. BIDENS. CaL subequal, leafy or scaly at the

base. Rays often wanting. Recept. chaffy, flat.

Pappus consisting of 2 — 4 retrorsefy scabrous

awns. Seed quadrangular.
.02. COREOPSIS. CaL double ; each many-leaved ;

the interior equal, subcoriaceous and coloured.

Recept. chaffy ; scales flat. Seed compressed,

emarginate, bidcntate.
503. ACTINOMERIS. CaL simple, many-leaved,

foliaceous, subequal. Rays remote, elongated,

(4—8.) Recept. small and chaffy ; the leaflet?

*76 SYNGENES1A.— mqjOAUS.

embracing the margin of the seed. Seed com-
pressed, margined, crowned with 2 persistent
awns.

NECESSARIA.

504. SILPHIUM. Cal. squarrose ; scales broad and

leafy. Recept. chaffy. Seed flat, obcordate,
emarginate, bidentate.

505. POLYMNIA. Cal. double ; exterior 4—5-

leaved ; interior 10-leaved ; leaflets concave.
Recept. chaffy. Pappus 0.

506. IVA. Cal. about 5-leaved, or 5-parted. Florets

of the ray 5. Recept. hairy. Seed obovate :
naked.

SEGREGATA.

507. ELEPHANTOPUS. Partial Cal. 4-flowered.

Florets 5-cleft. ligulate, perfect. Recept. naked.
Pappus setaceous.

SYNGENESIA.
^EQUALIS.

461. CICHOR1UM. Succory. Composite*.

C. Intybus : flowers axillary, sessile, in pairs ; leaves
runcinate.
HAB. Fields. July—Sept. U. Stem 2— 3 ft.
high, branch., rough ; fi. large, bl. §.

462. APARGIA. Composite.

A. auiumnalis : scape branching ; peduncles squamose ;
leaves lanceolate, dentate or pinnatitid, smoothish ;
calyx elongated.
HAB. Fields, &c. June — Nov. U . Leav. rad. }
scape spread., assurg. ; fl. yell, §.

SYNGENESIA.— ^QUALIS. 277

463. LEONTODON. Dandelion, Composite.

L. Taraxacum : exterior scales of the calyx reflexed *,
leaves runcinate, smooth, dentate.
HAB. Pastures, &c. April— Nov. U. Smooth;
leav. rad. ; fl. large , yelU

464. PRENANTHES. Composite.

. P. alba : radical leaves angular-hastate, somewhat

lobed ; stem-leaves roundish-ovate, dentate, petio

late ; racemes panicled, nodding ; calyx 8-cleftj

9 — 12-flowered.
HAB. Low woods. Aug.— Sept. U . Stem 2 —

3 ft. high ; Jl. white or pur p.
u. serpentaria : radical leaves palmate-sinuate ;

those of the stem on long petioles, with the mid-
dle segment 3-parted.
HAB. Mountains. Aug. — Sept. FL purp.
8, nana: stem low ; lower leaves 3-parted ; middle

ones hastate ; upper ones ovate or lanceolate ;

sometimes all are entire.
II AB. High mountains. Aug. Stem 4 — 15 in.

high; fl. purp., often erect.
I, P. altissima : stem branched ; leaves 3-lobed, petio-

late, angular, denticulate, scabrous on the margin ;

racemes axillary ; flowers nodding ; calyx about

5-flowered.
HAB. Woods. Aug. U. Stem 3- 5 ft. high;fl.

yellowish.
\. P. cordata : stem paniculate above ; leaves petio-

late, cordate, denticulate, ciliate ; the uppermost

ones sessile, oblong, entire ; flowers racemose, in

a loose panicle, nodding ; calyx G-cleft, 6-flowered.
HAB. Rocky woods. Aug. U. Stem 3 — 4 ft.

high ; fl. yellowish.
k. P. virgata : smooth ; stem simple ; leaves all lyrate

sinuate ; flowers subsecund, pendulous ; cafyl

smooth, 8-cleft, 10-flowered.
HAB. River banks. Sept. U . Stem S— 4 ft.

high, slcnd. ; fl. purp.
.. P. racemosa : stem simple; leaves ill undivided,

tmoothish ; radical ones oral -lanceolate, deol
A a

278 SYNGYNESIA.— JEQ.UALIS.

late ; radical ones closely sessile ; raceme oblong ;
flowers in nodding fascicles ; calyx very hairy.
8 — 9-parted, 9 — 12-flowered.
HAB. Swamps. Aug.— Sept. U. Stem 2 ft. high ;
fl. purp.

465. LACTUCA. Lettuce. Composite.

1. L. elongata: leaves smooth ; the lower ones runci*
nate, amplexicaul ; upper ones lanceolate, sessile ;
flowers paniculate.
HAB. Wet woods. U. £. July— Aug. Stem 4— 6
ft. high ; pan. large, loose ; fl. yell.
?. L. hirsuta : lower part of the stem and leaves hairy ;
radical leaves lyrate ; segments truncate, subden-
tate; upper ones partly runcinate-pinnatifid ; flow-
ers in racemes.
HAB. Pennsylvania. Aug. U . Fl. yell, and purp.
3. L. intcgrifolia : leaves sagittate, entire, unarmed.,
amplexicaul ; flowers panicletl.
HAB. Roadsides. July. $. Stem 3—4 ft. high,
smooth ; fl. yell.
1. L. sanguinea: leaves amplexicaul, runcinate, glau-
cous beneath; with the midrib filamentous ; flowers
panicled.
HAB. Woods. July— Aug. $? Stem 2—3 fl
high, purp. ; cal. purp. ; fl. crim.

466. SONCHUS. Sow-thistle. Composite.

1. S. oleraceus : peduncles tomentose ; calyx smooth
leaves runcinate, dentate.
HAB. Waste places. July— Sept. ©. Stem
2 — 3 ft. high, hollow ; fl. yell. §.
\ S. arvensis: peduncles and calyx hi?pid, sub umbel-
late ; leaves runcinate, denticulate, cordate at the
base ; root creeping.
HAB. Banks of rivers. U. Stem % ft. high:
glandular-hairy ; fl. large, yell. §.
). S. leucophccus : peduncles squ;»mo>e; flowers race-
mose ; leaves runcinate, acuminate ; stem virgate
and panicled.
UAB. Swamps. Sept. U-6*- Stem 2 ft. high :
fl. yellowish.

SYNGENESIA— JEQ.UALIS. 279

4. S. acuminatus : peduncles subsquamose ; flowers

paniculate ; radical leaves subruncinate ; cauline
ones ovate, acuminate, petiolate, denticulate in the
middle.
HAB. Woods. Aug. $ . Stem 4— 5 ft. high ; fl.
small, blue.

5. S. pallidus : raceme compound, terminal ; leaves

lanceolate-ensiform, amplexicaul, dentate.
HAB. Fields. July. U . Stem 2—3 ft. high ;
fl. small, yell.

6. S. Jloridanus : peduncles subsquamose ; flowers pa-

niculate ; leaves lyrate-runcinate, minutely den
tate, petiolate.
HAB. Roadsides. Aug. $. Stem 3—5 ft. high :
pan. long ; fl. sm., blue.

7. S. macrophyllus : peduncles hairy, naked ; flowers

paniculate ; leaves lyrate ; cordate at the base,
hairy beneath.
HAB. Low grounds. Aug. — Sept. U. Stem 4 — 7
ft. hi%h ; fl. large, blue.

8. S. spinulosus : leaves amplexicaul, oblong, undu-

late, spinulose ; flower* somewhat umbelled.
HAB. Salt marshes. Aug. @. Stem 2 ft. high;
pedun. smooth, or subpilose ; fl. yell.

467. HIERAC1UM. Hawk-weed. Composite.

1. H. venosum: ?cape naked, paniculate, smooth;
leaves obovate-lanceolate a little hairy above,
naked beneath, ciliate ; the veins coloured ; calyx
smooth.

HAB. Woods. July— Aug. U. Scape 1— 2 ft.

high ; leav. rad. ; fl. yell.
\\. Gronovii : scape leafy, paniculate : calyx glandu-
lar-hairy ; leaves obovate, obtuse, entire, strigose ;
midrib beneath very villous.

IIAB. Dry hills. Aug.— Sept. U. Stem 2 ft.
high, nearly naked ; pedicels gland.
'. II. pamcutatum : smoothish ; stem erect, lenfy,
whitish tomnntose ; pedicels capillary ; leaves lan-
ceolate, naked, dentate, membranaceous.

HAB. Wood-. Ann;.— Sept. U. Stem 1 ft. high .
leav. smooth; pedicels long.

2S0 SYNGENESIA.~-yEQ,UALIS.

4-. H.Kalmii: stem erect, subvillose ; leaves sessile
lanceolate, acuminate, acutely and divaricately
dentate ; panicle subcorymbose ; pedicels to-
mentose.
HAB. Rocky woods. Aug. U. SltmZft. high ;
pedicels thick,

■). H. marianum : stem erect, villous ; leaves obovate
or elliptic, strigose and hispid, villous on the mid-
rib ; the lower ones slightly dentate; pedicels
and calyx tomentose.
HAB. Sandy hills. Aug.— Sept. Stem 2 ft. high .
•pan. dense ; ped. gland.

468. KRIGIA. Composites.

1. K. virginica : glaucous; primary leaves roundish

entire; the rest lyrate, nearly smooth; scape 1-
flowered, smooth, at length longer than the leaves ;
calyx smooth.
HAB," Sandy soils. May — July. 0. Scape 1—6
in. high ; fl. sm., orange.

2, K. amplexicaulis : glaucous ; leaves oblong-ovate ;

radical ones subdentate, spathulate; scape some-
what leafy, often bifid ; branches 2 — 3-flowered ;
pappus with many bristles.
HAB. Woods. June. U. Stem 1 ft. high ; pe*
dune, elong. ; fl. large, orange.

469. ARCTIUM. Burdock. Composite/*.

A. Lappa : leaves cordate, petiolate, without

prickl-es.
HAB. Road sides, &c. July — Dec. U. Leai\
large, spread. ; fl. term., purp. §.

HO. ONOPORDUM. Cotton Thistle. Composite

O. Acanthium: scales of the calyx spreading, subu-
late ; leaves ovate-oblong, decurrent, sinuate and
spinous, woolly on both sides.

HAB. Waste places. July. £ . Plant white and
woolly ; fl. large, solit., purp. §.

SYNGENESIA.— .EQUALIS. 281

471. CNICUS. Thistle. Composites.
* Leaves decurrent.

1. G. lanceolatus : leaves decurrent, pinnatifid, hispid ;

the segments divaricate and spinous ; calyx ovate,
tomentose ; scales lanceolate, spreading.
HAB. Waste places. July— Sept. £. Stem 2 — 1
ft. high; leav. toment. beneath. §.

* * Leaves sessile.

2. C. altissimus: leaves sessile, oblong-lanceolate.

scabrous, tomentose beneath, dentate, ciliate;
radical ones pinnatifid ; calyx ovate, bracteate ;
scales ovate-lanceolate, spinous, appressed.
HAB. Old fields. June— Sept. U . Stem 3—8
ft. high; fi. subsolit., large, purp. or wh.

3. C. arvensis : leaves sessile; pinnatifid, spinous;

stem paniculate ; calyx ovate or globose ; scales
ovate-lanceolate, mucronate, appressed.
HAB. Road sides, kc. July. U . Root creep. ;
stem 2 — 3 ft. high; fi. sm. } purp. § ?

4« C. horridulus : leaves sessile, pinnatifid, acutely
laciniate, very spinous, woolly beneath; involu
crum many-leaved, 1-fiowered, scales acute.
HAB. Fields. June— Aug. $. Stem 1—2 ft.
high ; fi. axil, and term., large, yeilozvish.

>. C. muticus: leaves all pinnatifid, woolly beneath :

segments spinulous, somewhat acute ; branches

naked, 1 -flowered ; calyx globose ; scales unarmed,

HAB. Meadows. Aug. — Sept. g. Stem subsimp..

3 — 4 ft. high ; cal. woolly.

«j. C. discolor: leaves sessile, lanceolate, pinnatifid.
smooth above, white and tomentose beneath ; seg-
ments 2-lobed, spinous; calyx subglobose ; scales
appressed, with reflexed points.
HAB. Thickets. July— Sept. $ . Stem 3—5
ft. high, much branch. ; fi. red. -purp.

7. C. xirginianus: stem simple, attenuated, mostly 1-
tlowered ; leaves sessile, lanceolate, hoary and
tomentose beneath, very smooth above, remotely
dentate ; teeth spinous ; calyx ovate ; scales im-
pressed, with short points, carinatc.
A a 2

282 SYNGENESIA.— jEQUALIS.

HAB. Woods. June. U. Stem 3—5 ft. high ,
slend. ; cal. glutin. ; fl. purp.
3. C. pumilus : stem hairy ; leaves amplexicaul, green
on both sides, oblong-lanceolate, pinnatifid ; seg-
ments irregularly lobed, ciliate and spinous; calyx
subglobose, naked; scales appressed, spinous.
HAB. Sandy fields. Aug. $. Stem thick, 1 ft.
high; fl. few, large, purp.
9. C. glutinosus: leaves pinnatifid, with divaricate seg-
ments ; calyx ovate, with unarmed glutinous scales.
HAB. Damp soils. Aug. — Sept. £. Stem 4 — 6
ft. high ;fl. small, purp. ; cal. webbed.

472. LIATRIS. Composite.

i. L. squarrosa : stem simple, pubescent; leaves linear ;
very long ; raceme few-dowered, leafy ; calyx
large, about 20-flowered ; scales leafy, lanceolate.,
mucronate, rigid and spreading ; segments of the
florets linear, villous internally.
HAB. Dry woods. Sept. U . Root tub. ; stem
2 — 3 ft. high ; fl. few, very large.

2. L. scariosa : stem erect, hairy; leaves lanceolate.

pubescent, scabrous along the margin ; raceme
long; calyx 14-flowered ; scales obovate, nearly
smooth, with the margin scarious ; the lower ones
spreading.
HAB. Sandy hills and woods. Sept. ty. Stem
3 — 4 ft. high ; fl. num., large,

3. L. spicata : leaves linear, entire, smooth, ciliate ai

the base, nerved and punctate ; raceme spiked .
scales of the calyx linear, obtuse.
HAB. Moist meadows. Aug. U . Stem 3—5 /L
high, smooth; cal. S-fl.

4. L. pilosa : stem simple, pubescent ; leaves linear.

hairy, ciliate ; flowers racemose, loose ; scales of
the calyx oblong, obtuse ; pedicels bracteate.
HAB. Pine barrens. Sept.— Oct. U. Root bulb,
stem. sle7uh; fl. small.

473. VERNONIA. Composite.
1. V. noveboracensis : leaves numerous, lanceolate,
scabrous, serrulate ; corymb fastigiate ; scales of
the calyx AJiform at the extremity.

SYNGENESIA.-vEQJJALIS. 283

IIAB. Low grounds. Aug. — Oct. U . Stem 4 —
ft. high; jl. large, purp.
2. V. prozalta: stem angular, densely pubescent;
leaves numerous, lanceolate, acutely serrate, pu-
bescent beneath; corymb fastigiate ; scales of the
calyx ovate, acute, unarmed.

HAB. Meadows. Aug.— Oct. U. Very tall ; fl.
purp*

474. KUHNIA. Composites.

1. K. eupatorioides : smooth ; leaves petiolale, broad-

lanceolate, serrate, corymb terminal, few-flow-
ered, crowded.
HAB. Shady woods. Aug.— Sept. % . Stem 2—3
ft. high: fl. vtfh.i cal. 10-/.

2. K. Critonia: leaves linear, nearly entire, punctate

beneath ; panicle long, expanding.
IIAB. Rocky banks. Sept. U. Stem slend..
striate, pubes. ; fl. wh. ; seed striate.

Alb. EUPATORIUM. Hemp Agrimony. Composite*.

* Calyx 3 — 5-flowered.

1. E. hyssopifolium : stem erect; lowest leaves oppo-

site, linear, very entire or subdentate, pubescent.
3-nerved; corymb subfastigiate; style much longer
than the corolla.
JIAB. Pine barrens. Aug. U . Stem 2 ft. high .
leav. punc ; fl. wh.

2. E. linearifolium : stem subprocumbent, villouV

above ; stem-leaves opposite, lanceolate-linear,
rarely dentate, sometimes fasciculate ; style as
long as the corolla.
UAB. Sandy fields. Aug.— Nov. U. Stem 1—%
ft. high, subviscid; fl. wh.
\ E. sessilifolium : leaves sessile, amplexicaul, dislincr
ovnte-lanceolate, rounded at the base, ver\
smooth; stem smooth.
HAB. Rocky woods. Aug. — Sept. U. Stem '-'
ft. high; leav. large; fl. wh.
A. E. truiKatum : leaves sessile, amplexicaul, distinct,

284 SYNGENESIA.— jEQJJALIS

lanceolate, truncate at the base, serrate, nearly
smooth ; stem pubescent.
II AB. Rocky woods. July — Oct. H. Leav. punci..
coarsely serrate; fl. wh.
5. E. album: leaves subsessile, oblong-lanceolate,
scabrous, serrate ; interior scales of the calyx
long, scarious, and white.
HAB. Pine barrens. Sept.— Oct. U . Stem 18
in. high, slend., pubes. , cal. gland.
Q. E. lance.olatum: leaves sessile, distinct, oblong-
lanceolate, scabrous, deeply serrate at the base ;
scales of the calyx of one colour.
HAB. Low grounds. Aug. — Nov. Fl. white.
7. E. teucrifolium : leaves sessile, distinct, ovate, sca-
brous, coarsely serrate at the base ; uppermost
ones entire.
HAB. Low grounds. Aug. — Sept. H. Stem 2
ft. high ; leav. subamplex. ; fl. wh.
3. E. melissoides : leaves petiolate ovate, rather obtuse,
serrate, veined, smoothish.
HAB. Pennsylvania. U . Fl. wh.

9. E. rotundifolium : leaves sessile, roundish-cordate.

obtusely serrate, veined ; scales of the calyx acu-
minate.
HAB. Sandy fields. Sept.— Oct. H. Stem 18
in. high ; leav. large ; fl. subfastig.

10. E. pubescens : leaves sessile, distinct, ovate, sca-
brous, veined ; the lower ones doubly serrate ;
tipper ones subserrate ; stem paniculate, pubes-
cent ; branches fastigiale.

HAB. Sandy woods. Aug. — Oct. H . Branched:
leav. acute ; fl. wh.
H. E. ceanoihifulium : leaves petiolate, ovate, acumi-
nate, dentate, triply nerved, smooth.

HAB. Rocky woods. Aug. — Nov. U- . Stem2fl.
high ] leav. large ; fl. wh.

12. E. ovatum: hairy, scabrous ; leaves opposite, ses-
sile ; ovate, obtusely dentate ; corymb fastigiate :
calyxes about 8-flowered.

HAB. Low grounds. July— Aug. H . Stem 3 — 4
ft. high ; fl. wh. ; cal. hairy.

13. E. altissimum: leaves subsessile, lanceolate, 3-

SYNGENESIA.— jEQUALIS. 235

nerved, attenuate ?t each end, pubescent ; the in-
ferior ones serrate about the middle.
HAB. Sandy woods. Aug.— Oct. U . Stem 3—7
ft. high ; Jl. white.

14. E. amcenum : leaves on short petioles, opposite and
ternate, lanceolate-oblong, acute at each extremity,
serrate, nearly smooth, subrugose ; reticulately
veined beneath ; corymb crowded ; scales of the
calyx acute, coloured.

HAB. Mountains. Sept.— Oct. U. Stem 2ft.
high, solid; pedunc. foment. ; Jl. purp.

15. E. trifoliatum: leaves petiolate, ternate and qua-
ternate, ovate, acuminate, serrate, subscabrous.
punctate.

HAB. Woods. Aug.— Sept. U. Stem 3— 4 ft.
high, solid; corymb, large, purp.

* * Calyx more than b-flowered.

16. E. purpureum : leaves petiolate by fours or fives,

ovate-lanceolate, serrate, rugosely veined, slightly
scabrous ; stem hollow.
HAB. Low grounds. Aug. — Sept. U . Stem 5 — €
ft. high, purp. ; Jl. purp.; cal. 84eav.

17. E. maculatum> leaves petiolate, by fours or fives,
ovate-lanceolate, unequally serrate, pubescent be-
neath ; stem solid, sulcatc.

HAB. Low grounds. Aug. — Sept. U . Stem 4 — 5
ft. high, punct. ; cal. 5 — S-Jl.

18. E. verticillatum : leaves petiolate, by threes or
fours, ovate-lanceolate, acuminate at each end.
unequally serrate, nearly smooth ; stem solid

HAB. Wet woods. Aug. — Sept. U. Stem 3 — 4
ft. high, slend. ; cal. xvh. ; Jl. purp.

19. E. punctatum: leaves petiolate, by fours and fives,
acuminate, serrate, scabrous on both sides ; stem
solid, terete.

HAB. Mountains. Aug. — Oct. U . FL purp.

20. E. perfuliafum ; leaves connate-perfoliate, pubes-
cent.

HAB. Low grounds. Aug. — Sept. U. Stem 2 ft.
high, branch., vill. ; leav. large; Jl. zvh.

21. E, celestinum; leaves petiolate, cordate-ovate, ob

?86 SYNGENESIA.— JCQUALIS.

tusely dentate, triply nerved, subscabrous ; calyx
tnany-leaved, many-flowered; flowers corymbed.
HAB. Mountains. Aug. — Sept. lj. . Stem 2 ft.
high ; fl. large, blue, dense,

22. E. aromaticnm ; leaves petiolate, ovate, acute, ob-
tusely dentate, subscabrous; stem paniculate above:
flowers corymbed; calyx simple.

HAB. Dry woods. Aug. U . Stem 2 ft. high,
pubes. ; leav. triply nerv. ; Jl. large, wh.

23. E. ageratoides : leaves on long petioles, subcor-
date, ovate, acuminate, dentate, nearly smooth,
triply nerved ; corymb many-flowered ; calyx
nearly equal.

HAB. Rocky hills. Aug.— Oct. U. . Stem 2 ft.
high, smooth; jl. num., wh., small.

476. , MIKANIA. Composite.

.1 M. scandens : stern climbing, smooth ; leaves cor-
date, re pan Edentate acuminate, with divaricate
unequal lobes; flowers corymbed.
HAB. -Joist thickets July— Sept. U . Leav.
oppos. ; corymb. axilL, pink.

2. M. pubescens : stem climbing, pubescent ; leaves
cordate, acuminate, angularly dentate, pubescent
on both si('es; lobes divaricate, equal.
HAB. Low grounds. Sept. U . Fl. pale purp.;
odor. ; cah pubes.

All. CHRYSOCOMA. Goldy-locks. Composite.

C. virgata : herbaceous, smooth ; leaves all narrow
and linear ; stem virgately branched ; branches
corymbiferous, fastigiate ; calyx oblong, 3 — 4-
flowered; scales glutinous and appressed.
HAB. Swamps. U . Stem 18 in. high, branch.;
leav. 1 — 2 in. long ; jl. yell.

478. CACALIA. Composite.

1. C. suaveolens : stem herbaceous; leaves petiolate,
hastate-sagittate, serrate, smooth, green on both
sides; flowers corymbed, erect; calyx many-
flowered.

SYNGENESIA.— SUPERFLUA. 287

HAB. Banks of rivers. Aug. U. Stem 3—4 ft.
high ; leav. large ; fl. wh. ; anth. yell.

C. atriplicifolia : stem herbaceous ; leaves petiolate,
smooth, glaucous beneath ; radical ones cordate,
dentate ; of the stem rhomboidal, subdentate on
each side; flowers corymbed, erect; calyx 5-
flowered.

II AB. Banks of rivers. Aug. U . Stem 3—6 ft.

high. ; pedunc. wh. ,• fl. sm., yell.
, C . reniformis : stem herbaceous; leaves petiolate.
smooth, hairy on the veins beneath ; radical ones
cordate, reniform, repandly dentate ; of the stem
oblong, dentate, cuneate and very entire at the
base ; corymb fastigiate; calyx many-flowered.

HAB. Banks of rivers. July. lj. . Stem 5 — 7 ft.
high ; fl. yell.-wh.

479. SPARGANOPHORUS. Composites.

S. verticillatus : leaves linear, verticillate ; flowers

few, terminal; pappus campanulate, 5-toothed.
HAB. Swamps. Aug. U . Stem simp.; I ft. high,
■whorl. 6 — 8 leav. ; fl. pur p.

SUPERFLUA.

480. TANACETUM. Tansey. Composite.

T. vulgare : leaves doubly pinnate, incisely serrate,
HAB. Old fields, &c. Aug. — Sept. H. Plant
odor. : fl. dense t yell. §.

481. ARTEMISIA. Wormwood. Composite.

I. A. canadensis : stem herbaceous, paniculate, mostly
erect; radical loaves subpinnate, slightly tomeo
tose; cauline ones pinnate, segments subsetaceous.
Incised, flat, nearly smooth ; flowers subglobose-
sessile ; scales of the calyx scarious.
HAB. Sandy shores. Aag. M . Stcm3—<\ ft. high,

brownish ; fl. glomerate.
A. caudata : stem simple, herbaceous, much branch
ed, pyramidal ; radical and cauline leaves bipin

nate, pubescent; upper ones pinnate; segment.-

>88 SYNGENESIA.— SUPERFLUA.

subsetaceous, alternate, divaricate, somewhat coil'
vex ; flowers pedicellate, erect, globose-ovate.

HAB. Seashores. U. Stem 2 ft. high.
3. A. vulgaris : leaves tomentose beneath ; cauline
ones pinnatifid ; divisions lanceolate, subdentate,
acute; floral leaves linear-lanceolate, entire; flow-
ers subsessile, oblong, erect ; calyx tomentose.

HAB. Rocky hills. Sept. U . Stem 2 ft. high;
leav. green above. § ?

482. BACCHARIS. Ploughman's Spikenard. Cum*
posited.

B. halimifolia : leaves obovate, incisely dentate
above ; panicle compound, leafy ; fascicles pedun-
culate.

HAB. Sea coast. Sept.— Oct. h • Plant pulve-
rulent ; leav. thick ; pap. long, silky.

483. CONYZA. Marsh-fleabane. Composite.

C camphorata: leaves ovate-lanceolate, somewhat
pubescent, acute, serrate; the serratures mucro-
nate ; flowers in crowded corymbs.
HAB. Salt marshes. Aug. U. Strong-scented y
stem 1 ft, high ; fl. purp,

484. GNAPHAL1UM. Cud-weed. Composite.

1. G. plantagineum : shoots procumbent ; stem simple;

radical leaves ovate, 3-nerved, mucronate ; flow-
ers dioecious.
HAB. Dry hills and woods. Apr. — Sept. ty .
Plant downy ; rod. leav. large ; fl. pale purp.

2. G. polycephalum : herbaceous, erect ; leaves linear*

lanceolate, acute, smooth above, pubescent be-
neath ; stem paniculate, tomentose ; corymbs ter-
minal, crowded.
HAB. Woods and low grounds. Aug. ©. Strong-
scented, branch. ; fl. dust., pale yell.

3. G. margaritaceum: herbaceous; leaves linear-

lanceolate, acuminate, alternate ; stem branched
at the top ; corymb fastigiate ; flowers pedicellate.
HAB. Fields and woods. Aug. ty . Stem 1— t2
fit. high , woolly ; fl. large, few, wh.

SYNGENESIA.— SUPERFLUA. 28&

?. G. uliginosvm : stem much branched; branches

spreading, woolly; leaves linear-lanceolate; flowers

in terminal, leafy crowded heads.
HAB. Low grounds, &c. Aug, ©. Stem low,

spread. ; cal. yellowish.
o. G. americanum : stem herbaceous, erect, branched ;

leaves obovatc-spathulate, pubescent beneath ;

flowers axillary and terminal, in glomerate spikes.
HAB. Fields and woods. June. ©. Stem 6 — 8

in. high ; fl. yell.-wh.

6. G. purpureum : herbaceous ; leaves linear-spathu-

late, tomentose beneath ; stem erect, simple :
flowers sessile, glomerate, axillary and terminal.
HAB. Fields. June. U . Stolonif. ; atem 8—12
in. high; Jl. purplish.

7. G. germamcum : stem erect, proliferously branched

upward; leaves lanceolate, cottony ; flowers small.

in dense round heads, axillary and terminal.
HAB. Fields. July. ©. Stem 6—8 in. high:

branch, few, horizontal ; fl. yell.
;. G. decurrens: stem erect, much branched; leaves

linear-lanceolate, very acute, decurrent, white and

woolly beneath, naked above ; flowers in dense

terminal roundish clusters.
IIAB. Hills and fields. Aug. % . Stem 2 ft. high;

leav. green above ; jl. yell.
K G. sylvaticum : stem erect, simple, downy ; flowers

in a leafy spike ; leaves linear-lanceolate, downy,

particularly beneath.
HAB. Woods. July. U. Stem 12 in. high ; basr :

subdecumb. ; cal. brownish.

185. ERIGERON. Flea-bane. Composite.

E. bellidifoliurn : hairy, gray; radical leaves obovate,
subserrate ; stem leaves remote, oblong-ovate, ;im-
plexicaul, entire; stern 3 — 5-flowered; rays Dearly
twice as long as the hemispherical calyx.
HAB. Hills. May. U. Stem erect, simp., 12— 18
ill. high ; fl. pale pur p.
1. E. integrifolium : stem simple, leafy, smooth; leav 6J
lanceolate, entire, 3-nerved ; flowers corymbe.l ;
calyx hemispherical ; scales acute.
B b

290 SYNGENESIA.— SUPERFLUA.

HAB. Woods, &c. June— Aug. U. Stem 2 ft

high, ; leav. rarely subdent. ; Jl. whi
3. E. philadelphicum : pubescent ; leaves cuneate-ob-

long, subserrate ; those of the stem semiamplexi-

caul ; florets of the ray capillary, as long as the

disk ; stem branched above, many-flowered.
HAB. Old fields. June— Oct. U. Stem 2— 3 ft.

high, slend.; Jl, pale purp.
i. E. purpureum : pubescent ; leaves oblong, dentate,

amplexicaul ; upper ones very entire ; peduncles

corymbed, thick ; the inferior ones elongated ;

rays twice as long as the calyx.
HAB. Woods. June. U. Stem 2 ft. high ; Jl.

large, purp.
.5. E. strigosum : hairy and strigose ; leaves lanceolate.

attenuate at each end, with a few coarse teeth in

the middle, or entire ; flowers in a corymbose

panicle.
HAB. Fields and woods. June — Oct. $. Stem

2 — 3 ft. high, side; rays capill., wh.
6. E. heterophyllum : radical leaves roundish-ovate.

with large teeth, petiolate; stem leaves lanceolate.

acute, serrate in the middle ; corymb terminal.
HAB. Meadows. June— Oct. $ . Stem 2—3 fv.

high ; leav. large ; Jl. wh.

* Subgenus CjENOTUS. Calyx oblong ; rays very
numerous, minute ; pappus simple.

7. E. canadense : stem hairy or hispid, paniculate :
leaves lanceolate ; lower ones subserrate ; rays
crowded, very short.
HAB. Fields and cultivated grounds. Aug. — Not.
0. Stem 4 in. — 5 ft. high. Variable.

486. INULA. Composite?.

1. I. Helenium: leaves amplexicaul, ovate, rugose, to-
mentose beneath ; scales of the calyx.
HAB. Road sides. July— Aug. U . Stem 3~ 4
ft. high; leav. large ; Jl. yell.

SYNGENESIA.— SUPERFLUA. 291

* Subgenus CHRYS0PS1S. Calyx imbricated,; rays
of the corolla mostly yellow ; anthers naked at the base ;
pappus double ; exterior paleaceous minute ; interior
scabrous, many-rayed ; seeds obovate, villous.

2. I. mariana: hairy; leaves oblong-lanceolate, ser-

rate ; upper ones sessile, acute ; lower spathulate,
mostly obtuse ; corymb simple ; calyx viscidly pu-
bescent.
HAB. Woods. Aug. U . Stem 18 in. high ; rays
10—12 oblong.

3. l.falcata : woolly and villous; leaves sessile, linear,

acute, rigid, subfalcate ; calyx subtomentose.
HAB. Pine-barrens. Sept— Oct. U . Stem 6—12
in. high ; ft. small.

4. I. graminifolia : silky; leaves lanceolate, linear,

acute, entire, nerved ; corymb compound ; stem
leafy towards the summit.
HAB. Sandy woods. Aug.— Oct. U . Stem 2 //.
high; leav. long, subrigid.

487. ASTER. Starwort. Composite.

* Calyx white, green at the summit ; florets of the ray

about 5, white.

1. A. solidaginoides : leaves linear-lanceolate, entire,
scabrous on the margin ; flowers sessile aggre-
gate ; calyx imbricate, with the scales obtuse,
appressed.

HAB. Dry woods. July— Aug. U . Stem 2 ft.
high ; ft. fastig. -corymb.
2. A. conyzoides : leaves oval-lanceolate, acute, serrate
towards the summit, triply nerved ; the lower
ones attenuate at the base ; upper entire ; scales
of the calyx oval, obtuse, appressed, slightly re-
flexed at the summit.

HAB. Woods and copses. July — Aug. U. Stem
2 ft. high; leav. thick; cal. cylivd.

* * Florets of the ray numerous ; pappus single.

| Leaves eniire.

\. hyssopifolius : leaves linear-lanceolate, 3-nerved.
punctate, acute, scabrous on the margin ; branches

292 SYNGENES1A.— SUPERFLUA.

fastigiate, clustered ; florets of the ray about 5
calyx imbricate, half as long as the disk.
HAB. Sandy fields. Aug. U . Stem 18 in. high,
slend. ; Jl. small, wh., or purplish.

4. A. subulatus : smooth ; stem much branched from

the base, paniculate ; leaves long and linear, very
acute; uppermost subulate; calyx subcylindric
with subulate scales ; radical florets minute.
HAB. Salt marshes. Aug.— Nov. ©! Stem 12
— 18 in. high ; Jl. small, purp.

5. A. foliolosus : leaves linear-lanceolate, attenuate at

each end, acuminate ; stem pubescent, paniculate^
erect ; branches few-flowered ; calyx imbricate,
with linear acute appressed scales.

HAB. Dry fields. Aug.— Oct. U. FL small,
white.
3. A. paludosus: stem simple ; leaves linear subulate,
smooth, amplexicaul ; peduncles few, one-flow-
ered, pubescent, leafy ; calyx squarrose.

HAB. Open swamps. Aug. U . Stem 3 — 5 Jl.
Jl. large, blue ; cal. subfoliaceous.

7. A. tenuifolius : leaves linear-lanceolate, tapering at

each end, very entire ; margin slightly scabrous ;

stem smooth, branched, erect, with 1-flowereu

branches ; scales of the calyx acute, loose.
HAB. Fields. Sept. U . Stem 2 ft. high, pubes.

above ; Jl. s/n., pale purp.
0. dumosus : branches paniculate, with very short

leaves.
HAB. Fields. Sept. FL wh. or pale purp.
y. ericoides : leaves linear ; those on the branches

short and approximate ; stem smooth.
HAB. Rocky fields. Sept. Lower leaves long ;

very smooth : Jl. pale purp.

8. A. multiflorus : leaves linear, entire, nearly smooth,

somewhat ciliate ; stem diffusely branched, pu-
bescent, calyx imbricate squarrose, with oblong,

Plllfltc SCJllGS.

HAB. Rocky fields. Sept. U . Stem 2 ft. high.

very pubes. ; Jl. wh. ; disk yell.
/3. cilmtus: leaves distinctly ciliate ; those of the

branches very short.
HAB. With the preceding.

SYNGENESIA.— SUPERFLUA. 293

9. A. sparsijiorus : very smooth ; stem sparingly

branched, somewhat flexuou3 ; leaves long and
succulent ; the inferior ones sublanceolate-linear;
superior subulate ; branches one-flowered, leafy ;
scales of the calyx lanceolate, acuminate, ap-
pressed ; rays numerous, shorter than the calyx.
HAB. Salt marshes. Aug.— Oct. U. Stem 12 in.
high;fl. large, purp.

10. A. concolor : leaves oblong-lanceolate, entire,
whitish-pubescent on both sides ; stem simple,
erect, pubescent ; raceme terminal ; scales of
the calyx lanceolate, silky, appressed.

HAB. Pine barrens. Oct. U. Root of ten tuber .;
stem virg. ; Jl. large, blue.

11. A. salicifolius : leaves linear-lanceolate, nearly
entire ; stem smooth, paniculate above ; calyx
loose, imbricate ; scales acute, spreading at their
points.

HAB. Low grounds. Sept. U. Stem tall; Jl.
middle-sized, reddish-blue.

12. A. astivus : leaves lanceolate, subamplexicaul, at-
tenuated at the apex ; margin scabrous ; stem
branched from the base, erect, hispid ; branches
hairy; scales of the calyx loose, linear, acute,
equal.

HAB. Dry swamps. Sept. $. Stem 2 ft. high .
Jl. middle-sized ; rays blue.

13. A. novae an glicb: leaves linear-lanceolate, amplexr-
caul, auriculate at the base ; stem hairy and pani-
culate ; flowers subsolitary on the branchlets.
somewhat fastigiate ; scales of the calyx loose,
linear-lanceolate, rather longer than the disk.

11AB. Fields. Aug.— Oct. U. Stem 4— 6 ft.
high;Jl. large, purp.-bl. ; rays numerous.

14. A. cyaneus : leaves linear-lanceolate, amplexisaul.
smooth ; stem branched, with the branches ex-
panding, very smooth ; flowers in paniculate ra*
cemes ; scales of the calyx loose, lanceolate, as
long as the disk.

HAB. Along fences. Sept. U- , Stem 3 ft. high .
subgfauc. ; Jl. blue, large.

15. A. phlogifulius : leaves lanceolate, cordate, am

plexicaul. pubescent beneath, scabrous on tlie

594 SYNGENESIA.— SUPERFLUA.

margin ; stem simple, pubescent ; panicle termi-
nal, loose, few-flowered; scales of the calyx loose,
lanceolate.
HAB. Sandy woods. Sept. U. Stem 12— 18 in.
high, slend. ; Jl. violet.

16. A. patens: leaves oblong-lanceolate, ciliate, cor-
date and amplexicaul, scabrous and hairy on both
sides, those on the branches minute ; branches
spreading, elongated, few-flowered ; scales of the
calyx spreading, lanceolate.

HAB. Rocky soils. Sept.— Oct. y.. Stem li— 2
ft. high; Jl. blue.

\ j Leaves lanceolate and ovate; the lower ones serrate.

a Flowers corymbed.

17. A. Mtdijlorus : stem simple and smooth ; leaves
sessile, ovate-lanceolate, subacuminate, all sharply
serrate, scabious above; corymb few-flowered ;
peduncles pubescent, naked, mostly 1-flowered ;
calyx hemispherical, closely imbricate ; scales
linear-oblong, ciliate.

HAB. Swamps. U . Stem 2 — 3 ft. high ; pedum
long ; Jl. large , pale pur p.

18. A. Radula: leaves lanceolate, serrate, acuminate,

rugous and very scabrous ; stem erect, angular,
simple ; corymb terminal ; calyx imbricate ; scales
lanceolate, rather obtuse, subsquarrose.
HAB. High mountains. Sept. U . Fl. middle
sized; rays shorty white.
0. A. strictus : leaves sessile, narrow-lanceolate, ser-
rate, scabrous ; 6tem one or few-flowered at the
summit ; scales of the calyx imbricate, appressed
oblong, acute, about equal to the disk.
\HAB. High mountains. Sept. — Oct. U . Stem
4—8 in. high ; Jl. pale violet.
20, A. svrculosus : stem simple, low, slender, minutely
pubescent ; lower leaves linear-lanceolate, entire,
or subserrate, scabrous above ; upper ones linear,
amplexicaul ; corymb 3 — 5 flowered, somewhat
naked ; calyx imbricate, subsquarrose ; scales
ciliate, linear-oblong ; inner ones obtuse ; rays
numerous.

SYNGENESIA.—SUPERFLUA. 295

IIAB. Margin of swamps. U. . Root stolonif.,
creep. ; Jl. large, pur p.

21. A. spectabilis- leaves oblong-lanceolate, somewhat
scabrous, subamplexicaul ; lower ones serrate in
the middle ; branches corymbed ; calyx hemis-
pherical, with a subglandular pubescence, folia-
ceous, and squarrose ; leaflets ciliate, cuneate-
ovate, partly acute.

HAB. Sandy swamps. Oct. 1J- . Branch. 2—3-/. ;

Jl. large, blue.
j3. bcllidifolius : leaves oblong-obovate, serrate,

corymb nearly simple, or with the branches mostly

1 -flowered.
IIAB. With the preceding. Stem not hairy and

glandular above.

22. A. serotinus : leaves oblong-lanceolate, acuminate,

sessile, smooth, scabrous on the margin ; inferior
serrate ; branches corymbose, smooth ; branchlets
one-flowered; scales of the calyx lanceolate, acu-
minate, spreading.
IIAB. Low grounds. Sept.— Oct. 1J. . Stem 3ft.
high ; Jl. large, blue.

23. A. puniceus: leaves amplexicaul, lanceolate, ser-
rate, somewhat scabrous ; branches paniculate :
calyx loose, longer than the disk; leaflets linear
lanceolate, subequal ; stem hispid.

IIAB. Brackish swamps. Sept. H. Stem 6 ft.

high, purp. ; Jl. large, purp.
21. A.fluribundus : leaves subamplexicaul, lanceolate;

inferior serrate; stem smooth; branches corymbed;

branchlets many-flowered, hairy ; scales of tin

calyx loose, lanceolate, imbricate.
J1AB. Pennsylvania, if.
J5. A. novi belgii : leaves subamplexicaul, lanceo

late, smooth, scabrous on the margin ; inferior

subserrate ; branches subdivided ; calyx loose.

imbricate ; leaflets linear-lanceolate ; stem terete.

smooth.
IIAB. Fields. Aug.— Sept. U. Stem 3 ft. high

jl. middle sized, purp.

A. acuminatus : leaves broad-lanceolate, narrowed

nod entire at the base, unequally serrate above

long-acuminate ; stem simple, flexuous, angular

296 SYNGENESIA.— SUPERFLUA.

panicle divaricately dichotomous ; scales of the
calyx loose, linear. *

HAB. Mountains. Sept. U . Stem 12 in. high ;
leav. large ; JI. izh.

27. A. dracunculoides : leaves linear, acuminate, en-
tire ; lower linear-lanceolate, slightly serrate ;
branches corymbose ; calyx imbricate ; stem
nearly smooth.

HAB. Fields. Sept.— Oct. U. Stem 3 ft. high,;
JI. small, wh.

b Flowers panicled.

28. A. amplexicaulis : leaves ovate-oblong, acute, am

plexicaul, cordate, serrate, smooth ; stem panicu-
late, smooth ; branches 1 — 2-flowered ; scales of
the calyx closely imbricate.

HAB. Dry woods. Sept.— Oct. U. Stem 18 in.
high ; JI. blue.
*9. A. laevigatas: leaves subamplexicaul, broad-lan-
ceolate, subserrate, smooth; stem much branched,
smooth ; branches many-flowered ; scales of the
calyx lanceolate, loose, equal to the disk.

HAB. Low grounds, Oct. H . Stem 2—3 ft.
high ; fl. pale pur p.
3Q. A. versicolor: leaves subamplexicaul, broad-lan-
ceolate, subserrate, smooth; radical ones serrate in
the middle ; stem much branched, smooth ; scales
of the calyx lanceolate, loose, shorter than the
disk.

DAB. Fields. Sept.— Oct. U. Stem 2 ft. high ;
Ji. pale blue or inhite.
31. A. mutabilis : leaves subamplexicaul ; upper ones
lanceolate, acuminate, very entire ; inferior lan-
ceolate, narrow at the base, serrate ; branches
virgate ; calyx loose, shorter than the disk ; stem
smooth.

11AB. Fields and dry woods. Sept. U. Stem
2—3 //. high ; JI. pur p.
£2; A. laevis : leaves subamplexicaul, remote, oblong,
very entire, shining ; radical oneg subserrate :
branches simple 1 -flowered, scales of the calyx
subcuoeiform, acute, thickened at the tip ; stem
smooth angular.

SYNGENESIA.— SUPERFLUA. 29;

HAB. Low grounds. Oct. U . Stem 2 ft. high .
fl. large, blue.

33. A. concinnus: leaves lanceolate, subamplexicaul :
inferior ones subserrate, smooth ; stem simple,
paniculate above ; calyx closely imbricate.

HAB. Fields. Sept. U. Stem 2 ft. high; Jl.
purple.

34. A. bellidiflorus : leaves amplexicaul, narrow-lan-
ceolate, scabrous above ; inferior ones subserrate;
stem much branched ; scales of the calyx lanceo
late, spreading.

HAB. Pennsylvania. A var. of A. spectabalis?

35. A. tardiflorus : leaves sessile, spathulate-lanceo-
late, serrate, smooth, attenuate at the base ; margin
reflexed ; branches divaricate ; calyx loose; scales
lanceolate-linear, subequal, smooth.

HAB. Low grounds. Sept. — Oct. H . Fl. middle
sized, violet.

36. A. Tradescanti : leaves lanceolate, serrate, sessile,,
smooth ; branches virgate ; calyx loose, imbricate;
stem terete, smooth.

HAB. Fields. Aug.— Oct. Stem 3 ft. high ; fl.
small, wh. or blue.

p. recurvatus ; leaves narrow-lanceolate ; stem re-
curved.

37. A. eminens ; leaves linear-lanceolate, acuminate,
scabrous on the margin ; inferior ones subserrate;
stem paniculate ; branches one-flowered ; calyx
loosely-imbricate ; scales lanceolate.

HAB. Fields. Sept. U. Fl. lilac.

38. A. laxu* : leaves linear-lanceolate, acuminate, sca-

brous on the margin , the lower ones subserrate,

those of the stem subreflexed, of the branches

much spreading ; stem loose, paniculate above ;

calyx imbricate ; scales lanceolate, acute, reflexed

at the apex.
HAB. Fields. Sept.— Oct. U. Fl. small, white.

A. fimplex : leaves lanceolate, acuminate, scabrous

on the margin, those of the stem serrate at the end.

•f the branches very entire ; stem quite smooth.

paniculate above ; calyx loose ; scales linear-subu

late.
MAI-. Pennsylvania. 1| . Fl. xvh.

298 SYNGENESIA.— SUPERFLUA.

40. A. polyphyllus : leaves linear, very entire ; radical
ones oblong, subserrate ; stem much branched,
pubescent ; calyx loose.

HAB. Pennsylvania. If.. Fl. white.

41. A. junceus : leaves lanceolate-linear, sessile,
smooth ; lower ones subserrate ; stem paniculate,
smooth ; branches virgate ; calyx imbricate.

HAB. Low grounds. Oct. U . Stem tall, slend. ;

fl. flesh-col.
Q. lanceolatus : stem branched, diffuse, rather smooth.

42. A. fragilis : leaves linear, acuminate, very entire;
radical ones serrate, oblong ; branches corymbose-
paniculate ; scales of the calyx appressed ; stem
nearly smooth.

HAB. Old fields. Sept. U • Stem 2 ft. high; fl.
small, wh.

43. A. miser : leaves sessile, lanceolate, serrate,
smooth ; scales of the calyx acute ; disk equal to
the ray ; stem somewhat villous.

HAB. Old fields. Sept.— Oct. FL small, white.
a. divergens : leaves elliptical lanceolate, those of

the stem elongated ; branches spreading.
/3. diffusus : leaves all proportioned.
y. pendulus ; leaves of the brunches rather remote :

branches very divaricate, pendulous.

c Leaves cordate, serrate.

41. A. undulatus : leaves oblong-cordate, amplexicauK
very entire, hairy, somewhat undulate ; inferior
ones ovate, cordate, subserrate ; petioles winged ;
stem paniculate, hispid ; branches secund, leafy,
1 -flowered.
HAB. Dry woods, &c. Sept. U. Stem 2 ft
high ; fl. middle-sized, bl.

45. A. sagittifolius : leaves oblong-lanceolate, acumi-

nate, sessile, serrate in the middle ; radical ones
oblong, cordate-sagittate, serrate, petiolate ; stem
branched, smooth ; scales of the calyx loose, lan-
ceolate.
HAB. In rocky woods ? Sept. TJ. . Fl. middle-
sized, blue.

46. A. paniculatus : leaves ovate-lanceolate, subser-
rate. netiolate, smooth; radical ones ovate-cordatp

SYNGENESIA.— SUPERFLUA. 299

serrate, scabrous, petiolate ; petioles naked ; stem
mnch branched, smooth ; branches hairy ; calyx
loose, subimbricate.
HAB. Fields and woods. Sept. If:. Stem 2— S
ft. high; fl. pale blue. Near A. undulatus.

47. A. cordifolius : leaves cordate, hairy beneatb,
acutely serrate, petiolate ; petioles winged ; stem
paniculate, smoothish ; panicle divaricate ; calyx
loose, subimbricate.

HAB. Rocky woods. Sept. U. Stem2ft. high;
jl. rather small, pale blue.

48. A. corymbosus : leaves ovate, acutely serrate, acu-
minate, smoothish ; inferior ones cordate, petio-
late ; petioles naked ; stem smooth, corymbose-
fastigiate above ; branches hairy ; calyx oblong,
imbricate; scales obtuse, closely appressed.

HAB. Dry woods. July — Aug. U . Stein 2 ft.
high ; Jl. middle-sized, wh.

49. A. macrophyllus : leaves ovate, petiolate, serrate,
scabrous; upper ones ovate-cordate, sessile ; infe-
rior cordate, petiolate ; petioles somewhat mar-
gined ; stem branched, diffuse ; calyx cylindrical,
closely imbricate ; scales oblong, ?cute.

HAB. Woods. Aug. U- Stem 2 ft. high ; Jl.
pretty large, wh. or pale bl.

* * * Pappus double ; flowers mostly corymbed.

50. A. linariifolius : leaves linear, mucronatc, thick,
without nerves or punctures, carinate, scabrous.
rigid ; those of the branches recurved ; stem sub-
decumbent ; branches fastigiate, elongated, 1-
llowered ; calyx imbricate, as long as the disk.

HAB. Dry fields, and on rocks. Sept. — Oct. A
foot high; jl. violet.

51. A. rigidus : leaves linear, mucronate, subrarinate,

rigid ; margin scabrous-ciliate ; stem-leaves re-
flexed, of the branches spreading, subulate ; stem
erect, somewhat branched above; branches 1-
flowered, corymbed; calyx imbricate, half the
length of th<> disk; scales carinate, rather obtuse j
rays .about 10- flowered, reflexed.

HAB. Sandy fields. Sept. U. A foot hi- I
middle-sized, violet.

300 SYNGENES1A.— SUPERFLUA.

52. A. linifoliuB : leaves linear, without nerves or
punctures, scabrous, reflexed-spreading; branches
corymbose-fastigiate, leafy; calyx imbricate, short;
rays equal to the disk.

HAB. Dry woods, &c. Sept. — Nov. U . Stem
1 — 2 ft. high ; fl. large, wh. or pale blue.

53. A. humilis ; leaves oblong-ovate, acuminate, aeute
at the base, scabrous on the margin ; petiole short;
stem smooth, dichotomously paniculate above,
few-flowered ; calyx loose, subimbricate.

HAB. Woods, &c. Aug. lj. . Stem 1—2 ft. high :
leav. large ; ft. wh,

54. A. amygdalinus ; leaves lanceolate, attenuate at
the base, acuminate, scabrous on the margin; stem
simple, corymbose-fastigiate at the summit; calyx
loose, imbricate : scales lanceolate, obtuse.

HAB. Fields and low grounds. July — Aug. ty . A
foot high ; fl. zvh.

488. SOLIDAGO. Golden-rod. Composite.
* Racemes secund ; leaves triply nerved.

1. S. canadensis : stem villous , leaves lanceolate, ser-

rate, triply nerved, scabrous; racemes paniculate,
secund, recurved : rays short.
HAB. Old fields, &c. Aug.— Sept. U • Stem 3—4
ft. high ; leav. large.

2. S. procera : stem villous, erect ; leaves lanceolate.

serrate, scabrous, villous beneath ; racemes spi-
ciform, erect, when young drooping ; rays short.
HAB. Low grounds. Sept.— Oct. U . Stem 4—6
ft. high.

3. S. serotina : stem erect, terete, smooth ; leaves 11

near-lanceolate ; racemes paniculate, secund ; pe-
duncles pubescent.
II AB. Meadows. Sept. U . Stem 4 ft. high .
young leaves ciliate.

4. S. gigantea : stem erect, smooth ; leaves lanceolate,

serrate, scabrous on the margin, obscurely triply-
nerved ; racemes paniculate, secund ; peduncles
hairy ; rays short.
HAB* Low meadows. Sept. — Oct. i{. Stem 4 — 7
ft. high, purplish.

8YNGENESIA.—SUPERFLUA. 301

>. S.ciliuris: stem erect, smooth ■; leaves lanceolate,
subtriply nerved, smooth, except on the margin,
subserrate ; racemes paniculate, secund ; pedun^
cles smooth ; bracts ciliate ; rays short.

HAB. Borders of woods. Aug. U. Stem 3 ft,
high, angul. ; radical, leav. long,
tf. S. reflexa : stem erect, villous ; leaves lanceolate,
subserrate, triply nerved, scabrous, reflexed ;
branches paniculate, subsecund. reflexed.

HAB. Fields. Aug. U.
7, S. lateriflora: stem erect, somewhat hairy ; leaves
lanceolate, subtriply nerved, smooth, scabrous on
the margin ; lower ones subserrate ; racemes
paniculate, subrecurved, secund.

HAB. Meadows. Aug. U . Stem 2— 3 ft. higfc
•rays elongated.

* * Racemes secund ; leaves veined.

3, S. aspera : stem erect, terete, hairy ; leaves ovate
and somewhat elliptical, very rough, rugous, ser-
rate, without nerves ; racemes paniculate, secund.

HAB. Fields. Sept. 1* . Stem 3 ft. high; leav.
acute ; racem. dense.
?. S. altisn/na : stem erect, hirsute; leaves lanceo-
late, the lower ones deeply serrate, very roughi
rugous ; panicles secund ; rays short.

HAB. Old fields. Sept.— Oct. U. Stem 3—5
ft. high. — Variable.
fi). S.rugosa: stem erect, hairy ; leaves lanceolate,
very rough and rugous ; the lower ones with ap-
pressed serratures ; racemes paniculate, widely
spreading.

HAB. Stony fields. Sept.— Oct. M . Stem 4 ft.
high.

I . S. scabra: stem erect, hairy, sulcate ; Jeaves ob-
long, attenuate at each end, acuminate, smooth
above, rugous and scabrous beneath, with ap-
pressed serratures in the middle ; racemes sj
<;und.

HAB. Meadows. Aug. — Sept. U . Stem
high.

S. ncmoralis: stem erect, woollv ; cauline learea
Cc

302 SYNGENESIA.— SUPERFLUA.

lanceolate, hispid, very entire ; radical ones sul>
cuneiform, serrate ; racemes paniculate ; secund
HAB. Barren fields. Sept. U . Plant gray, 1 —
2 ft. high.

13. S. patula ; stem erect, smooth; leaves elliptical,
serrate, smooth ; lower ones obloDg-spathulate ;
racemes paniculate, secund, spreading ; peduncles
pubescent.

HAB. Dry woods. Sept. U. Stem t ft. high,
virgate ; racemes short.

14. S. ulmifolia : stem erect, smooth, striate; leaves
elliptical, deeply serrate, acuminate, villous be-
neath ; radical ones obovate ; racemes paniculate,
secund ; peduncles villous ; rays short.

HAB. Low grounds. Aug. — Sept. U . Stem oft.
high ; leaves large.

15. S. arguta : stem erect, smooth; leaves smooth,
acutely and unequally serrate ; cauline ones ellip-
tical ; radical ovate-oblong ; racemes paniculate,
secund ; rays elongate.

HAB. Meadows. Aug. U . Stem 2 ft. high.

16. S.juncea: stem erect, smooth; leases lanceolate,
smooth except on the margin ; lower ones serrate ;
racemes paniculate, secund.

HAB. Meadows and dry woods. Sept. U . Stem
Sft. high, slender.

17. S. elliptica : stem erect, smooth ; leaves elliptical,
smooth, serrate ; racemes paniculate, secund ;
rays of middling length.

HAB. Dry woods. Sept. U. Stem 3 ft. high;
lear. large and broad.

18. S. sempervirens : stem erect, smooth; leaves
linear-lanceolate, somewhat fleshy, smooth, very
entire, scabrous on the margin ; racemes pani-
culate, secund ; peduncles hairy.

HAB. Swamps. Sept.— Oct. U. Stem 2 ft. high-.
subglauc. ; rays narrow, elong., 5 — 6.

19. S. virgata : stem smooth, quite simple; leaves
subcuneate-laneeolate, obtuse, very smooth, up-
per ones very entire, appressed to the stem,
growing smaller above ; branches of the panicle
elongate, racemed at the summit : peduncles:
smooth, seeund.

SYNGENESIA.— SUPERFLUA. 303

HAB. Swamps. Oct. U . Stem atten., 3 — i ft.

high ; lower leav. subserrate ; jl. small.
?0. S. odora : stem erect, pubescent, slender ; leaves

linear-lanceolate, very entire, smooth, scabrous on

the margin ; racemes paniculate, secund.
HAB. Rocky hills and dry wood*. July — Aug. U .

Stem subvirg. ; plant odorous.

* * * Racemes erect.

21. S. speciosa : stem smooth, simple, or with virgate
branches ; leaves lanceolate, entire, somewhat
fleshy ; lower ones very broad ; radical subser-
rate ; racemes erect and compound, pubescent :
rays about 5, elongate.

HAB. Shady woods. U. Stem 4— 6 ft. high,
sulc. ; leav. large; pedunc. short.

22. S. bicolor : stem hairy ; leaves elliptic, hairy ;
lower ones serrate ; branches leafy ; racemes
short, dense, erect ; scales of the calyx obtuse.

HAB. Dry hills and woods. July — Aug. U . Stem
1 — 2 ft. high ; rays white.

23. S. stricta : stem erect, smooth ; cauline leaves
lanceolate, very entire, smooth, scabrous on the
margin ; radical ones serrate ; racemes paniculate,
erect; peduncles smooth.

HAB. Sandy woods. Sept. U. Stem 2 ft. high ;
panic, dense.
14, S. pet iol arts : stem erect, villous ; leaves elliptic,
somewhat scabrous, petiolate ; racemes erect ;
rays elongate.

HAB. Sandy fields. Sept.— Oct. U. Stem branch.;
rac.em. numerous, short.
!6. S. lanceolata : stem angular, hairy, much branched :
leaves lanceolate-linear, entire, 3— 5-nerved, sca-
brous on the margin, minutely hispid on nerves
beneath; corymbs terminal, fastigiate ; rays 15 —
20, as long as the disk.

HAB. Meadows. Sept. U . Stem 3—4 ft. high ,
Jl. glomerate ; cal. ovate.

5. tenuifolia: stem angular, much branched.
smoothish ; leaves linear, very narrow, numer-
■ brous-ciliate on the margin, obscurely : :

304 SYNGENESIA.— SUPERFLUA.

nerved, punctate above ; corymbs fastigiate ; rays-
about 10, exserted.
HAB. Sandy fields. Sept.— Oct. U. Afoot high:
ft. glomerate ; axils leafy,

27. S. caesia : stem smooth, glaucous, erect ; leaves
lanceolate, smooth j racemes erect ; rays of mid-
dling length.

HAB. In dry woods. Sept. U. Stem slend., t
ft. high, subvirgate ; pedicles scab.

28. S. fiexicaulis : stem flexuous, smooth, angular :
leaves ovate-lanceolate, acuminate, serrate, gla-
brous ; racemes axillary ; rays half as long again
as the calyx.

HAB. Fields and woods. Sept. U . Stem slend,
purp., 2ft. high; racem. short.

29. S. latifolia: stem somewhat flexuous-, angular,
smooth ; leaves broadly ovate, acuminate, deeply
serrate, smooth, petioles winged ; racemes axil-
lary.

HAB. Dry Woods. Sept.— Oct. U . Stem IS
in, high ; leav. 2 in. broad, aiten. at base,

30. S.hispida: stem erect, hispid, scabrous; leaves
lanceolate, scabrous, very entire ; radical ones
serrate ; racemes erect ; rays of middling length.

HAB. Fields and woods. Sept. U . Resembles
No. 27.

31. S. laevigata: stem erect, smooth ; leaves oblong-
lanceolate, fleshy, very entire, very smooth ; ra
cemes paniculate, erect : peduncles scaly, villous ;
rays elongate.

HAB. Salt marshes. Sept.— Oct. U. Stem 4—
5 ft. high; rays about 10; radical leaves subob
ovate.

32. S. limonifolia : stem smooth ; leaves lanceolate,
somewhat fleshy, very entire, smooth ; racemes
paniculate, suberect, nearly naked ; peduncles
scaly, pubescent ; rays about 10.

HAB. Marshes. Aug. It. Stem 3— 4 ft, high ;
pedunc. mostly l-ftow.

33. S. viminea : stem erect, subpubescent ; leaves
linear-lanceolate, membranaceous, attenuate at the
base, smooth, scabrous on the margin ; lower ones,
subserrate ; racemes erect ; rays elongate,

SYNGENESIA.— SUPERFLUA. 305

HAB. Low grounds. Sept. U .

34. S. rigida : stem hairy and scabrous ; leaves ovate-
oblong, rough, with minute hairs ; those of the
stem very entire ; lower ones serrate ; flowering
branches paniculate ; racemes compact ; rays
elongate ; scales of the calyx obtuse.

HAB. Rocky woods. Aug.— Sept. U. Stem tall ;
leaves rigid ; Jl. very large,

35. S. noveboracensis : radical leaves ovate oblong,
petiolate ; stem somewhat naked, fastigiately
branched.

HAB. Meadows. Sept. U. Stem 3 ft. high,
thick ; leav. rough ; Jl. large.
Vq. S. squarros-a : stem thick, pubescent above ; leaves
smooth ; lower ones very broad, spathulate-oval,
serrate, acute ; upper ones lanceolate-elliptic ;
racemes glomerate, rigid, and pubescent ; calyx
squarrose, many-flowered ; rays 10 — 12, elongate.
HAB. Rocky hills. Sept. U . Stem 2 ft. high ;
Jl. very large.

489. ARNICA. Composites.

A. nudicaulis: hairy; radical leaves decussate and op-*
posite, oblong-oval, subdentate ; stem nearly leaf-
less, divided at the summit into several 1-flowered
branches.
HAB. Woods. June. U. Stem 1—2 ft. high ;
leav. large, rough beneath; Jl. large, yellow.

490, SENECIO. Groundsel. Composites.

* Florets oj the rays wanting.

S. hieracifolius : stem virgate, paniculate ; leaves
oblong, amplexicaul, unequally and deeply tooth-
ed ; dentures acute ; calyx smooth ; seeds hairy.
HAB. Fields, &c. Aug.— Oct. © . Stem 2—3/*.
high, subscab. ; calyx veniric, large ; Jl. wh.
?\ S. vulgaris : leaves mostly amplexicaul, sinuate-
pinnatitid, toothed; stem paniculate, erect, angular.
HAB. Waste grounds. Aug. ©. Stem 18 in,
high ; leav. thin ; Jl. pale yell. §.
- ^ . elongatui : radical leaves spathulate, attenuate
C c2

306 SYNGENESIA.— SUPERFLUA*

into a petiole, serrate ; stem leaves pinnatifid
toothed, very remote ; peduncles elongate, um-
bellate, corymbed.
HAB. Rocky banks. July— Aug. U- . Resem-
bles S. Balsamitce.

* *- Flowers radiate.

4. S. gracilis : radical leaves on very long petioles,
orbicular, subcordate, crenate ; stem-leaves few,
very remote, linear-oblong, dilated at the base, in-
cisely dentate ; peduncles very short, hairy, sub-,
umbellate ; calyx smooth ; rays few, very short.
HAB. Rocky banks. May— Aug. tt. A foot
high j ft* small.

i. S. aureus : radical leaves ovate, cordate, serrate,
petiolate ; stem leaves pinnatifid, dentate, termi-
nal segment lanceolate ; peduncles subumbellate,
thick.
HAB. Rocky woods. May. U . Stem Win* high;
umb. simp.; fl. yell.

6. S. Balsamitas : radical leaves oblong, serrate, petio-
late ; lower cauline leaves lyrate-pinnatifid, ser-
rate ; upper ones pinnate, dentate ; flowers some-
what umbellate ; stem and peduncles villous at

trip oisp

HAB. Meadows, &c. June. H. Stem 1—2 ft,
high; leav. subpubes.; fl* yellow.
"•'. S. het&rophyllus ; woolly and downy ; leaves on long
petioles, ovate-spathulate and ovate, rather acute
and pinnatifid ; cauline ones 2 — 3, linear, pinnati-
fid ; flowers corymbed.
HAB. Rocks. May— June. lfc. A foot high ; fl.
bright yellow.
3. S. obovatus : radical leaves obovate, crenate-ser-
rate, petiolate ; cauline leaves pinnatifid, dentate ;
flowers subumbellate, on long peduncles ; stem
rather smooth.
HAB. Rocky woods. May— June. U. A foot high:
leav. thick ; fl. yell.

491. TUSSILAGO. Colt's-foot. Composite.
i. T.frigida: scape fastigiate, many-flowered* brae

SYNGENESIA.— SUPERFLUA. 307

teate ; leaves roundish-cordate, unequally tooth-
ed, woolly beneath.

HAB. High mountains. June. U. A span high :
rays wh. ; disk pur p.
2. T.Farfara: scape 1-flowered, scaly; leaves cor-
date, angular, toothed, woolly beneath.

HAB. Banks of rivers. April. U. A span high :
Jt. yell, j appearing before the leav. § ?

492. BOLTONIA. Composite.

i. B. glastifolia : lower leaves serrate; flower* on
short peduncles ; seeds obcordate, conspicuously
winged, pubescent ; awns of the pappus of nearly
equal length.
HAB. Banks of rivers. July— Aug, U. Stem 2
— 3 ft. high; leav. lin., aliem. ; fi. flesh-col.

2. B. astervides : leaves very entire ; flowers on long
peduncles ; seeds oval, smooth, scarcely awned.
HAB. Wet places. July. U. Stem j— 2 fL high :
leav. alter., lanceol. ; fl.few, pink.

493. CHRYSANTHEMUM. Ox-eye Daisy. Com
posite.

EX Leucanthemum : leaves amplexicaul, lanceolate, ser
rate, laciniate-dentate at the base ; stem erect
branching.
HAB. Fields, &c. May— Nov. U. Sleni 12—
18 in. high ; fl. large wh. §.

494. VERBES1NA. Composite.

^Ugesbeckia : leaves opposite, ovate, lanceolate
acuminate at each end, acutely serrate ; panicle
brachiate, irregularly many-flowered at the sum
mit ; rays 1 — 3.
HAB. Dry woods. Sept. U . Stem 2—4 ft. high
[-■wing ; leav. triply nerv. ; fl. yell.

195. ANTHEM1S. Chamomile. Composite.

k \. arvensis : receptacle cooic ; chaff lanceolate
seed crowned with a margin ; leaves lanceolate '
segments lanceolate-linear ?

308 SYNGENESIA.— FRUSTRANEA,

HAB. Fields and waste grounds. July — Nov. © .

Stern much branch. ; fl. wh., disk yell. §.
2. A. Cotula : receptacle conic ; chaff bristly ; seed

naked ; leaves bipinnate ; segments subulate, 3-

parted.
HAB. Waste grounds. June — Nov. 0'. Erect;

fl. in termin. corymb. ; fl. wh. §.

496. ACHILLEA. Milfoil. Composite*.

1. A. Ptarmica : leaves linear, acuminate, acutely and

equally serrate, smooth.
HAB. Dry swamps. Aug. U. Fl. white. §?

2. A. Millefolium : leaves bipinnatifid, hairy; seg-

ments linear, toothed, mucronate ; calyx sulcate.
HAB. Fields, &c. June— Sept. U. Afoot high:
Qorymb dense ; fl. wh. or rose-col. §.

497. HELIOPSIS. Composite.

H. Iczvis: leaves opposite, ovate, serrate, triply-nerved.
HAB. Banks of rivers. July— Aug. U. Stem 2 ft.
high ; leav. smooth ; fl. large, yell.

498. HELENIUM. False sunflower. Composite.

II. autumnal e : leaves lanceolate, serrate, decurrent ;
flowers corymbed ; florets of the disk 5-eleft, of
the ray flat, reflexed.
IIAB. Low meadows. Aug. — Sept. H . Stem 2
« — 3 ft. high, winged ; fl. yell.

FRUSTRANEA.

499. HELIANTHUS. Sunflower. Composite^.

* Florets of the disk dark purple.

1. H. atrorubens: hispid; stem naked towards the
summit ; loosely paniculate ; leaves spathulate.
oblong-ovate, crenate, triply-nerved, scabrou.9 on
the upper surface ; scales of the calyx ovate-lan-
ceolate, as long as the disk.
1JAB. Dry soils. Aug.— Sept. %. Stem &— 4 ft<
" high; leav. opp., very long ; rap yell.

SYNGENESIA.— FRUSTRANEA. 309-

K H. angustifolius : stem slender, slightly scabrous ;
leaves narrow-lanceolate, revolute on the margin,
scabrous, entire, glaucous beneath ; upper ones
alternate ; scales of the calyx linear-lanceolate,
ciliate, expanding; chaff 3-toothed.
HAB. Pine barrens. Oct. U • Stem 3—5 ft,
high ; branch, few ; leav. 4 — 8 in. long ; fl. smalt

* * Florets of the disk yellowish.

| Leaves opposite.

3. H. mollis: stem smooth below, scabrous above,

leaves ovate-lanceolate, acute, serrate, scabrous
on the upper surface, pubescent and hoary be
neath ; flowers few, terminal.
HAB. Swamps. Aug. U. Stem 3—6 ft. high;
leav. very acute ; fl. few ; cal. hairy.

4. H. divaricatus : stem smooth, branched ; leaves

subopposite, sessile, ovate-lanceolate, triply-nerv*
ed, scabrous above, smooth beneath ; panicle tri-
chotomous, slender ; flowers very small.
HAB. Rocky woods. Aug. U . Stem 4—6 ft.
high ; leav. sub acuminate.

5. H . frondosus : stem smooth below ; leaves ovate,

acutely serrate ; peduncles scabrous ; calyx
squarrose, undulate, leafly, ciliate ; rays 8.
HAB. Woods. Aug.— Sept. U . Stem. 4— 5 ft,
high ; fl. small.

6. H. trachelifolius : leaves ovate-lanceolate, acumir

nate, serrate, triply-nerved, very scabrous above
and beneath ; scales of the calyx linear-lanceolate,
ciliate, the exterior ones longer.
HAB. Rocky woods. Aug.— Sept. U . Stem 3.
— Aft. high; fl. middle-sized.

1 1 Upper leaves alternate.

:. II. altissimus : leaves alternate, ovate-lanceolate,
serrate, scabrous, triply nerved, attenuate at the
apex, petiolate ; petioles ciliate ; scales of the
calyx lanceolate, ciliate.
HAB. Low grounds. Sept. U . Stem 4 — 6 ft.
high.purp. ; rays 16 ; chaff green.

' H. giganteus : leaves alternate, lanceolate, serrate

HO SYNGENESIA.— FRUSTRANEA.

scabrous, obscurely triply-nerved, subsessile, at-
tenuate at each end, ciliate at the base ; scales of
the calyx lanceolate, ciliate.
HAB. Low grounds. Aug. — Sept. U . Stem 5 — ■
6 ft. high, subscab. ; pan. loose, few-Jl.

9. H. decapetalus : leaves ovate, acuminate, remotely

serrate, triply-nerved, scabrous ; scales of the ca
lyx lanceolate, subequal, subciliate ; rays 10 — 12.
IIAB. Rocky woods. Aug. U. Stem 4 — b ft.
high ; Jlowers large.

10. H. multiflorus : leaves triply-nerved, scabrous:
lower ones cordate ; upper ovate ; rays inany-
flowered ; scales of the calyx lanceolate.

IIAB. Rocky woods. Aug. — Sept. U . Stem and
pedunc. scab. ; rays very num.

500. RUDBECKIA. Composite

* Calyx imbricate ; chaff mucronate.

1. R. purpurea : scabrous; lower leaves broad-ovate.

narrowed at the base, remotely toothed ; cauline
ones lanceolate-ovate, nearly entire, acuminate
at each end ; florets of the ray very long, deflexed.
bifid.
HAB Mountains. June — July. U. Stem 4 ft.
high ; fl. large ; rays purp. ; disk brown.

* * Calyx subequal ; chaff unarmed.

2. R. pinnata : leaves all pinnate ; lower segments

sometimes 2-parted ; pappus entire ; stem sulcate.
hispid.
HAB. Pennsylvania. July — Oct. U. Fl. large,
yell. ; rays long, reflex. ; disk jyirp.

3. R. digitata : lower leaves pinnate ; segments pin-

natifid ; upper ones simple, pinnate, the highest
3-cleft ; pappus crenate ; stem smooth.
HAB. Mountains. Aug. U . Stem b— 6 ft. high:
leav. thin; fl. yell. ; pap. subtruncate.
U R. laciniata : lower leaves pinnate; segments 3-
lobed ; upper ones ovate ; pappus crenate ; stem
smooth.
HAB. Swamps. Aug. U . Stem 5—8 ft. high
lower leav. 3-foliate ; fl. yell.

SYNGENESIA.— FRUSTRANEA. 31 1

R. triloba : hispidly pilose ; stem paniculate ;
branches divaricate, many-flowered, leafy ; leaves
lanceolate, acuminate at each end, serrate ; the
lower ones 3-lobed ; leaflets of the calyx linear,
deflexed, as long as the ray.

HAB. Mountains. Aug. — Sept. U. Stem 4 — 5
ft. high ; rays yell. ; disk dark purp.

R. fulgida : stem hispid ; branches long, virgate,
1 -flowered ; leaves oblong-lanceolate, denticulate,
hispid, narrowed and slightly cordate at the base ;
calyx leafy, as long as the ray ; disk hemispheri-
cal ; chaff lanceolate.

HAB. Mountain meadows. Aug. U . Stem 2 —
3ft. high; rays 12—14, yell.

R. hiria : very hairy ; stem virgate, somewhat
branched, 1-flowered ; leaves spathulate, lanceo-
late, triply nerved, serrate, hairy ; scales of the
calyx imbricate, in a triple series, shorter than the
ray ; chaff obovate, acute.

HAB. Mountains. Aug. U- Stem 2— 3 ft. high.,
subsimp. ;fl. solit., yell.; rays 14.

501. BIDENS. Burr-marygold. Compositor.

. B. ccrnaa : flowers subradiate, cernuous ; exterior
calyx as long as the flower; leaves lanceolate, sub-
connate, dentate.
HAB. Ditches, Lc. Aug.— Oct. ®. Stem 1— 2

ft. high ; rays yell., often wanting.
3. minima : leaves lanceolate, serrate, sessile ; flow/

era erect.
HAB. Low wet place?. Aug. Stem 4 — 8 tit. high ;
//. very small.
. B. chrysanthemoides : flower9 radiate, cernuous;
rays thrice as long as the nearly equal calyx:
leaves oblong, attenuate at each end, dentate, con
nate at the base,
i 1 AH. Wetplaces. Aug.— Oct. ©. Stem 1— 3
ft. high ; JL large ; rays 3, lanceol.
'. B. frondosa : flowers discoid ; exterior calyx six
time? as long as the flower; its leaflets ciliate at t ht
base; lower leaves pinnate ; upper ones tomato
lanceolate, 9errate.

H2 SYNGENESIA.— FRUSTRANEA.

HAB. Shady wet places. Aug. © . Stem 2 ft.
high, branch. ; rays ; steds 2-awned.
t. B. connata: flowers discoid ; exterior calyx thrice
as long as the flower ; cauline leaves ternate ; la-
teral leaflets connate; floral ones oblong-lanceolate.
HAB. Meadows, &c. Aug.— Sept. ©./Stem 2
— 3 ft. high, smooth; leav. subglauc.
I B. bipinnata : flowers subradiate ; exterior calyx as
long as the interior ; leaves bipinnate ; segments
linear-pinnatifid.
HAB. Fields. July— Sept. ©. Stem B— 12 tw,
high; leav. finely divid. ; rays 0, or 1 — 3.
3. B. Beckii: stem subsimple ; submersed leaves, di-
vided into many linear and dichotomous segments;
flower erect, solitary, terminal.
HAB. Deep water. Aug. 4. ? Stem 2—5 ft.
long; emersed leav. lanceoL or trifid; fl. radiate.

i02. COREOPSIS. Tickseed-sunflower. Composite

* Leaves opposite, undivided.

C. rosea: small, very smooth ; stem simple : leaves
linear, entire ; axils leafy ; flowers few, long-
pedunculate, axillary and terminal ; seeds very
entire, naked.

HAB. Swamps. Aug. U. A foot high; lea.v.
subconnate ; rays 3-tooth., red.

* * Leaves opposite, divided.

C. trichosperma : smooth ; leaves subquiuate, pin.-
nate ; segments linear-lanceolate, serrate ; flowers
corymbed ; leaflets of.the exterior calyx ciliately
serrate; ray9 entire; seeds cuneate, 2 — 4-toothed.

HAB. Cedar swamps, &c. Aug. — Sept. £. Stem
2 ft. high, dichot.; rays lanceoL, yell.

C. tripteris: smooth; leaves petiolate, lanceolate }
very entire ; radical ones pinnate; of the stem ter-
nate; rays entire; seeds obovate, naked at the
apex.

HAB. Mountain meadows. Aug. H . Stew 4 ft.
high, terete: fl. small, yell,

I.

SYNGENESIA.— NECESS